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Han J, Escorihuela J, Fustero S, Landa A, Soloshonok VA, Sorochinsky A. Asymmetric Michael Addition in Synthesis of β-Substituted GABA Derivatives. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123797. [PMID: 35744921 PMCID: PMC9231165 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) represents one of the most prolific structural units widely used in the design of modern pharmaceuticals. For example, β-substituted GABA derivatives are found in numerous neurological drugs, such as baclofen, phenibut, tolibut, pregabalin, phenylpiracetam, brivaracetam, and rolipram, to mention just a few. In this review, we critically discuss the literature data reported on the preparation of substituted GABA derivatives using the Michael addition reaction as a key synthetic transformation. Special attention is paid to asymmetric methods featuring synthetically useful stereochemical outcomes and operational simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Jorge Escorihuela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;
| | - Santos Fustero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Aitor Landa
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (A.L.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Vadim A. Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (A.L.); (V.A.S.)
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo 36-5, Plaza Bizkaia, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alexander Sorochinsky
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1 Murmanska Str., 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (A.S.)
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2
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Enantioselective synthesis of 4,5-disubstituted pyrrolidin-2-one derivatives with two stereocenters on the basis of Michael adducts. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02766-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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3
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Abstract
Baclofen, β-(4-chlorophenyl)-γ-aminobutyric acid, holds a unique position in neuroscience, remaining the only U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved GABAB agonist. While intended to be a more brain penetrant, i.e, ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), version of GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) for the potential treatment of epilepsy, baclofen's highly efficacious muscle relaxant properties led to its approval, as a racemate, for the treatment of spasticity. Interestingly, baclofen received FDA approval before its receptor, GABAB, was discovered and its exact mechanism of action was known. In recent times, baclofen has a myriad of off-label uses, with the treatment for alcohol abuse and drug addiction garnering a great deal of attention. This Review aims to capture the >60 year legacy of baclofen by walking through the history, pharmacology, synthesis, drug metabolism, routes of administration, and societal impact of this Classic in chemical neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin N. Kent
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Charlotte Park
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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4
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Wang X, Zeng Y, Sheng L, Larson P, Liu X, Zou X, Wang S, Guo K, Ma C, Zhang G, Cui H, Ferguson DM, Li Y, Zhang J, Aldrich CC. A Cinchona Alkaloid Antibiotic That Appears To Target ATP Synthase in Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Med Chem 2019; 62:2305-2332. [PMID: 30779564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Optochin, a cinchona alkaloid derivative discovered over 100 years ago, possesses highly selective antibacterial activity toward Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pneumococcal disease remains the leading source of bacterial pneumonia and meningitis worldwide. The structure-activity relationships of optochin were examined through modification to both the quinoline and quinuclidine subunits, which led to the identification of analogue 48 with substantially improved activity. Resistance and molecular modeling studies indicate that 48 likely binds to the c-ring of ATP synthase near the conserved glutamate 52 ion-binding site, while mechanistic studies demonstrated that 48 causes cytoplasmic acidification. Initial pharmacokinetic and drug metabolism analyses of optochin and 48 revealed limitations of these quinine analogues, which were rapidly cleared, resulting in poor in vivo exposure through hydroxylation pendants to the quinuclidine and O-dealkylation of the quinoline. Collectively, the results provide a foundation to advance 48 and highlight ATP synthase as a promising target for antibiotic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuna Zeng
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , People's Republic of China
| | | | - Peter Larson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Xue Liu
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David M Ferguson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | | | - Jingren Zhang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , People's Republic of China
| | - Courtney C Aldrich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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Tezeren MA, Yeşil TA, Zorlu Y, Tilki T, Ertürk E. Enantiopure cis
- and trans
-2-(2-Aminocyclohexyl)phenols: Effective Preparation, Solid-State Characterization, and Application in Asymmetric Organocatalysis. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa A. Tezeren
- Institute of Chemical Technology; TÜBITAK Marmara Research Center; 41470 Gebze Kocaeli Turkey
- Department of Chemistry; Süleyman Demirel University; 32260 Isparta Turkey
| | - Tolga A. Yeşil
- Institute of Chemical Technology; TÜBITAK Marmara Research Center; 41470 Gebze Kocaeli Turkey
- Department of Chemistry; Süleyman Demirel University; 32260 Isparta Turkey
| | - Yunus Zorlu
- Department of Chemistry; Gebze Technical University; 41400 Gebze Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Tahir Tilki
- Department of Chemistry; Süleyman Demirel University; 32260 Isparta Turkey
| | - Erkan Ertürk
- Institute of Chemical Technology; TÜBITAK Marmara Research Center; 41470 Gebze Kocaeli Turkey
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Wąsińska-Kałwa M, Giurg M, Boratyński PJ, Skarżewski J. Expansion of the aromatic part of Cinchona alkaloids. Annulation of quinolines with phenoxazine motifs. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Bai S, Wu Q, Zhu Y, Liu S, Wei X, Zhao K, Li W. Cinchona Alkaloid Thiourea-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis and Bioselective Activities of β-Amino Acid Ester Derivatives Containing a Pyrimidine Moiety. HETEROCYCLES 2018. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Sukhanova AA, Nelyubina YV, Zlotin SG. Asymmetric synthesis of 3-prenyl-substituted pyrrolidin-2-ones. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Stereoselective reactions of nitro compounds in the synthesis of natural compound analogs and active pharmaceutical ingredients. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jin H, Kim ST, Hwang GS, Ryu DH. L-Proline Derived Bifunctional Organocatalysts: Enantioselective Michael Addition of Dithiomalonates to trans-β-Nitroolefins. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3263-74. [PMID: 26989804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel L-proline derived tertiary amine bifunctional organocatalysts 9 are reported, which were applied to the asymmetric Michael addition of dithiomalonates 2 to trans-β-nitroolefins 1. The reaction proceeded in high yields (up to 99%) with high enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee). The synthetic utility of this methodology was demonstrated in the short synthesis of (R)-phenibut in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute , Seoul 120-140, Korea
| | - Do Hyun Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
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11
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Ashokkumar V, Siva A. Cinchona alkaloid-based chiral catalysts act as highly efficient multifunctional organocatalysts for the asymmetric conjugate addition of malonates to nitroolefins. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:10216-25. [PMID: 26308733 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01351h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New pentaerythritol tetrabromide-based chiral quaternary ammonium salts acting as organocatalysts (7a and 7b) have been prepared and used as organocatalysts for enantioselective Michael addition reactions between various nitroolefins and Michael donors (malonates) under mild reaction conditions, such as lower concentration of base and catalyst and room temperature, with very good chemical yields (up to 97%) and ee's (up to 99%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeramanoharan Ashokkumar
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India.
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12
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Billault I, Launez R, Scherrmann MC. Cupreine grafted onto silica as an enantioselective and recyclable catalyst for the 1,4-addition of malonate to trans-β-nitrostyrene. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02292d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
First preparation of silica supported cupreine and its high catalytic performances for the asymmetric Michael addition in some biomass-derived solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Billault
- Université Paris Sud
- ICMMO
- 91405 Orsay Cedex
- France
| | - R. Launez
- Université Paris Sud
- ICMMO
- 91405 Orsay Cedex
- France
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13
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Espinosa M, Blay G, Cardona L, Pedro JR. Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Malonate Esters to α,β-UnsaturatedN-Sulfonyl Imines: An Expeditious Route to Chiral δ-Aminoesters and Piperidones. Chemistry 2013; 19:14861-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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14
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Tsubogo T, Ishiwata T, Kobayashi S. Asymmetrische Kohlenstoff-Kohlenstoff-Kupplungen unter kontinuierlichen Durchflussbedingungen mit chiralen Heterogenkatalysatoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201210066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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15
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Tsubogo T, Ishiwata T, Kobayashi S. Asymmetric Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation under Continuous-Flow Conditions with Chiral Heterogeneous Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:6590-604. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201210066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Li YZ, Li F, Tian P, Lin GQ. Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of α-Substituted Nitro Acetates to Nitro Olefins: Enantioselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted γ-Lactams. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Kucherenko AS, Siyutkin DE, Nigmatov AG, Chizhov AO, Zlotin SG. Chiral Primary Amine Tagged to Ionic Group as Reusable Organocatalyst for Asymmetric Michael Reactions of C-Nucleophiles with α,β-Unsaturated Ketones. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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Kasaplar P, Riente P, Hartmann C, Pericàs MA. A Polystyrene-Supported, Highly Recyclable Squaramide Organocatalyst for the Enantioselective Michael Addition of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds to β-Nitrostyrenes. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Tsubogo T, Yamashita Y, Kobayashi S. Toward Efficient Asymmetric Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation: Continuous Flow with Chiral Heterogeneous Catalysts. Chemistry 2012; 18:13624-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Nigmatov A, Kuchurov I, Siyutkin D, Zlotin S. Enantioselective addition of carbon acids to α-nitroalkenes: the first asymmetric aminocatalytic reaction in liquefied carbon dioxide. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.04.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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21
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Chauhan P, Chimni SS. Aromatic hydroxyl group—a hydrogen bonding activator in bifunctional asymmetric organocatalysis. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00872b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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