1
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Giraldo JD, García Y, Vera M, Garrido-Miranda KA, Andrade-Acuña D, Marrugo KP, Rivas BL, Schoebitz M. Alternative processes to produce chitin, chitosan, and their oligomers. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 332:121924. [PMID: 38431399 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable recovery of chitin and its derivatives from shellfish waste will be achieved when the industrial production of these polymers is achieved with a high control of their molecular structure, low costs, and acceptable levels of pollution. Therefore, the conventional chemical method for obtaining these biopolymers needs to be replaced or optimized. The goal of the present review is to ascertain what alternative methods are viable for the industrial-scale production of chitin, chitosan, and their oligomers. Therefore, a detailed review of recent literature was undertaken, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The analysis of the existing data allows suggesting that combining conventional, biological, and alternative methods is the most efficient strategy to achieve sustainable production, preventing negative impacts and allowing for the recovery of high added-value compounds from shellfish waste. In conclusion, a new process for obtaining chitinous materials is suggested, with the potential of reducing the consumption of reagents, energy, and water by at least 1/10, 1/4, and 1/3 part with respect to the conventional process, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Giraldo
- Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Sede Puerto Montt, Balneario Pelluco, Los Pinos s/n, Chile.
| | - Yadiris García
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Autopista Concepción-Talcahuano 7100, Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Myleidi Vera
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Karla A Garrido-Miranda
- Center of Waste Management and Bioenergy, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center (CGNA), Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Daniela Andrade-Acuña
- Centro de Docencia Superior en Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Sede Puerto Montt, Los Pinos s/n. Balneario Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Kelly P Marrugo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela de Química, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; Centro de Investigaciones en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados, CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Bernabé L Rivas
- Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Concepción 4080871, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mauricio Schoebitz
- Departamento de Suelos y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Agronomía, Campus Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Universidad de Concepción, Chile; Laboratory of Biofilms and Environmental Microbiology, Center of Biotechnology, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile
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2
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Li Z, Shen W, Cao C, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Xue W. Thiourea-Cu(OTf) 2/NIS-synergistically promoted stereoselective glycoside formation with 2-azidoselenoglycosides or thioglycosides as donors. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2137-2144. [PMID: 38385160 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00064a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
A novel promoter system for glycosylation is described. A catalytic amount of thiourea and Cu(OTf)2 together with a slight excess of N-iodosuccinimide synergistically promotes glycosylation at room temperature. The combination of reagents applies to some 2-azidoselenoglycoside and thioglycoside donors. A wide range of alcoholic acceptors underwent smooth conversion to O-(2-azido)glycosides with good stereoselectivities. In addition, the value of this method has been highlighted by its convenient operation and outstanding functional group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuowa Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Wenyan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Changyu Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaoyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Yaosheng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Weihua Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
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3
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Ding H, Lv J, Zhang XL, Xu Y, Zhang YH, Liu XW. Efficient O- and S-glycosylation with ortho-2,2-dimethoxycarbonylcyclopropylbenzyl thioglycoside donors by catalytic strain-release. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3711-3720. [PMID: 38455029 PMCID: PMC10915852 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06619c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We herein present a strain-release glycosylation method employing a rationally designed ortho-2,2-dimethoxycarbonylcyclopropylbenzyl (CCPB) thioglycoside donor. The donor is activated through the nucleophilic ring-opening of a remotely activable donor-acceptor cyclopropane (DAC) catalyzed by mild Sc(OTf)3. Our new glycosylation method efficiently synthesizes O-, N-, and S-glycosides, providing facile chemical access to the challenging S-glycosides. Because the activation conditions of conventional glycosyl donors and our CCPB thioglycoside are orthogonal, our novel donor is amenable to controlled one-pot glycosylation reactions with conventional donors for expeditious access to complex glycans. The strain-release glycosylation is applied to the assembly of a tetrasaccharide of O-polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O-33 in one pot and the synthesis of a 1,1'-S-linked glycoside oral galectin-3 (Gal-3) inhibitor, TD139, to demonstrate the versatility and effectiveness of the novel method for constructing both O- and S-glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ding
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore
| | - Jian Lv
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore
| | - Xiao-Lin Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore
| | - Yuan Xu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore
| | - Yu-Han Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266003 China
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4
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Dias C, Commin L, Bonnefont-Rebeix C, Buff S, Bruyère P, Trombotto S. Comparative Evaluation of the In Vitro Cytotoxicity of a Series of Chitosans and Chitooligosaccharides Water-Soluble at Physiological pH. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3679. [PMID: 37765533 PMCID: PMC10537996 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosans (CS) have been of great interest due to their properties and numerous applications. However, CS have poor solubility in neutral and basic media, which limits their use in these conditions. In contrast, chitooligosaccharides (COS) have better solubility in water and lower viscosity in aqueous solutions whilst maintaining interesting biological properties. CS and COS, unlike other sugars, are not single polymers with a defined structure but are groups of molecules with modifiable structural parameters, allowing the adaptation and optimization of their properties. The great versatility of CS and COS makes these molecules very attractive for different applications, such as cryopreservation. Here, we investigated the effect of the degree of polymerization (DP), degree of N-acetylation (DA) and concentration of a series of synthesized CS and COS, water-soluble at physiological pH, on their cytotoxicity in an L929 fibroblast cell culture. Our results demonstrated that CS and COS showed no sign of toxicity regarding cell viability at low concentrations (≤10 mg/mL), independently of their DP and DA, whereas a compromising effect on cell viability was observed at a high concentration (100 mg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Dias
- UPSP 2021.A104 ICE, Interaction Cellule Environnement, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France; (L.C.); (C.B.-R.); (S.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Loris Commin
- UPSP 2021.A104 ICE, Interaction Cellule Environnement, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France; (L.C.); (C.B.-R.); (S.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Catherine Bonnefont-Rebeix
- UPSP 2021.A104 ICE, Interaction Cellule Environnement, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France; (L.C.); (C.B.-R.); (S.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Samuel Buff
- UPSP 2021.A104 ICE, Interaction Cellule Environnement, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France; (L.C.); (C.B.-R.); (S.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Pierre Bruyère
- UPSP 2021.A104 ICE, Interaction Cellule Environnement, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France; (L.C.); (C.B.-R.); (S.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Stéphane Trombotto
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France;
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5
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Ding H, Lyu J, Zhang XL, Xiao X, Liu XW. Efficient and versatile formation of glycosidic bonds via catalytic strain-release glycosylation with glycosyl ortho-2,2-dimethoxycarbonylcyclopropylbenzoate donors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4010. [PMID: 37419914 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39619-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalytic glycosylation is a vital transformation in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry due to its ability to expediate the large-scale oligosaccharide synthesis for glycobiology studies with the consumption of minimal amounts of promoters. Herein we introduce a facile and efficient catalytic glycosylation employing glycosyl ortho-2,2-dimethoxycarbonylcyclopropylbenzoates (CCBz) promoted by a readily accessible and non-toxic Sc(III) catalyst system. The glycosylation reaction involves a novel activation mode of glycosyl esters driven by the ring-strain release of an intramolecularly incorporated donor-acceptor cyclopropane (DAC). The versatile glycosyl CCBz donor enables highly efficient construction of O-, S-, and N-glycosidic bonds under mild conditions, as exemplified by the convenient preparation of the synthetically challenging chitooligosaccharide derivatives. Of note, a gram-scale synthesis of tetrasaccharide corresponding to Lipid IV with modifiable handles is achieved using the catalytic strain-release glycosylation. These attractive features promise this donor to be the prototype for developing next generation of catalytic glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ding
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jian Lyu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Lin Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xiong Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P.R. China.
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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6
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Li D, Wang J, Wang X, Qiao Z, Wang L, Wang P, Song N, Li M. β-Glycosylations with 2-Deoxy-2-(2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl)-amino-glucosyl/galactosyl Selenoglycosides: Assembly of Partially N-Acetylated β-(1 → 6)-Oligoglucosaminosides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:9004-9025. [PMID: 37306475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An efficient protocol has been established for β-glycosylations with 2-deoxy-2-(2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl)amino (2dDNsNH)-glucopyranosyl/galactopyranosyl selenoglycosides using PhSeCl/AgOTf as an activating system. The reaction features highly β-selective glycosylation with a wide range of alcohol acceptors that are either sterically hindered or poorly nucleophilic. Thioglycoside- and selenoglycoside-based alcohols prove to be viable nucleophiles, opening up new opportunities for one-pot construction of oligosaccharides. The power of this approach is highlighted by the efficient assembly of tri-, hexa-, and nonasaccharides composed of β-(1 → 6)-glucosaminosyl residues based on one-pot preparation of a triglucosaminosyl thioglycoside with DNs, phthaloyl, and 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl as the protecting groups of amino groups. These glycans are potential antigens for developing glycoconjugate vaccines against microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Li
- Molecular Synthesis Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Molecular Synthesis Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xianyang Wang
- Molecular Synthesis Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhi Qiao
- Molecular Synthesis Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lingjun Wang
- Molecular Synthesis Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Molecular Synthesis Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ni Song
- Molecular Synthesis Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ming Li
- Molecular Synthesis Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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7
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Alves I, Santos-Pereira B, de la Cruz N, Campar A, Pinto V, Rodrigues PM, Araújo M, Santos S, Ramos-Soriano J, Vasconcelos C, Silva R, Afonso N, Mira F, Barrias CC, Alves NL, Rojo J, Santos L, Marinho A, Pinho SS. Host-derived mannose glycans trigger a pathogenic γδ T cell/IL-17a axis in autoimmunity. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabo1930. [PMID: 36921032 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo1930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are life-threatening disorders that cause increasing disability over time. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases arise when immune stimuli override mechanisms of self-tolerance. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that protein glycosylation is substantially altered in autoimmune disease development, but the mechanisms by which glycans trigger these autoreactive immune responses are still largely unclear. In this study, we found that presence of microbial-associated mannose structures at the surface of the kidney triggers the recognition of DC-SIGN-expressing γδ T cells, inducing a pathogenic interleukin-17a (IL-17a)-mediated autoimmune response. Mice lacking Mgat5, which have a higher abundance of mannose structures in the kidney, displayed increased γδ T cell infiltration into the kidney that was associated with spontaneous development of lupus in older mice. N-acetylglucosamine supplementation, which promoted biosynthesis of tolerogenic branched N-glycans in the kidney, was found to inhibit γδ T cell infiltration and control disease development. Together, this work reveals a mannose-γδ T cell-IL-17a axis in SLE immunopathogenesis and highlights glycometabolic reprogramming as a therapeutic strategy for autoimmune disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Alves
- i3s - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Santos-Pereira
- i3s - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Noelia de la Cruz
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Campar
- i3s - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanda Pinto
- i3s - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Rodrigues
- i3s - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco Araújo
- i3s - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Santos
- Nephrology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - Javier Ramos-Soriano
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Vasconcelos
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - Roberto Silva
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitário São João do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Afonso
- Department of Nephrology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipe Mira
- Department of Nephrology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina C Barrias
- i3s - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno L Alves
- i3s - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Javier Rojo
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lélita Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Marinho
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - Salomé S Pinho
- i3s - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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8
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Gao K, Qin Y, Liu S, Wang L, Xing R, Yu H, Chen X, Li P. A review of the preparation, derivatization and functions of glucosamine and N-acetyl-glucosamine from chitin. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2023.100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
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9
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Giraldo JD, Garrido-Miranda KA, Schoebitz M. Chitin and its derivatives: Functional biopolymers for developing bioproducts for sustainable agriculture-A reality? Carbohydr Polym 2023; 299:120196. [PMID: 36876809 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chitinous materials (chitin and its derivatives) are obtained from renewable sources, mainly shellfish waste, having a great potential for the development of bioproducts as alternatives to synthetic agrochemicals. Recent studies have provided evidence that the use of these biopolymers can help control postharvest diseases, increase the content of nutrients available to plants, and elicit positive metabolic changes that lead to higher plant resistance against pathogens. However, agrochemicals are still widely and intensively used in agriculture. This perspective addresses the gap in knowledge and innovation to make bioproducts based on chitinous materials more competitive in the market. It also provides the readers with background to understand why these products are scarcely used and the aspects that need to be considered to increase their use. Finally, information on the development and commercialization of agricultural bioproducts containing chitin or its derivatives in the Chilean market is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Giraldo
- Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Sede Puerto Montt, Balneario Pelluco, Los Pinos s/n, Chile.
| | - Karla A Garrido-Miranda
- Center of Waste Management and Bioenergy, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de la Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center (CGNA), Temuco 4780000, Chile.
| | - Mauricio Schoebitz
- Departamento de Suelos y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Agronomía, Campus Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Universidad de Concepción, Chile; Laboratory of Biofilms and Environmental Microbiology, Center of Biotechnology, University of Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile.
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10
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Rahman MA, Kuroda K, Endo H, Sasaki N, Hamada T, Sakai H, Nokami T. Synthesis of protected precursors of chitin oligosaccharides by electrochemical polyglycosylation of thioglycosides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1133-1139. [PMID: 36105733 PMCID: PMC9443410 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of protected precursors of chitin oligosaccharides by electrochemical polyglycosylation of thioglycosides as monomer is described. Oligosaccharides up to the hexasaccharide were synthesized under optimized reaction conditions. Further, a modified method enabled the synthesis of oligosaccharides up to the octasaccharide by repeating electrolysis with additional monomers. The mechanism of the electrochemical polyglycosylation is also discussed, based on the oxidation potential of the monomer and oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Azadur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori City, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan
| | - Kana Kuroda
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori City, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Endo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori City, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori City, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori City, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Hamada
- Koganei Corporation, 3-11-28 Midorimachi, Koganei City, 184-8533 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiraku Sakai
- Koganei Corporation, 3-11-28 Midorimachi, Koganei City, 184-8533 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori City, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori City, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan
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11
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Impact of HILIC Amino-Based Column Equilibration Conditions on the Analysis of Chitooligosaccharides. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-021-04109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Abstract
Saponins are a large family of amphiphilic glycosides of steroids and triterpenes found in plants and some marine organisms. By expressing a large diversity of structures on both sugar chains and aglycones, saponins exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties and serve as major active principles in folk medicines, especially in traditional Chinese medicines. Isolation of saponins from natural sources is usually a formidable task due to the microheterogeneity of saponins in Nature. Chemical synthesis can provide access to large amounts of natural saponins as well as congeners for understanding their structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action. This article presents a comprehensive account on chemical synthesis of saponins. First highlighted are general considerations on saponin synthesis, including preparation of aglycones and carbohydrate building blocks, assembly strategies, and protecting-group strategies. Next described is the state of the art in the synthesis of each type of saponins, with an emphasis on those representative saponins having sophisticated structures and potent biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Stephane Laval
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.
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13
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Zhang Y, Xiao G. Chemical synthesis of TMG-chitotriomycin. J Carbohydr Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2021.2009504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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14
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Rousseau A, Armand S, Cottaz S, Fort S. Size-Controlled Synthesis of β(1→4)-GlcNAc Oligosaccharides Using an Endo-Glycosynthase. Chemistry 2021; 27:17637-17646. [PMID: 34633724 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chitin and peptidoglycan fragments are well recognized as pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Long-chain oligosaccharides of β(1→4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) units indeed activate plants and mammals innate immune system. However, the mechanisms underlying PAMPs perception by lysine motif (LysM) domain receptors remain largely unknown because of insufficient availability of high-affinity molecular probes. Here, we report a two-enzyme cascade to synthesize long-chain β(1→4)-linked GlcNAc oligomers. Expression of the D52S mutant of hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) in Pichia pastoris at 52 mg L-1 provided a new glycosynthase catalyzing efficient polymerization of α-chitintriosyl fluoride. Selective N-deacetylation at the non-reducing unit of the glycosyl fluoride donor by Sinorhizobium meliloti NodB chitin-N-deacetylase abolished its ability to be polymerized by the glycosynthase but not to be transferred onto an acceptor. Using NodB and D52S HEWL in a one-pot cascade reaction allowed the synthesis on a milligram scale of chitin hexa-, hepta- and octasaccharides with yields up to 65 % and a perfect control over their size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvie Armand
- CERMAV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvain Cottaz
- CERMAV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Sébastien Fort
- CERMAV, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000, Grenoble, France
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15
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Fittolani G, Tyrikos-Ergas T, Vargová D, Chaube MA, Delbianco M. Progress and challenges in the synthesis of sequence controlled polysaccharides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1981-2025. [PMID: 34386106 PMCID: PMC8353590 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The sequence, length and substitution of a polysaccharide influence its physical and biological properties. Thus, sequence controlled polysaccharides are important targets to establish structure-properties correlations. Polymerization techniques and enzymatic methods have been optimized to obtain samples with well-defined substitution patterns and narrow molecular weight distribution. Chemical synthesis has granted access to polysaccharides with full control over the length. Here, we review the progress towards the synthesis of well-defined polysaccharides. For each class of polysaccharides, we discuss the available synthetic approaches and their current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Fittolani
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Theodore Tyrikos-Ergas
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Denisa Vargová
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Manishkumar A Chaube
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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16
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Mousavi H. A comprehensive survey upon diverse and prolific applications of chitosan-based catalytic systems in one-pot multi-component synthesis of heterocyclic rings. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:1003-1166. [PMID: 34174311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds are among the most prestigious and valuable chemical molecules with diverse and magnificent applications in various sciences. Due to the remarkable and numerous properties of the heterocyclic frameworks, the development of efficient and convenient synthetic methods for the preparation of such outstanding compounds is of great importance. Undoubtedly, catalysis has a conspicuous role in modern chemical synthesis and green chemistry. Therefore, when designing a chemical reaction, choosing and or preparing powerful and environmentally benign simple catalysts or complicated catalytic systems for an acceleration of the chemical reaction is a pivotal part of work for synthetic chemists. Chitosan, as a biocompatible and biodegradable pseudo-natural polysaccharide is one of the excellent choices for the preparation of suitable catalytic systems due to its unique properties. In this review paper, every effort has been made to cover all research articles in the field of one-pot synthesis of heterocyclic frameworks in the presence of chitosan-based catalytic systems, which were published roughly by the first quarter of 2020. It is hoped that this review paper can be a little help to synthetic scientists, methodologists, and catalyst designers, both on the laboratory and industrial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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17
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Optimizing Chitin Depolymerization by Lysozyme to Long-Chain Oligosaccharides. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19060320. [PMID: 34072871 PMCID: PMC8229320 DOI: 10.3390/md19060320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin oligosaccharides (COs) hold high promise as organic fertilizers in the ongoing agro-ecological transition. Short- and long-chain COs can contribute to the establishment of symbiotic associations between plants and microorganisms, facilitating the uptake of soil nutrients by host plants. Long-chain COs trigger plant innate immunity. A fine investigation of these different signaling pathways requires improving the access to high-purity COs. Here, we used the response surface methodology to optimize the production of COs by enzymatic hydrolysis of water-soluble chitin (WSC) with hen egg-white lysozyme. The influence of WSC concentration, its acetylation degree, and the reaction time course were modelled using a Box–Behnken design. Under optimized conditions, water-soluble COs up to the nonasaccharide were formed in 51% yield and purified to homogeneity. This straightforward approach opens new avenues to determine the complex roles of COs in plants.
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18
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Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of Different Families of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Bioactive Properties. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11073212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are homo- or hetero-oligomers of D-glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) that can be obtained by chitosan or chitin hydrolysis. Their enzymatic production is preferred over other methodologies (physical, chemical, etc.) due to the mild conditions required, the fewer amounts of waste and its efficiency to control product composition. By properly selecting the enzyme (chitinase, chitosanase or nonspecific enzymes) and the substrate properties (degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, etc.), it is possible to direct the synthesis towards any of the three COS types: fully acetylated (faCOS), partially acetylated (paCOS) and fully deacetylated (fdCOS). In this article, we review the main strategies to steer the COS production towards a specific group. The chemical characterization of COS by advanced techniques, e.g., high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, is critical for structure–function studies. The scaling of processes to synthesize specific COS mixtures is difficult due to the low solubility of chitin/chitosan, the heterogeneity of the reaction mixtures, and high amounts of salts. Enzyme immobilization can help to minimize such hurdles. The main bioactive properties of COS are herein reviewed. Finally, the anti-inflammatory activity of three COS mixtures was assayed in murine macrophages after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides.
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19
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He H, Xu L, Sun R, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Chen Z, Li P, Yang R, Xiao G. An orthogonal and reactivity-based one-pot glycosylation strategy for both glycan and nucleoside synthesis: access to TMG-chitotriomycin, lipochitooligosaccharides and capuramycin. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5143-5151. [PMID: 34163751 PMCID: PMC8179548 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06815b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Both glycans (O-glycosides) and nucleosides (N-glycosides) play important roles in numerous biological processes. Chemical synthesis is a reliable and effective means to solve the attainability issues of these essential biomolecules. However, due to the stereo- and regiochemical issues during glycan assembly, together with problems including the poor solubility and nucleophilicity of nucleobases in nucleoside synthesis, the development of one-pot glycosylation strategies toward efficient synthesis of both glycans and nucleosides remains poor and challenging. Here, we report the first orthogonal and reactivity-based one-pot glycosylation strategy suitable for both glycan and nucleoside synthesis on the basis of glycosyl ortho-(1-phenylvinyl)benzoates. This one-pot glycosylation strategy not only inherits the advantages including no aglycon transfers, no undesired interference of departing species, and no unpleasant odors associated with the previously developed orthogonal one-pot glycosylation strategy based on glycosyl ortho-alkynylbenzoates, but also highly expands the scope (glycans and nucleosides) and increases the number of leaving groups that could be employed for the multistep one-pot synthesis (up to the formation of four different glycosidic bonds). In particular, the current one-pot glycosylation strategy is successfully applied to the total synthesis of a promising tuberculosis drug lead capuramycin and the divergent and formal synthesis of TMG-chitotriomycin with potent and specific inhibition activities toward β-N-acetylglucosaminidases and important endosymbiotic lipochitooligosaccharides including the Nod factor and the Myc factor, which represents one of the most efficient and straightforward synthetic routes toward these biologically salient molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China
| | - Lili Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China
| | - Roujing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China
| | - Yunqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China
| | - Yingying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China
| | - Zixi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China
| | - Penghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China
| | - Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China
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20
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Tyrikos‐Ergas T, Bordoni V, Fittolani G, Chaube MA, Grafmüller A, Seeberger PH, Delbianco M. Systematic Structural Characterization of Chitooligosaccharides Enabled by Automated Glycan Assembly. Chemistry 2021; 27:2321-2325. [PMID: 33290603 PMCID: PMC7898498 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chitin, a polymer composed of β(1-4)-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine monomers, and its partially deacetylated analogue chitosan, are abundant biopolymers with outstanding mechanical as well as elastic properties. Their degradation products, chitooligosaccharides (COS), can trigger the innate immune response in humans and plants. Both material and biological properties are dependent on polymer length, acetylation, as well as the pH. Without well-defined samples, a complete molecular description of these factors is still missing. Automated glycan assembly (AGA) enabled rapid access to synthetic well-defined COS. Chitin-cellulose hybrid oligomers were prepared as important tools for a systematic structural analysis. Intramolecular interactions, identified by molecular dynamics simulations and NMR analysis, underscore the importance of the chitosan amino group for the stabilization of specific geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Tyrikos‐Ergas
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Vittorio Bordoni
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Giulio Fittolani
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Manishkumar A. Chaube
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Andrea Grafmüller
- Department of TheoryMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
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21
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Zhang L, Xu P, Liu B, Yu B. Chemical Synthesis of Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate Oligosaccharides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15908-15919. [PMID: 32567313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (FuCSs) are a unique type of polysaccharides occurring in sea cucumber that show a variety of biological activities. In particular, well-defined FuCS oligosaccharides, consisting of a trisaccharide repeating unit of β-d-GalNAc(4,6-diS)-(1→4)-[α-l-Fuc(2,4-diS)-(1→3)]-β-d-GlcUA, display potent anticoagulant activity via selective inhibition of the intrinsic tenase, which could be developed into anticoagulant drugs without bleeding risk. Herein, we report an effective approach to the synthesis of FuCS oligosaccharides, as demonstrated by the successful elaboration of FuCS tri-, hexa-, and nonasaccharides. The syntheses employ an orthogonally protected trisaccharide as a pivotal building block that can be readily converted into the donor and acceptor for glycosidic coupling. In addition, the internal patterns of protecting groups, involving N-trichloroacetyl for N-acetyl group, benzylidene and benzyl groups for sulfonated hydroxyl groups, and benzoyl and methyl esters for free hydroxyl and carboxylic acid, respectively, ensure stereoselective formation of the glycosidic linkages and sequential transformation into the desired FuCS oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhong Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024,, China
| | - Benzhang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024,, China
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22
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Assembly of Peptidoglycan Fragments-A Synthetic Challenge. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110392. [PMID: 33203094 PMCID: PMC7696421 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidoglycan (PGN) is a major constituent of most bacterial cell walls that is recognized as a primary target of the innate immune system. The availability of pure PGN molecules has become key to different biological studies. This review aims to (1) provide an overview of PGN biosynthesis, focusing on the main biosynthetic intermediates; (2) focus on the challenges for chemical synthesis posed by the unique and complex structure of PGN; and (3) cover the synthetic routes of PGN fragments developed to date. The key difficulties in the synthesis of PGN molecules mainly involve stereoselective glycosylation involving NAG derivatives. The complex synthesis of the carbohydrate backbone commonly involves multistep sequences of chemical reactions to install the lactyl moiety at the O-3 position of NAG derivatives and to control enantioselective glycosylation. Recent advances are presented and synthetic routes are described according to the main strategy used: (i) based on the availability of starting materials such as glucosamine derivatives; (ii) based on a particular orthogonal synthesis; and (iii) based on the use of other natural biopolymers as raw materials.
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23
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Li K, Xing R, Liu S, Li P. Chitin and Chitosan Fragments Responsible for Plant Elicitor and Growth Stimulator. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12203-12211. [PMID: 33095004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chitin and chitosan are natural polysaccharides with huge application potential in agriculture, such as promoting plant growth, eliciting plant resistance against biotic and abiotic stress, and activating symbiotic signaling between plants and beneficial microorganisms. Chitin and chitosan offer a sustainable alternative for future crop production. The bioactivities of chitin and chitosan closely depend on their structural factors, including molecular size, degree of acetylation, and pattern of acetylation. It is of great significance to identify the key fragments in chitin and chitosan chains that are responsible for these agricultural bioactivities. Herein, we review the recent progress in the structure-function relationship of chitin and chitosan in the field of agriculture application. The preparation of chitin and chitosan fragments and their action mode for plant protection and growth are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ronge Xing
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Song Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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24
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Review: Advances in preparation of chitooligosaccharides with heterogeneous sequences and their bioactivity. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 252:117206. [PMID: 33183640 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides has attracted increasing attention due to their diverse bioactivities and potential application. Previous studies on the bioactivity of chitooligosaccharides were mostly carried out using a mixture. The structure-function relationship of chitooligosaccharides is not clear. Recently, it is confirmed that chitooligosaccharides with different degrees of polymerization play different roles in many bioactivities. However, heterogeneous chitooligosaccharides with a single degree of polymerization is still a mixture of many uncertain sequences and it is difficult to determine which structure is responsible for biological effects. Therefore, an interesting and challenging field of studying chitooligosaccharides with heterogeneous sequences has emerged. Herein, we reviewed the current methods for preparing heterogeneous chitooligosaccharides, including chemical synthesis, separation techniques and enzymatic methods. Advances in the bioactivities of chitooligosaccharides with heterogeneous sequences are also reviewed.
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25
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Abronina PI, Zinin AI, Chizhov AO, Kononov LO. Unusual Outcome of Glycosylation: Hydrogen‐Bond Mediated Control of Stereoselectivity by
N
‐Trifluoroacetyl Group? European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Polina I. Abronina
- N.K. Kochetkov Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Leninsky prosp. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I. Zinin
- N.K. Kochetkov Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Leninsky prosp. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O. Chizhov
- N.K. Kochetkov Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Leninsky prosp. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Leonid O. Kononov
- N.K. Kochetkov Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Leninsky prosp. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
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26
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Basa S, Nampally M, Honorato T, Das SN, Podile AR, El Gueddari NE, Moerschbacher BM. The Pattern of Acetylation Defines the Priming Activity of Chitosan Tetramers. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1975-1986. [PMID: 31895979 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The biological activity of chitosans depends on their degree of polymerization (DP) and degree of acetylation (DA). However, information could also be carried by the pattern of acetylation (PA): the sequence of β-1,4-linked glucosamine (deacetylated/D) and N-acetylglucosamine (acetylated/A) units. To address this hypothesis, we prepared partially acetylated chitosan oligosaccharides from a chitosan polymer (DA = 35%, DPw = 905) using recombinant chitosan hydrolases with distinct substrate and cleavage specificities. The mixtures were separated into fractions DP4-DP12, which were tested for elicitor and priming activities in rice cells. We confirmed that both activities were influenced by DP, but also observed apparent DA-dependent priming activity, with the ADDD+DADD fraction proving remarkably effective. We then compared all four monoacetylated tetramers prepared using different chitin deacetylases and observed significant differences in priming activity. This demonstrates for the first time that PA influences the biological activity of chitosans, which can now be recognized as bona fide information-carrying molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Basa
- University of Münster , Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants , Schlossplatz 8 , 48143 Münster , Germany
| | - Malathi Nampally
- University of Münster , Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants , Schlossplatz 8 , 48143 Münster , Germany
| | - Talita Honorato
- University of Münster , Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants , Schlossplatz 8 , 48143 Münster , Germany
| | - Subha N Das
- University of Münster , Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants , Schlossplatz 8 , 48143 Münster , Germany.,University of Hyderabad , Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences , Hyderabad , India
| | - Appa R Podile
- University of Hyderabad , Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences , Hyderabad , India
| | - Nour E El Gueddari
- University of Münster , Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants , Schlossplatz 8 , 48143 Münster , Germany
| | - Bruno M Moerschbacher
- University of Münster , Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants , Schlossplatz 8 , 48143 Münster , Germany
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27
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Queda F, Covas G, Silva T, Santos CA, Bronze MR, Cañada FJ, Corvo MC, Filipe SR, Marques MMB. A top-down chemo-enzymatic approach towards N-acetylglucosamine-N-acetylmuramic oligosaccharides: Chitosan as a reliable template. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 224:115133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Reducing-end “clickable” functionalizations of chitosan oligomers for the synthesis of chitosan-based diblock copolymers. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 219:387-394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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29
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Sousa AJS, Silva CFB, Sousa JS, Monteiro JE, Freire JEC, Sousa BL, Lobo MDP, Monteiro-Moreira ACO, Grangeiro TB. A thermostable chitinase from the antagonistic Chromobacterium violaceum that inhibits the development of phytopathogenic fungi. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 126:50-61. [PMID: 31000164 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The biocontrol activity of some soil strains of Chromobacterium sp. against pathogenic fungi has been attributed to secreted chitinases. The aim of this work was to characterize biochemically a recombinant chitinase (CvChi47) from C. violaceum ATCC 12472 and to investigate its effects on phytopathogenic fungi. CvChi47 is a modular enzyme with 450 amino acid residues, containing a type I signal peptide at the N-terminal region, followed by one catalytic domain belonging to family 18 of the glycoside hydrolases, and two type-3 chitin-binding domains at the C-terminal end. The recombinant enzyme was expressed in Escherichia coli as a His-tagged protein and purified to homogeneity. The native signal peptide of CvChi47 was used to direct its secretion into the culture medium, from where the recombinant product was purified by affinity chromatography on chitin and immobilized metal. The purified protein showed an apparent molecular mass of 46 kDa, as estimated by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating the removal of the signal peptide. CvChi47 was a thermostable protein, retaining approximately 53.7% of its activity when heated at 100 °C for 1 h. The optimum hydrolytic activity was observed at 60 °C and pH 5. The recombinant chitinase inhibited the conidia germination of the phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum and F. guttiforme, hence preventing mycelial growth. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy experiments revealed a pronounced morphological alteration of the cell surface of conidia incubated with CvChi47 in comparison to untreated cells. Taken together, these results show the potential of CvChi47 as a molecular tool to control plant diseases caused by these Fusarium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio J S Sousa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Christiana F B Silva
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Laboratório de Patologia Pós-colheita, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jeanlex S Sousa
- Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências, UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - José E Monteiro
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências, UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - José E C Freire
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências, UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Bruno L Sousa
- Faculdade de Filosofia Dom Aureliano Matos, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Av. Dom Aureliano Matos, 2060, Limoeiro do Norte, CE, 62930-000, Brazil
| | - Marina D P Lobo
- Núcleo de Biologia Experimental (Nubex), Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana C O Monteiro-Moreira
- Núcleo de Biologia Experimental (Nubex), Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Thalles B Grangeiro
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências, UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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30
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Zhuang L, Chen Y, Lou Q, Yang Y. Synthesis of the β-linked GalNAc-Kdo disaccharide antigen of the capsular polysaccharide of Kingella kingae KK01. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1694-1697. [PMID: 30346002 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The first construction of the challenging β-(1 → 5)-linked GalNAc-Kdo skeleton is described for the synthesis of the disaccharide antigen of the capsular polysaccharide of Kingella kingae KK01. TfOH-catalyzed glycosylation of N-Troc-protected d-galactosaminyl N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate with a sterically hindered 5-hydroxyl group of the β-Kdo building block in toluene proceeded smoothly to provide the desired disaccharide in excellent yield with satisfactory β-selectivity. An optimal sequence for the deprotection of the disaccharide skeleton was found to access the disaccharide antigen of Kingella kingae KK01 for further immunological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Zhuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China, University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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31
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Sun L, Wang R, Wang X, Dang Y, Li W, Yu B. Synthesis and antiproliferative activities of OSW-1 analogues bearing 2-acylamino-xylose residues. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00462a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized 38 OSW-1 analogues with 2-acylamino xylose residues and found that the antitumor activities could be greatly enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
| | - Ruina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine
- the Ministry of Education
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Fudan University
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine
- the Ministry of Education
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Fudan University
| | - Yongjun Dang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine
- the Ministry of Education
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Fudan University
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
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32
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Carvalho LCR, Queda F, Almeida CV, Filipe SR, Marques MMB. From a Natural Polymer to Relevant NAG‐NAM Precursors. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luísa C. R. Carvalho
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de Lisboa Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Fausto Queda
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de Lisboa Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Cátia V. Almeida
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de Lisboa Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Sérgio R. Filipe
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de Lisboa Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
- Laboratory of Bacterial Cell Surfaces and Pathogenesis, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e BiológicaUniversidade Nova de Lisboa 2780-157 Oeiras Portugal
| | - M. Manuel B. Marques
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de Lisboa Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
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Influence of chitosan oligosaccharide on the gelling and wound healing properties of injectable hydrogels based on carboxymethyl chitosan/alginate polyelectrolyte complexes. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 205:312-321. [PMID: 30446110 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In situ injectable hydrogels for wound healing based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and alginate were developed in this work. The liquid mixture of CMCS and alginate solutions formed a gel by polyelectrolyte complexation after addition of d-glucono-δ-lactone (GDL), which slowly hydrolyzed and donated protons. When chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) was added into the mixture, a two-stage gelling process occurred. The primary gelling process was similar to that of the hydrogel without COS, while the secondary gelling process appeared about 20 min later, and much stronger hydrogels with storage modulus G' about 1 MPa, 104 times higher, were obtained. COS also significantly influenced the microstructure of hydrogels as well as their biological activities. The hydrogels with 0.5% of COS significantly promoted proliferation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs). These injectable hydrogels, especially when COS was added, remarkably accelerated the wound healing process in a mouse skin defect model. Microscopic wound analysis showed an increase of the thickness and integrity of epidermal tissue, increased formation of collagen fibers, and enhanced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor as compared to the control group.
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Santos-Moriano P, Kidibule PE, Alleyne E, Ballesteros AO, Heras A, Fernandez-Lobato M, Plou FJ. Efficient conversion of chitosan into chitooligosaccharides by a chitosanolytic activity from Bacillus thuringiensis. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Metabolic engineering for the production of chitooligosaccharides: advances and perspectives. Emerg Top Life Sci 2018; 2:377-388. [DOI: 10.1042/etls20180009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chitin oligosaccharides (CTOs) and its related compounds chitosan oligosaccharides (CSOs), collectively known as chitooligosaccharides (COs), exhibit numerous biological activities in applications in the nutraceutical, cosmetics, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries. COs are currently produced by acid hydrolysis of chitin or chitosan, or enzymatic techniques with uncontrollable polymerization. Microbial fermentation by recombinant Escherichia coli, as an alternative method for the production of COs, shows new potential because it can produce a well-defined COs mixture and is an environmentally friendly process. In addition, Bacillus subtilis, a nonpathogenic, endotoxin-free, GRAS status bacterium, presents a new opportunity as a platform to produce COs. Here, we review the applications of COs and differences between CTOs and CSOs, summarize the current preparation approaches of COs, and discuss the future research potentials and challenges in the production of well-defined COs in B. subtilis by metabolic engineering.
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Beau JM, Boyer FD, Norsikian S, Urban D, Vauzeilles B, Xolin A. Glycosylation: The Direct Synthesis of 2-Acetamido-2-Deoxy-Sugar Glycosides. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Beau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay; Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA; AgroParisTech, CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 78000 Versailles France
| | - Stéphanie Norsikian
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Dominique Urban
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay; Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Boris Vauzeilles
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay; Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Amandine Xolin
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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Kidibule PE, Santos-Moriano P, Jiménez-Ortega E, Ramírez-Escudero M, Limón MC, Remacha M, Plou FJ, Sanz-Aparicio J, Fernández-Lobato M. Use of chitin and chitosan to produce new chitooligosaccharides by chitinase Chit42: enzymatic activity and structural basis of protein specificity. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:47. [PMID: 29566690 PMCID: PMC5863366 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chitinases are ubiquitous enzymes that have gained a recent biotechnological attention due to their ability to transform biological waste from chitin into valued chito-oligomers with wide agricultural, industrial or medical applications. The biological activity of these molecules is related to their size and acetylation degree. Chitinase Chit42 from Trichoderma harzianum hydrolyses chitin oligomers with a minimal of three N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) units. Gene chit42 was previously characterized, and according to its sequence, the encoded protein included in the structural Glycoside Hydrolase family GH18. Results Chit42 was expressed in Pichia pastoris using fed-batch fermentation to about 3 g/L. Protein heterologously expressed showed similar biochemical properties to those expressed by the natural producer (42 kDa, optima pH 5.5–6.5 and 30–40 °C). In addition to hydrolyse colloidal chitin, this enzyme released reducing sugars from commercial chitosan of different sizes and acetylation degrees. Chit42 hydrolysed colloidal chitin at least 10-times more efficiently (defined by the kcat/Km ratio) than any of the assayed chitosan. Production of partially acetylated chitooligosaccharides was confirmed in reaction mixtures using HPAEC-PAD chromatography and mass spectrometry. Masses corresponding to (d-glucosamine)1–8-GlcNAc were identified from the hydrolysis of different substrates. Crystals from Chit42 were grown and the 3D structure determined at 1.8 Å resolution, showing the expected folding described for other GH18 chitinases, and a characteristic groove shaped substrate-binding site, able to accommodate at least six sugar units. Detailed structural analysis allows depicting the features of the Chit42 specificity, and explains the chemical nature of the partially acetylated molecules obtained from analysed substrates. Conclusions Chitinase Chit42 was expressed in a heterologous system to levels never before achieved. The enzyme produced small partially acetylated chitooligosaccharides, which have enormous biotechnological potential in medicine and food. Chit42 3D structure was characterized and analysed. Production and understanding of how the enzymes generating bioactive chito-oligomers work is essential for their biotechnological application, and paves the way for future work to take advantage of chitinolytic activities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-0895-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Elias Kidibule
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre for Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), University Autonomous from Madrid, C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Santos-Moriano
- Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, CSIC, C/ Marie Curie, 2, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Jiménez-Ortega
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano (CSIC), C/ Serrano, 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ramírez-Escudero
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano (CSIC), C/ Serrano, 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Carmen Limón
- Department of Genetic, University of Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel Remacha
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre for Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), University Autonomous from Madrid, C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco José Plou
- Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, CSIC, C/ Marie Curie, 2, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Sanz-Aparicio
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano (CSIC), C/ Serrano, 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Lobato
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre for Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), University Autonomous from Madrid, C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Frem D, Urban D, Norsikian S, Beau JM. From Chitin to α-Glycosides of N
-Acetylglucosamine Using Catalytic Copper Triflate in a Heated Sealed-Vessel Reactor. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dany Frem
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Dominique Urban
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Stéphanie Norsikian
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris-Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Jean-Marie Beau
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris-Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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Wattjes J, Schindler B, Trombotto S, David L, Moerschbacher BM, Compagnon I. Discrimination of patterns of N-acetylation in chitooligosaccharides by gas phase IR spectroscopy integrated to mass spectrometry. PURE APPL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2017-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWe propose a novel, bi-dimensional analysis of partially N-acetylated chitosan oligosaccharides based on gas phase Infra-Red spectroscopy integrated to mass spectrometry (MS). By providing simultaneously MS and IR fingerprints, this approach combines the advantages of MS with the refined structural detail offered by gas phase spectroscopy and provides robust signatures for the rapid discrimination of the patterns of N-acetylation. Four mono-N-deacetylated and two doubly-N-deacetylated chitosan tetramer standards with well-defined patterns of acetylation were produced and analyzed by IR integrated to MS. We show that each sequence displays a unique combination of MS and IR fingerprints, thus offering a rapid diagnostic for the pattern of acetylation without the need for reducing end labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Wattjes
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Baptiste Schindler
- Institut Lumière Matière, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stéphane Trombotto
- Laboratoire Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), CNRS UMR 5223, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 15 bd A. Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurent David
- Laboratoire Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), CNRS UMR 5223, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 15 bd A. Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bruno M. Moerschbacher
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Isabelle Compagnon
- Institut Lumière Matière, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France IUF, 103 Blvd St Michel, 75005 Paris, France
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40
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Access to N-Acetylated Chitohexaose with Well-Defined Degrees of Acetylation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2486515. [PMID: 28656139 PMCID: PMC5474546 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2486515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chitohexaose has attracted wide interest due to its special bioactivities and these potential activities are significantly related to N-acetylation. Herein, six chitohexaose fractions with different degrees of acetylation were prepared by selective N-acetylation and ion-exchange chromatography and further analyzed by ESI/MS. It is revealed that all the six N-acetylated chitohexaoses were of single molecular weight, the molecular weights of which were exactly assigned to 1026.44 Da, 1068.44 Da, 1110.48 Da, 1152.48 Da, 1194.49 Da, and 1236.48 Da, respectively. These results suggested that the six prepared N-acetylated chitohexaoses were N-acetylchitohexaose (D5A1), di-N-acetylchitohexaose (D4A2), tri-N-acetylchitohexaose (D3A3), tetra-N-acetylchitohexaose (D2A4), penta-N-acetylchitohexaose (D1A5), and hexa-N-acetylchitohexaose (A6), respectively, which are of great significance to screen their bioactivities and discover well-defined chitooligosaccharide molecules as potential drugs.
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Santos-Moriano P, Fernandez-Arrojo L, Mengibar M, Belmonte-Reche E, Peñalver P, Acosta FN, Ballesteros AO, Morales JC, Kidibule P, Fernandez-Lobato M, Plou FJ. Enzymatic production of fully deacetylated chitooligosaccharides and their neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2017.1295231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Mengibar
- InFiQuS S.L, paseo Juan XXIII no. 1, Madrid, Spain,
| | - E. Belmonte-Reche
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “Lopez-Neyra”, CSIC, Armilla Granada, Spain,
| | - P. Peñalver
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “Lopez-Neyra”, CSIC, Armilla Granada, Spain,
| | - F. N. Acosta
- Instituto de Estudios Biofuncionales, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, and
| | | | - J. C. Morales
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “Lopez-Neyra”, CSIC, Armilla Granada, Spain,
| | - P. Kidibule
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Departamento Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Fernandez-Lobato
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Departamento Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - F. J. Plou
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Madrid, Spain,
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Luo C, Liu W, Luo B, Tian J, Wen W, Liu M, Zhou C. Antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility of chitooligosaccharide-modified polyurethane membrane via polydopamine adhesive layer. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 156:235-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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43
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Carvalho LCR, Queda F, Santos CVA, Marques MMB. Selective Modification of Chitin and Chitosan: En Route to Tailored Oligosaccharides. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:3468-3481. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luísa C. R. Carvalho
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Fausto Queda
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Cátia V. Almeida Santos
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - M. Manuel B. Marques
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
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Abstract
The development of glycobiology relies on the sources of particular oligosaccharides in their purest forms. As the isolation of the oligosaccharide structures from natural sources is not a reliable option for providing samples with homogeneity, chemical means become pertinent. The growing demand for diverse oligosaccharide structures has prompted the advancement of chemical strategies to stitch sugar molecules with precise stereo- and regioselectivity through the formation of glycosidic bonds. This Review will focus on the key developments towards chemical O-glycosylations in the current century. Synthesis of novel glycosyl donors and acceptors and their unique activation for successful glycosylation are discussed. This Review concludes with a summary of recent developments and comments on future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Das
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) KolkataMohanpurNadia741246India
| | - Balaram Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) KolkataMohanpurNadia741246India
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Li K, Xing R, Liu S, Li P. Advances in preparation, analysis and biological activities of single chitooligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 139:178-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ali SP, Jalsa NK. Synthesis of a 2-N,N-dibenzylamino glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate glycosyl donor and evaluation of its utility in stereoselective glycosylation. Carbohydr Res 2016; 420:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gillard L, Tran AT, Boyer FD, Beau JM. Chitooligosaccharide Synthesis Using an Ionic Tag. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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49
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Abstract
Saponins are a large family of amphiphilic glycosides of steroids and triterpenes found in plants and some marine organisms. By expressing a large diversity of structures on both sugar chains and aglycones, saponins exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties and serve as major active principles in folk medicines, especially in traditional Chinese medicines. Isolation of saponins from natural sources is usually a formidable task due to the microheterogeneity of saponins in Nature. Chemical synthesis can provide access to large amounts of natural saponins as well as congeners for understanding their structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action. This article presents a comprehensive account on chemical synthesis of saponins. First highlighted are general considerations on saponin synthesis, including preparation of aglycones and carbohydrate building blocks, assembly strategies, and protecting-group strategies. Next described is the state of the art in the synthesis of each type of saponins, with an emphasis on those representative saponins having sophisticated structures and potent biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Stephane Laval
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.
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Christmann M, Hu J, Kitamura M, Stoltz B. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(15)00744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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