1
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Wang L, Jiang Q, Chen S, Wang S, Lu J, Gao X, Zhang D, Jin X. Natural epidithiodiketopiperazine alkaloids as potential anticancer agents: Recent mechanisms of action, structural modification, and synthetic strategies. Bioorg Chem 2023; 137:106642. [PMID: 37276722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has become a grave health crisis that threatens the lives of millions of people worldwide. Because of the drawbacks of the available anticancer drugs, the development of novel and efficient anticancer agents should be encouraged. Epidithiodiketopiperazine (ETP) alkaloids with a 2,5-diketopiperazine (DKP) ring equipped with transannular disulfide or polysulfide bridges or S-methyl moieties constitute a special subclass of fungal natural products. Owing to their privileged sulfur units and intriguing architectural structures, ETP alkaloids exhibit excellent anticancer activities by regulating multiple cancer proteins/signaling pathways, including HIF-1, NF-κB, NOTCH, Wnt, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR, or by inducing cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy. Furthermore, a series of ETP alkaloid derivatives obtained via structural modification showed more potent anticancer activity than natural ETP alkaloids. To solve supply difficulties from natural resources, the total synthetic routes for several ETP alkaloids have been designed. In this review, we summarized several ETP alkaloids with anticancer properties with particular emphasis on their underlying mechanisms of action, structural modifications, and synthetic strategies, which will offer guidance to design and innovate potential anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qinghua Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- China Medical University-Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- The 1st Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jingyi Lu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xun Gao
- Jiangsu Institute Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Dongfang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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2
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Huber EM. Epipolythiodioxopiperazine-Based Natural Products: Building Blocks, Biosynthesis and Biological Activities. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200341. [PMID: 35997236 PMCID: PMC10086836 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Epipolythiodioxopiperazines (ETPs) are fungal secondary metabolites that share a 2,5-diketopiperazine scaffold built from two amino acids and bridged by a sulfide moiety. Modifications of the core and the amino acid side chains, for example by methylations, acetylations, hydroxylations, prenylations, halogenations, cyclizations, and truncations create the structural diversity of ETPs and contribute to their biological activity. However, the key feature responsible for the bioactivities of ETPs is their sulfide moiety. Over the last years, combinations of genome mining, reverse genetics, metabolomics, biochemistry, and structural biology deciphered principles of ETP production. Sulfurization via glutathione and uncovering of the thiols followed by either oxidation or methylation crystallized as fundamental steps that impact expression of the biosynthesis cluster, toxicity and secretion of the metabolite as well as self-tolerance of the producer. This article showcases structure and activity of prototype ETPs such as gliotoxin and discusses the current knowledge on the biosynthesis routes of these exceptional natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Huber
- Chair of Biochemistry, Center for Protein Assemblies, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
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3
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Shaum JB, Nikolaev A, Steffens HC, Gonzalez L, Walker S, Samoshin AV, Hammersley G, La EH, Read de Alaniz J. Copper-Mediated Single-Electron Approach to Indoline Amination: Scope, Mechanism, and Total Synthesis of Asperazine A. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9907-9914. [PMID: 35876810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroloindolines bearing a C3-N linkage comprise the core of many biologically active natural products, but many methods toward their synthesis are limited by the sterics or electronics of the product. We report a single electron-based approach for the synthesis of this scaffold and demonstrate high-yielding aminations, regardless of electronic or steric demands. The transformation uses copper wire and isopropanol to promote the reaction. The broad synthetic utility of this heterogeneous copper-catalyzed approach to access pyrroloindolines, diketopiperazine, furoindoline, and (+)-asperazine is included, along with experiments to provide insight into the mechanism of this new process.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Shaum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Andrei Nikolaev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Helena C Steffens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Luis Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Shamon Walker
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Andrey V Samoshin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Gabrielle Hammersley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Ellia H La
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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4
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Zhao P, Liu H, Wu Q, Meng Q, Qu K, Yin X, Wang M, Zhao X, Qi J, Meng Y, Xia X, Zhang L. Investigation of chetomin as a lead compound and its biosynthetic pathway. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3093-3102. [PMID: 35471617 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11925-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chaetomium fungi produce a diversity of bioactive compounds. Chaetomium cochliodes SD-280 possesses 91 secondary metabolite gene clusters and exhibits strong antibacterial activity. One of the active compounds responsible for that activity, chetomin, has a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) of 0.05 μg/mL (vancomycin: 0.625 μg/mL). This study demonstrated that the addition of glutathione (GSH) can enhance chetomin yield dramatically, increasing its production 15.43-fold. Following genome sequencing, cluster prediction, and transcriptome and proteome analyses of the fungus were carried out. Furthermore, a relatively complete chetomin biosynthetic gene cluster was proposed, and the coding sequences were acquired. In the cluster of GSH-treated cells, proteome analysis revealed two up-regulated proteins that are critical enzymes for chetomin biosynthesis. One of these enzymes, a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), was heterologously expressed in Aspergillus nidulans, and one of its metabolites was determined to be an intermediate in the chetomin biosynthetic pathway. We present here, to our knowledge, the first experimental evidence that chetomin exhibits strong bioactivity against MRSA. Our work also provides extensive insights into the biosynthetic pathway of chetomin, in particular identifying two key enzymes (glutathione S-transferase (CheG) and NRPS (CheP)) that substantially up-regulate chetomin. These mechanistic insights into chetomin biosynthesis will provide the foundation for further investigation into the anti-pathogenic properties and applications of chetomin. KEY POINTS: • Chetomin exhibits strong anti-MRSA activity with MIC of 0.05 μg/mL. • Addition of glutathione improved the yield of chetomin by 15.43-fold. • CheG and CheP involved in the chetomin biosynthesis were revealed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhao
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hairong Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qingzhou Meng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kunyu Qu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhao
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jun Qi
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yiwei Meng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xuekui Xia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, Shandong Province, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, and School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai, 200237, China.
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5
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Wang MH, Zhang XY, Tan XM, Niu SB, Sun BD, Yu M, Ding G, Zou ZM. Chetocochliodins A-I, Epipoly(thiodioxopiperazines) from Chaetomium cochliodes. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:805-813. [PMID: 32115958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nine new epipoly(thiodioxopiperazine) (ETP) analogues, chetocochliodins A-I (1-9), along with two known ones, chetoseminudins E and C (10 and 11), were purified from the fungus Chaetomium cochliodes. The planar structures and absolute configurations of these new compounds were determined by extensive NMR spectroscopic analysis, CD spectra, and chemical reactions. Shielding effects from the indole on the 3-SCH3/3-OCH3/3-OCH2- groups facilitated the determination of relative configuration of the analogues. Compound 9 was cytotoxic, suggesting the importance of the sulfide bridge for the diketopiperazine bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hua Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Mei Tan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Bin Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing City University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Da Sun
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100090, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Ding
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Mei Zou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
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6
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Gomes NGM, Pereira RB, Andrade PB, Valentão P. Double the Chemistry, Double the Fun: Structural Diversity and Biological Activity of Marine-Derived Diketopiperazine Dimers. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17100551. [PMID: 31569621 PMCID: PMC6835637 DOI: 10.3390/md17100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While several marine natural products bearing the 2,5-diketopiperazine ring have been reported to date, the unique chemistry of dimeric frameworks appears to remain neglected. Frequently reported from marine-derived strains of fungi, many naturally occurring diketopiperazine dimers have been shown to display a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, particularly within the field of cancer and antimicrobial therapy. While their structures illustrate the unmatched power of marine biosynthetic machinery, often exhibiting unsymmetrical connections with rare linkage frameworks, enhanced binding ability to a variety of pharmacologically relevant receptors has been also witnessed. The existence of a bifunctional linker to anchor two substrates, resulting in a higher concentration of pharmacophores in proximity to recognition sites of several receptors involved in human diseases, portrays this group of metabolites as privileged lead structures for advanced pre-clinical and clinical studies. Despite the structural novelty of various marine diketopiperazine dimers and their relevant bioactive properties in several models of disease, to our knowledge, this attractive subclass of compounds is reviewed here for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson G M Gomes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - Renato B Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
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7
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Hakamata H, Ueda H, Tokuyama H. Construction of Indole Structure on Pyrroloindolines via AgNTf 2-Mediated Amination/Cyclization Cascade: Application to Total Synthesis of (+)-Pestalazine B. Org Lett 2019; 21:4205-4209. [PMID: 31117711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An N-linked indole structure was constructed on the 3a-position of pyrroloindoline derivatives via a cascade process involving silver-mediated amination of bromopyrroloindolines with 2-ethynylanilines with subsequent 5- endo-dig cyclization. In this reaction, AgNTf2 was used as a tandem reagent, which activated the bromo group as a σ-Lewis acid and the alkyne moiety as a π-Lewis acid. Switching from the initial step to the second step was conducted by controlling the temperature. This protocol was applied to the synthesis of various pyrroloindolines, α-carboline, and furoindolines and the total synthesis of a dimeric indole alkaloid, (+)-pestalazine B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hakamata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku University , Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku University , Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tokuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku University , Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
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8
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Hajra S, Maity S, Roy S, Das D. Controlling the regioselectivity of the ring opening of spiro-epoxyoxindoles for efficient synthesis of C(3)–N(1′)-bisindoles and C(3)–N(1′)-diindolylmethane. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7747-7759. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01249d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A strategy for the construction of both C(3)–N(1′) bisindoles and C(3)–N(1′) diindolylmethane has been explored via tuning of the nucleophilicity of indoline/indole to spiro-epoxyoxindole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumen Hajra
- Centre of Biomedical Research
- Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus
- Lucknow 226014
- India
| | - Subrata Maity
- Centre of Biomedical Research
- Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus
- Lucknow 226014
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Sayan Roy
- Centre of Biomedical Research
- Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus
- Lucknow 226014
- India
| | - Dhiraj Das
- Dept. of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali
- Manauli PO 140306
- India
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9
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Peng F, Hou SY, Zhang TY, Wu YY, Zhang MY, Yan XM, Xia MY, Zhang YX. Cytotoxic and antimicrobial indole alkaloids from an endophytic fungusChaetomiumsp. SYP-F7950 ofPanax notoginseng. RSC Adv 2019; 9:28754-28763. [PMID: 35529647 PMCID: PMC9071232 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04747f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new compounds chetoseminudin F (1) and G (2) together with eleven known compounds were isolated from the solid fermentation products of the endophytic fungus Chaetomium sp. SYP-F7950. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR, and HRFABMS experiments. The absolute configurations of chetoseminudin F (1) and G (2) were determined by comparing the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectrum with those of the reported references. A plausible biogenetic pathway for compounds 1–6 and 9–13 was proposed. These isolates were also evaluated for their antimicrobial and antitumor activity, revealing that chetoseminudin F (1) displayed more potent cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells with an IC50 value of 26.49 μmol L−1 more than the common chemotherapeutic agent (paclitaxel). In antimicrobial assay, compounds 6, 9, 11 and 12 had strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium and antifungal activity against Candida albicans with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.12 to 9.6 μg mL−1; meanwhile compounds 6, 8, 9 and 12 exhibited strong cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 2.75–8.68 μmol L−1 against tumor cell lines A549 and MDA-MB-231. In addition, morphological observation showed that treatment with compounds 6, 9 and 12 increased the mean length of B. subtilis by 1.6 to 1.8-fold. In silico molecular docking was applied to study the binding interactions between the compounds and the active sites of filamentous temperature-sensitive protein Z (FtsZ) from B. subtilis. Compounds 6, 9 and 12 displayed the low binding energies, strong H-bond interactions with FtsZ. On the basis of the antimicrobial activities, cellular phenotype observation and docking studies, compounds 6, 9 and 12 are considered to be a promising antimicrobial inhibitor of FtsZ. Two new compounds chetoseminudin F (1) and G (2) together with eleven known compounds were isolated from the solid fermentation products of the endophytic fungus Chaetomium sp. SYP-F7950.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Peng
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- PR China
- Quanzhou Medical College
| | - Shao-Yang Hou
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- PR China
| | - Tian-Yuan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- PR China
| | - Ying-Ying Wu
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- PR China
| | - Meng-Yue Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- PR China
| | - Xi-Meng Yan
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- PR China
| | - Ming-Yu Xia
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- PR China
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- PR China
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10
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Wang MH, Hu YC, Sun BD, Yu M, Niu SB, Guo Z, Zhang XY, Zhang T, Ding G, Zou ZM. Highly Photosensitive Poly-Sulfur-Bridged Chetomin Analogues from Chaetomium cochliodes. Org Lett 2018. [PMID: 29537276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The highly photosensitive characteristic of poly-sulfide chetomins was first unveiled, and four new unstable analogues, chetomins A-D (1-4), with significant cytotoxicity were successfully purified in darkness. The visible-light-induced desulfurization and intermolecular disproportionation were revealed to initiate the interconversion of chetomin analogues, which explained the long-recognized puzzle of rarity and instability of chetomin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , P.R. China
| | - You-Cai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , P.R. China
| | - Bing-Da Sun
- Institute of Microbiology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , P.R. China
| | - Meng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , P.R. China
| | - Shu-Bin Niu
- Department of Pharmacy , Beijing City University , Beijing 100083 , P.R. China
| | - Zhe Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , P.R. China
| | - Gang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Mei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , P.R. China
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11
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Nelson BM, Loach RP, Schiesser S, Movassaghi M. Concise total synthesis of (+)-asperazine A and (+)-pestalazine B. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:202-207. [PMID: 29243756 PMCID: PMC5752586 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02985c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The highly convergent total synthesis of dimeric diketopiperazine alkaloids (+)-asperazine A and (+)-pestalazine B is described. A critical aspect of our expedient route was the development of a directed regio- and diastereoselective C3-N1' coupling of complex tetracyclic diketopiperazine components. This late-stage heterodimerization reaction was made possible by design of tetracyclic diketopiperazines that allow C3-carbocation coupling of the electrophilic component to the N1' locus of the nucleophilic fragment. The application of this new coupling reaction to the first total synthesis of (+)-asperazine A led to our revision of the sign and magnitude of the optical rotation for the reported structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Nelson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA.
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12
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Horibe T, Ohmura S, Ishihara K. Selenium-Iodine Cooperative Catalyst for Chlorocyclization of Tryptamine Derivatives. Org Lett 2017; 19:5525-5528. [PMID: 28956932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chlorocyclization of tryptamine derivatives has been developed with the use of a diphenyl diselenide-iodine cooperative catalyst. Various tryptamine derivatives can be smoothly converted to the corresponding C3a-chlorohexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indoles. Additionally, we demonstrate the formal total syntheses of (-)-psychotriasine and (-)-acetylardeemin by introducing nucleophiles to the C3a position of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Horibe
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , B2-3(611), Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shuhei Ohmura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , B2-3(611), Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ishihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , B2-3(611), Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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13
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Szulc BR, Sil BC, Ruiz A, Hilton ST. A Common Precursor Approach to Structurally Diverse Natural Products: The Synthesis of the Core Structure of (±)-Clausenamide and the Total Synthesis of (±)-Hyalodendrin. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Li Q, Xia T, Yao L, Deng H, Liao X. Enantioselective and diastereoselective azo-coupling/iminium-cyclizations: a unified strategy for the total syntheses of (-)-psychotriasine and (+)-pestalazine B. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3599-3605. [PMID: 29511522 PMCID: PMC5659145 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00338e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a unified strategy for the total syntheses of (-)-psychotriasine and (+)-pestalazine B based on the advanced intermediates of 3α-amino-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole. To construct these structural motifs, a cascade reaction involving a BINOL-derived phosphoric anion-paired catalyst for enantioselective or diastereoselective azo-coupling/iminium-cyclizations was developed. The remaining key steps of the synthesis involve a sterically hindered amination via hypervalent iodine reagents and the Larock annulation. These transformations enable a general approach to the syntheses of indole alkaloids containing a 3α-amino-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole motif and could be further applied to build a natural product-based library.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Centre for Life Sciences , Beijing 100084 , China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Medicine , Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Tingting Xia
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Medicine , Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Licheng Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Medicine , Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics , School of Life Sciences , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Xuebin Liao
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Medicine , Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
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15
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Welch TR, Williams RM. Epidithiodioxopiperazines. occurrence, synthesis and biogenesis. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:1376-404. [PMID: 24816491 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70097f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidithiodioxopiperazine alkaloids possess an astonishing array of molecular architecture and generally exhibit potent biological activity. Nearly twenty distinct families have been isolated and characterized since the seminal discovery of gliotoxin in 1936. Numerous biosynthetic investigations offer a glimpse at the relative ease with which Nature is able to assemble this class of molecules, while providing synthetic chemists inspiration for the development of more efficient syntheses. Herein, we discuss the isolation and characterization, proposed fungal biogeneses, and total syntheses of epidithiodioxopiperazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Welch
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
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16
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Unsworth WP, Kitsiou C, Taylor RJK. An Expedient Protecting-Group-Free Total Synthesis of (±)-Dievodiamine. Org Lett 2013; 15:3302-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4013469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William P. Unsworth
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Christiana Kitsiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
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