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Princiotto S, Musso L, Manetti F, Marcellini V, Maga G, Crespan E, Perini C, Zaffaroni N, Beretta GL, Dallavalle S. Synthesis and biological activity evaluation of 3-(hetero) arylideneindolin-2-ones as potential c-Src inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2382-2394. [PMID: 36050846 PMCID: PMC9448371 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2117317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of c-Src is considered one of the most studied approaches to cancer treatment, with several heterocyclic compounds approved during the last 15 years as chemotherapeutic agents. Starting from the biological evaluation of an in-house collection of small molecules, indolinone was selected as the most promising scaffold. In this work, several functionalised indolinones were synthesised and their inhibitory potency and cytotoxic activity were assayed. The pharmacological profile of the most active compounds, supported by molecular modelling studies, revealed that the presence of an amino group increased the affinity towards the ATP-binding site of c-Src. At the same time, bulkier derivatizations seemed to improve the interactions within the enzymatic pocket. Overall, these data represent an early stage towards the optimisation of new, easy-to-be functionalised indolinones as potential c-Src inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Princiotto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Loana Musso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Valentina Marcellini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maga
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM, CNR "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Pavia, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM, CNR "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Pavia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Perini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM, CNR "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Pavia, Italy
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Beretta
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Mazzini S, Princiotto S, Musso L, Passarella D, Beretta GL, Perego P, Dallavalle S. Synthesis and Investigation of the G-Quadruplex Binding Properties of Kynurenic Acid Derivatives with a Dihydroimidazoquinoline-3,5-dione Core. Molecules 2022; 27:2791. [PMID: 35566141 PMCID: PMC9103425 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes are secondary structures originating from nucleic acid regions rich in guanines, which are well known for their involvement in gene transcription and regulation and DNA damage repair. In recent studies from our group, kynurenic acid (KYNA) derivative 1 was synthesized and found to share the structural features typical of G-quadruplex binders. Herein, structural modifications were conducted on this scaffold in order to assist the binding with a G-quadruplex, by introducing charged hydrophilic groups. The antiproliferative activity of the new analogues was evaluated on an IGROV-1 human ovarian cancer cell line, and the most active compound, compound 9, was analyzed with NMR spectrometry in order to investigate its binding mode with DNA. The results indicated that a weak, non-specific interaction was set with duplex nucleotides; on the other hand, titration in the presence of a G-quadruplex from human telomere d(TTAGGGT)4 showed a stable, although not strong, interaction at the 3'-end of the nucleotidic sequence, efficiently assisted by salt bridges between the quaternary nitrogen and the external phosphate groups. Overall, this work can be considered a platform for the development of a new class of potential G-quadruplex stabilizing molecules, confirming the crucial role of a planar system and the ability of charged nitrogen-containing groups to facilitate the binding to G-quadruplex grooves and loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Mazzini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (L.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Salvatore Princiotto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (L.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Loana Musso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (L.M.); (S.D.)
| | | | - Giovanni Luca Beretta
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.L.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Paola Perego
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.L.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (L.M.); (S.D.)
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Elshaier YAMM, Aly AA, El-Aziz MA, Fathy HM, Brown AB, Ramadan M. A review on the synthesis of heteroannulated quinolones and their biological activities. Mol Divers 2021; 26:2341-2370. [PMID: 34698911 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The quinoline scaffold has become an important construction motif for the development of new drugs. The quinolones and their heteroannulated derivatives have high importance due to their diverse spectrum of biological activities as antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, anti-Alzheimer's disease, antioxidant and diuretic activities. This review summarizes the various new, efficient and convenient synthetic approaches to synthesize diverse quinolone-based scaffolds and their biological activities. We also dealt with the important mechanism, the route and type of reactions of the obtained products. The biological activities of some heteroannulated quinolones were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen A M M Elshaier
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, 32958, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A Aly
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, 61519, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Abd El-Aziz
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Hazem M Fathy
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, 71524, Egypt
| | - Alan B Brown
- Chemistry Department, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - Mohamed Ramadan
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, 71524, Egypt
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Beretta G, Moretti RM, Nasti R, Cincinelli R, Dallavalle S, Montagnani Marelli M. Apoptosis-mediated anticancer activity in prostate cancer cells of a chestnut honey (Castanea sativa L.) quinoline-pyrrolidine gamma-lactam alkaloid. Amino Acids 2021; 53:869-880. [PMID: 33945018 PMCID: PMC8172409 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy in men and represents the second leading cause of cancer deaths in Western countries. PCa is initially androgen-dependent, however, this tumor inevitably progresses as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which represents the most aggressive phase of the pathology. In this work, in two CRPC cell lines (DU145 and PC3), we studied the in vitro inhibitory properties of the tryptophan-derived endogenous metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA) and of the lactam form of 3–2′-pyrrilonidinyl-kynurenic acid (3-PKA-L), alkaloids usually present in combination in chestnut honey. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, cell colony formation assay, and Western blot analysis of the major mediator proteins involved in apoptotic processes. In all experiments, KYNA was scarcely or not active while 3-PKA-L showed anticancer activity in the high concentration range (0.01 mM – 1 mM) from 24 to 72 h. The results obtained showed that cell death was induced by extrinsic apoptotic pathway, by cell morphological changes and reduction of cell colonies number. These novel results represent the first promising step to the accurate description of 3-PKA-L cytotoxic effect, not observed with KYNA, paving the way to the search of new anticancer agents, as well as to the better understanding of the physiopathological role of this interesting natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Roberta Manuela Moretti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Nasti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Sol Shmidt M, Florencia Martini M, Oppezzo GA, Mercedes Blanco M, Moglioni AG. Study of the Hydroamination Reaction of Methyl Acetylenedicarboxylate with Aromatic Amines and its Heterocyclization Products. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sol Shmidt
- IQUIMEFA Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Junín 956 C1113AAD CABA Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Departamento de Química Orgánica Junín 956 C1113AAD CABA Argentina
| | - Maria Florencia Martini
- IQUIMEFA Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Junín 956 C1113AAD CABA Argentina
| | - Guido A. Oppezzo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Departamento de Química Orgánica Junín 956 C1113AAD CABA Argentina
| | - Maria Mercedes Blanco
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Departamento de Química Orgánica Junín 956 C1113AAD CABA Argentina
| | - Albertina G. Moglioni
- IQUIMEFA Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Junín 956 C1113AAD CABA Argentina
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Ling T, Lang W, Feng X, Das S, Maier J, Jeffries C, Shelat A, Rivas F. Novel vitexin-inspired scaffold against leukemia. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:501-510. [PMID: 29407975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of leukemia in children. Up to a quarter of ALL patients relapse and face poor prognosis. To identify new compound leads, we conducted a phenotypic screen using terrestrial natural product (NP) fractions against immortalized ALL cellular models. We identified vitexin, a flavonoid, as a promising hit with biological activity (EC50 = 30 μM) in pre-B cell ALL models with no toxicity against normal human tissue (BJ cells) at the tested concentrations. To develop more potent compounds against ALL and elucidate its potential mode of action, a vitexin-inspired compound library was synthesized. Thus, we developed an improved and scalable protocol for the direct synthesis of 4-quinolone core heterocycles containing an N-sulfonamide using a one-pot condensation reaction protocol. The newly generated compounds represent a novel molecular scaffold against ALL as exemplified by compounds 13 and 15, which demonstrated EC50 values in the low micromolar range (0.3-10 μM) with little to no toxicity in normal cellular models. Computational studies support the hypothesis that these compounds are potential CDK inhibitors. The compounds induced apoptosis, caused cell arrest at G0/G1 and G2/M, and induced ROS in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Ling
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Walter Lang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Xiang Feng
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Sourav Das
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Julie Maier
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Cynthia Jeffries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Anang Shelat
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Fatima Rivas
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA.
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Cincinelli R, Beretta G, Dallavalle S. Total synthesis of tetracyclic kynurenic acid analogues isolated from chestnut honey. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Zhang X, Xu X, Chen G, Yi W. Regioselective Synthesis of 2,3,4-Trisubstituted Pyrroles via Pd(II)-Catalyzed Three-Component Cascade Reactions of Amines, Alkyne Esters, and Alkenes. Org Lett 2016; 18:4864-4867. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- College
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- College
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Gong Chen
- China Gateway Pharmaceutical
Development Company, Limited, Shanghai 201417, China
| | - Wei Yi
- VARI/SIMM
Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key
Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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New multicomponent method for the synthesis of polyhydrogenated pyrazino[1,2-a]quinolines. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-016-1876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Synthesis of 4-quinolones via triflic anhydride-mediated intramolecular Houben-Hoesch reaction of β-arylamino acrylonitriles. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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