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Roncero AM, Tobal IE, Moro RF, Diez D, Marcos IS. Halimanes and cancer: ent-halimic acid as a starting material for the synthesis of antitumor drugs. Front Chem 2023; 11:1225355. [PMID: 37674527 PMCID: PMC10477373 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1225355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new anti-cancer agents is an urgent necessity nowadays, as it is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. Many drugs currently used are derived from natural products. Halimanes are a class of bicyclic diterpenoids present in various plants and microorganisms. Many of them exhibit biological activities such as antitumor, antimicrobial, or anti-inflammatory. Among them, ent-halimic acid is an easily accessible compound, in large quantities, from the ethyl acetate extract of the plant Halimium viscosum, and it has been used as a starting material in a number of bioactive molecules. In this work, we review all the natural halimanes with antitumor and related activities until date as well as the synthesis of antitumor compounds using ent-halimic acid as a starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Isidro S. Marcos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Antibacterial Natural Halimanes: Potential Source of Novel Antibiofilm Agents. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071707. [PMID: 32276434 PMCID: PMC7180734 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new agents against bacteria is an urgent necessity for human beings. The structured colony of bacterial cells, called the biofilm, is used to defend themselves from biocide attacks. For this reason, it is necessary to know their structures, develop new agents to eliminate them and to develop new procedures that allow an early diagnosis, by using biomarkers. Among natural products, some derivatives of diterpenes with halimane skeleton show antibacterial activity. Some halimanes have been isolated from marine organisms, structurally related with halimanes isolated from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These halimanes are being evaluated as virulence factors and as tuberculosis biomarkers, this disease being one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity. In this work, the antibacterial halimanes will be reviewed, with their structural characteristics, activities, sources and the synthesis known until now.
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Tobal IE, Roncero AM, Moro RF, Díez D, Marcos IS. The Methylene-Cycloalkylacetate (MCA) Scaffold in Terpenyl Compounds with Potential Pharmacological Activities. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112120. [PMID: 31195609 PMCID: PMC6600407 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the methylene-cycloakylacetate (MCA) scaffold has been reported as a potential pharmacophore for neurite outgrowth activity. In this work, natural diterpenes that embed MCA fragments are reviewed, as they are major components of Halimium viscosum: ent-halimic acid, the prototype for these bioactive compounds. Herein, structures, sources, and activities for the natural diterpenes, as well as their synthetic derivatives of interest, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio E Tobal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca. Plaza de los Caídos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Alejandro M Roncero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca. Plaza de los Caídos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Rosalina F Moro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca. Plaza de los Caídos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - David Díez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca. Plaza de los Caídos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Isidro S Marcos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca. Plaza de los Caídos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
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Lankri D, Haham D, Lahiani A, Lazarovici P, Tsvelikhovsky D. Methylene-Cycloalkylacetate (MCA) Scaffold-Based Compounds as Novel Neurotropic Agents. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:691-698. [PMID: 29265805 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main symptoms in degenerative diseases is death of neuronal cell followed by the loss of neuronal pathways. In neuronal cultures, neurite outgrowths are cell sprouts capable of transforming into either axons or dendrites, to further form functional neuronal synaptic connections. Such connections have an important role in brain cognition, neuronal plasticity, neuronal survival, and regeneration. Therefore, drugs that stimulate neurite outgrowth may be found beneficial in ameliorating neural degeneration. Here, we establish the existence of a unique family of methylene-cycloalkylacetate-based molecules (MCAs) that interface with neuronal cell properties and operate as acceptable pharmacophores for a novel neurotropic (neurite outgrowth inducing) lead compounds. Using an established PC12 cell bioassay, we investigated the neurotropic effect of methylene-cycloalkylacetate compounds by comparison to NGF, a known neurotropic factor. Micrographs of the cells were collected by using a light microscope camera, and digitized photographs were analyzed for compound-induced neurotropic activity using an NIH image protocol. The results indicate that the alkene element, integrated within the cycloalkylacetate core, is indispensable for neurotropic activity. The discovered lead compounds need further mechanistic investigation and may be improved toward development of a neurotropic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lankri
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Dikla Haham
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Adi Lahiani
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Dmitry Tsvelikhovsky
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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Roncero AM, Tobal IE, Moro RF, Díez D, Marcos IS. Halimane diterpenoids: sources, structures, nomenclature and biological activities. Nat Prod Rep 2018; 35:955-991. [DOI: 10.1039/c8np00016f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diterpenes with a halimane skeleton constitute a small group of natural products that can be biogenetically considered as being between labdane and clerodane diterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M. Roncero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Salamanca
- 37008 Salamanca
- Spain
| | - Ignacio E. Tobal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Salamanca
- 37008 Salamanca
- Spain
| | - Rosalina F. Moro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Salamanca
- 37008 Salamanca
- Spain
| | - David Díez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Salamanca
- 37008 Salamanca
- Spain
| | - Isidro S. Marcos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Salamanca
- 37008 Salamanca
- Spain
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Muganza DM, Fruth B, Nzunzu JL, Tuenter E, Foubert K, Cos P, Maes L, Kanyanga RC, Exarchou V, Apers S, Pieters L. In vitro antiprotozoal activity and cytotoxicity of extracts and isolated constituents from Greenwayodendron suaveolens. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:510-516. [PMID: 27693770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Nkundo people (Nkundo area of Bolongo, Mai-Ndombe district, Bandundu Province, DR Congo) use various plant parts of the tree Greenwayodendron suaveolens (Engl. & Diels) Verdc. (syn. Polyalthia suaveolens Engl. & Diels) (Annonaceae) against malaria, but its antiprotozoal constituents are not known. MATERIALS AND METHODS The crude 80% ethanol extract from the fruits, leaves, root bark and stem bark and 16 fractions were assessed in vitro for their antiprotozoal activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei, T. cruzi, Leishmania infantum and the chloroquine and pyrimethamine-resistant K1 strain of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf-K1). Their cytotoxic effects were evaluated against MRC-5 cells. Active constituents were isolated by chromatographic means, identified using spectroscopic methods, and evaluated in the same assays. RESULTS The root bark extract showed the highest activity against P. falciparum K1 (IC50 0.26µg/mL) along with the stem bark alkaloid fraction (IC50 0.27µg/mL). The root bark alkaloid fraction had a pronounced activity against all selected protozoa with IC50 values <1µg/mL. The 90% methanol fractions of the different plant parts showed a pronounced activity against P. falciparum K1, with IC50 values ranging between 0.36µg/mL and 0.69µg/mL. Four constituents were isolated: the triterpenes polycarpol, and dihydropolycarpol, the latter one being reported for the first time from nature, and the alkaloids polyalthenol and N-acetyl-polyveoline. They were active to a various degree against one or more protozoa, mostly accompanied by cytotoxicity. The highest selectivity was observed for N-acetyl-polyveoline against P. falciparum K1 (IC50 2.8µM, selectivity index 10.9). CONCLUSIONS These results may explain at least in part the traditional use of this plant species against parasitic diseases such as malaria in DR Congo.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Musuyu Muganza
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, P.O. Box 212, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of Congo.
| | - B Fruth
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Faculty of Biology/ Department Biology II, Großhaderner Straße 2, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Centre for Research and Conservation / KMDA, Koningin Astridplein 20-26, B-2018 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - J Lami Nzunzu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, P.O. Box 212, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - E Tuenter
- Natural Products & Food Resarch and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - K Foubert
- Natural Products & Food Resarch and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - P Cos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - L Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - R Cimanga Kanyanga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, P.O. Box 212, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of Congo; Natural Products & Food Resarch and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - V Exarchou
- Natural Products & Food Resarch and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - S Apers
- Natural Products & Food Resarch and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - L Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Resarch and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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Sun Y, Meng Z, Chen P, Zhang D, Baunach M, Hertweck C, Li A. A concise total synthesis of sespenine, a structurally unusual indole terpenoid from Streptomyces. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00416k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A ten-step (the longest linear sequence) total synthesis of sespenine was accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Zhanchao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Pengxi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Deliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Martin Baunach
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology
- HKI
- Jena
- Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology
- HKI
- Jena
- Germany
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
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Zhou S, Chen H, Luo Y, Zhang W, Li A. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Mycoleptodiscin A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6878-82. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Total synthesis and antiviral activity of indolosesquiterpenoids from the xiamycin and oridamycin families. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6096. [PMID: 25648883 PMCID: PMC4347019 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Indolosesquiterpenoids are a growing class of natural products that exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Here, we report the total syntheses of xiamycin A and oridamycins A and B, indolosesquiterpenoids isolated from Streptomyces. Two parallel strategies were exploited to forge the carbazole core: 6π-electrocyclization/aromatization and indole C2–H bond activation/Heck annulation. The construction of their trans-decalin motifs relied on two diastereochemically complementary radical cyclization reactions mediated by Ti(III) and Mn(III), respectively. The C23 hydroxyl of oridamycin B was introduced by an sp3 C–H bond oxidation at a late stage. On the basis of the chemistry developed, the dimeric congener dixiamycin C has been synthesized for the first time. Evaluation of the antiviral activity of these compounds revealed that xiamycin A is a potent agent against herpes simplex virus–1 (HSV-1) in vitro. Using a single strategy to make a number of related intermediates is a useful strategy in the total synthesis. Here, the authors report the synthesis of a number of natural products, employing two diastereomerically complementary metal-catalyzed cyclizations as the key step to access a number of frameworks.
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Synthesis and biological activity of polyalthenol and pentacyclindole analogues. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 73:265-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
The natural product sesquiterpenyl indoles are structural hybrids from farnesyl pyrophosphate and tryptophan or its precursors, often with unusual and complex structural features, many of them with interesting biological activities. In this review the compounds of this class known until now are classified, a biosynthetic approach of each group is proposed and a review of the synthesis or synthetic approaches is communicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidro S Marcos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de los Caidos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
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Marcos IS, Moro RF, Costales I, Basabe P, Díez D, Mollinedo F, Urones JG. Biomimetic synthesis of an antitumour indole sesquiterpene alkaloid, 12-epi-ent-pentacyclindole. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation, structural determination, synthesis and chemical and microbiological transformations of natural sesquiterpenoids. The literature from January to December 2012 is reviewed, and 471 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio M Fraga
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, 38206-La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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