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Kreuzer F, Aubele A, Mena‐Osteritz E, Bäuerle P. Synthesis and Reactivity of Dithienopyrazines**. European J Org Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202300023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Kreuzer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials University of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Mattson Thermal Products GmbH 89160 Dornstadt Germany
| | - Anna Aubele
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials University of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Elena Mena‐Osteritz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials University of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials University of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
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Würdemann MA, Faber T, Harings JAW, Bernaerts KV, Orru RVA, Pich A. Post-Modification of Biobased Pyrazines and Their Polyesters. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Würdemann
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - T. Faber
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - J. A. W. Harings
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - K. V. Bernaerts
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - R. V. A. Orru
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - A. Pich
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167RD Geleen, The Netherlands
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Li D, Wu P, Sun N, Lu YJ, Wong WL, Fang Z, Zhang K. The Diversity of Heterocyclic N-oxide Molecules: Highlights on their Potential in Organic Synthesis, Catalysis and Drug Applications. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666190408095257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and chemistry of heterocyclic N-oxide derivatives such as those from pyridine and indazole are very well-known due to their usefulness as versatile synthetic intermediates and their biological importance. These classes of organic compounds have been demonstrated in many interesting and amazing functionalities, particularly vital in the areas including metal complexes formation, catalysts design, asymmetric catalysis and synthesis, and medicinal applications (some potent N-oxide compounds with anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory activity, etc.). Therefore, the heterocyclic N-oxide motif has been successfully employed in a number of recent advanced chemistry and drug development investigations. In the present review, our primary aim was to provide a relevant summary focusing on the topics of organic synthesis and medical application potential of the compounds cited, which could be attractive and give some insights to researchers in the field. Therefore, we mainly highlight the importance of heterocyclic N-oxide derivatives including those synthesized from imidazole, indazole, indole, pyridazine, pyrazine, pyridine, and pyrimidine in organic syntheses and catalysis, and drug applications. Over the past years, a number of reviews have been published on the organic synthesis and catalysis of N-oxides. We thus concentrated on highlighting those rarely mentioned or recently reported systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R, China
| | - Yu-Jing Lu
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R, China
| | - Wing-Leung Wong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R, China
| | - Zhiyuang Fang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, P.R., China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R, China
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Abstract
Despite many efforts, one of the smallest heterocycles containing two nitrogen atoms, pyridazine, could not be converted to its N,N-dioxide (see, however, Nakadate et al. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1970 , 18 , 1211 - 1218 ). HOF·CH3CN, made easily from diluted fluorine, was able to accomplish this task in a fast reaction with good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomo Rozen
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Avshalom Shaffer
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Larionov OV, Stephens D, Mfuh AM, Arman HD, Naumova AS, Chavez G, Skenderi B. Insights into the mechanistic and synthetic aspects of the Mo/P-catalyzed oxidation of N-heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3026-36. [PMID: 24643619 PMCID: PMC4134924 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00115j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A Mo/P catalytic system for an efficient gram-scale oxidation of a variety of nitrogen heterocycles to N-oxides with hydrogen peroxide as terminal oxidant has been investigated. Combined spectroscopic and crystallographic studies point to the tetranuclear Mo4P peroxo complex as one of the active catalytic species present in the solution. Based on this finding an optimized catalytic system has been developed. The utility and chemoselectivity of the catalytic system has been demonstrated by the synthesis of over 20 heterocyclic N-oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V Larionov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
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Puttreddy R, Cottam JRA, Steel PJ. Anion dependent silver(i) complexes of pyrazine mono-N-oxide. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01336k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrazine mono-N-oxide reacts with silver salts to form either discrete complexes involving monodentate N-coordination or 1D coordination polymers in which the ligand acts in a N,O-bridging bidentate coordination mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Puttreddy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Canterbury
- Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | | | - Peter J. Steel
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Canterbury
- Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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Palmer MH, Hoffmann SV, Jones NC, Smith ER, Lichtenberger DL. The electronic states of pyridine-N-oxide studied by VUV photoabsorption andab initioconfiguration interaction computations. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:214317. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4807841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Lincoln KM, Richardson TE, Rutter L, Gonzalez P, Simpkins JW, Green KN. An N-heterocyclic amine chelate capable of antioxidant capacity and amyloid disaggregation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2012; 3:919-27. [PMID: 23173072 PMCID: PMC3503443 DOI: 10.1021/cn300060v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the development of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, deposition of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, along with a disruption of transition metal ion homeostasis in conjunction with oxidative stress. Spectroscopic, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy imaging studies show that 1 (pyclen) is capable of both preventing and disrupting Cu(2+) induced AB(1-40) aggregation. The pyridine backbone of 1 engenders antioxidant capacity, as shown by cellular DCFH-DA (dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) assay in comparison to other N-heterocyclic amines lacking this aromatic feature. Finally, 1 prevents cell death induced by oxidative stress as shown by the Calcein AM assay. The results are supported using density functional theory studies which show that the pyridine backbone is responsible for the antioxidant capacity observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Lincoln
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, 2800 S. University, Ft. Worth, Texas 76129, United States
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