1
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Lee JJC, Chua MH, Wang S, Qu Z, Zhu Q, Xu J. Cyclotriphosphazene: A Versatile Building Block for Diverse Functional Materials. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400357. [PMID: 38837322 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Cyclotriphosphazene (CP) is a cyclic inorganic compound with the chemical formula N3P3. This unique molecule consists of a six-membered ring composed of alternating nitrogen and phosphorus atoms, each bonded to two chlorine atoms. CP exhibits remarkable versatility and significance in the realm of materials chemistry due to its easy functionalization via facile nucleophilic substitution reactions in mild conditions as well as intriguing properties of resultant final CP-based molecules or polymers. CP has been served as an important building block for numerous functional materials. This review provides a general and broad overview of the synthesis of CP-based small molecules through nucleophilic substitution of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP), and their applications, including flame retardants, liquid crystals (LC), chemosensors, electronics, biomedical materials, and lubricants, have been summarized and discussed. It would be expected that this review would offer a timely summary of various CP-based materials and hence give an insight into further exploration of CP-based molecules in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan Joo Cheng Lee
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, Singapore, 138634
| | - Ming Hui Chua
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road Jurong Island, Singapore, Singapore, 627833
| | - Suxi Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, Singapore, 138634
| | - Zhengyao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, Singapore, 138634
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, Singapore, 138634
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road Jurong Island, Singapore, Singapore, 627833
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, Singapore, 117543
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2
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Zhong Q, Mardyukov A, Solel E, Ebeling D, Schirmeisen A, Schreiner PR. On-Surface Synthesis and Real-Space Visualization of Aromatic P 3 N 3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310121. [PMID: 37702299 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis is at the verge of emerging as the method of choice for the generation and visualization of unstable or unconventional molecules, which could not be obtained via traditional synthetic methods. A case in point is the on-surface synthesis of the structurally elusive cyclotriphosphazene (P3 N3 ), an inorganic aromatic analogue of benzene. Here, we report the preparation of this fleetingly existing species on Cu(111) and Au(111) surfaces at 5.2 K through molecular manipulation with unprecedented precision, i.e., voltage pulse-induced sextuple dechlorination of an ultra-small (about 6 Å) hexachlorophosphazene P3 N3 Cl6 precursor by the tip of a scanning probe microscope. Real-space atomic-level imaging of cyclotriphosphazene reveals its planar D3h -symmetric ring structure. Furthermore, this demasking strategy has been expanded to generate cyclotriphosphazene from a hexaazide precursor P3 N21 via a different stimulation method (photolysis) for complementary measurements by matrix isolation infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qigang Zhong
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Artur Mardyukov
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ephrath Solel
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniel Ebeling
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - André Schirmeisen
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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3
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Al-Yassiri MAH. Tubular Magnetic Shielding Scan (TMSS): A New Technique for Molecular Space Exploration. (i) The Case of Aromaticity of Benzene and [ n]Paracyclophanes. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:6614-6627. [PMID: 37501257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Both traditional and novel techniques were employed in this work for magnetic shielding evaluation to shed new light on the magnetic and aromaticity properties of benzene and 12 [n]paracyclophanes with n = 3-14. Density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP functional and all-electron Jorge-ATZP and x2c-TZVPPall-s basis sets was utilized for geometry optimization and magnetic shielding calculations, respectively. Additionally, the 6-311+G(d,p) basis set was incorporated for the purpose of comparing the magnetic shielding results. In addition to traditional evaluations such as NICS/NICSzz-Scan, and 2D-3D σiso(r)/σzz(r) maps, two new techniques were implemented: bendable grids (BGs) and cylindrical grids (CGs) of ghost atoms (Bqs). BGs allow for the recording of magnetic shielding from the bent ring levels of [n]pCPs, while CGs provide tubular magnetic shielding scan (TMSS) maps detailing the magnetic shielding from a cylindrical region above and below the ring frame. Our findings suggest that smaller [n]pCPs with n < 6 exhibit deviations in the magnetic shielding above and below the ring, indicating a broken electron delocalization under the ring. In contrast, larger [n]pCPs tend to behave similarly to benzene in terms of magnetic shielding. Moreover, we found that shorter polymethylene chains of [n]pCPs exhibit significantly higher magnetic shielding interactions with the ring. Both of the above techniques offer new and promising tools for characterizing nonplanar aromatic compounds, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of their magnetic and electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muntadar A H Al-Yassiri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadirya, Baghdad 10071, Iraq
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4
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Steen JS, Nuismer JL, Eiva V, Wiglema AET, Daub N, Hjelm J, Otten E. Blatter Radicals as Bipolar Materials for Symmetrical Redox-Flow Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5051-5058. [PMID: 35258956 PMCID: PMC8949756 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Redox-active organic molecules are promising charge-storage materials for redox-flow batteries (RFBs), but material crossover between the posolyte and negolyte and chemical degradation are limiting factors in the performance of all-organic RFBs. We demonstrate that the bipolar electrochemistry of 1,2,4-benzotriazin-4-yl (Blatter) radicals allows the construction of batteries with symmetrical electrolyte composition. Cyclic voltammetry shows that these radicals also retain reversible bipolar electrochemistry in the presence of water. The redox potentials of derivatives with a C(3)-CF3 substituent are the least affected by water, and moreover, these compounds show >90% capacity retention after charge/discharge cycling in a static H-cell for 7 days (ca. 100 cycles). Testing these materials in a flow regime at a 0.1 M concentration of the active material confirmed the high cycling stability under conditions relevant for RFB operation and demonstrated that polarity inversion in a symmetrical flow battery may be used to rebalance the cell. Chemical synthesis provides insight in the nature of the charged species by spectroscopy and (for the oxidized state) X-ray crystallography. The stability of these compounds in all three states of charge highlights their potential for application in symmetrical organic redox-flow batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelte S Steen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jules L Nuismer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vytautas Eiva
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert E T Wiglema
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Daub
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Hjelm
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage (DTU Energy), Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, Building 310, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Edwin Otten
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Gu X, Yang L, Jin P. Planar Inorganic Five-Membered Heterocycles with σ+π Dual Aromaticity in Both S0 and T1 States. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:22091-22101. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03116g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic species being aromatic in both the lowest singlet and triplet electronic states (so-called adaptive aromaticity) are scarce. To date, the reported systems are mostly organometallic heterocycles with the aromaticities...
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6
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Báez-Grez R, Arrué L, Pino-Rios R. Quantitative analysis of aromaticity in azines by means of dissected descriptors based on the magnetic criteria. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Baranac-Stojanović M, Stojanović M, Aleksić J. Triplet state (anti)aromaticity of some monoheterocyclic analogues of benzene, naphthalene and anthracene. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00207d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
By employing DFT calculations, we show the influence of heteroatom substitution on the triplet state (anti)aromaticity of benzene, naphthalene and anthracene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milovan Stojanović
- University of Belgrade – Institute of Chemistry
- Technology and Metallurgy – Center for Chemistry
- Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Jovana Aleksić
- University of Belgrade – Institute of Chemistry
- Technology and Metallurgy – Center for Chemistry
- Belgrade
- Serbia
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8
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Zhu C, Eckhardt AK, Bergantini A, Singh SK, Schreiner PR, Kaiser RI. The elusive cyclotriphosphazene molecule and its Dewar benzene-type valence isomer (P 3N 3). SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba6934. [PMID: 32832667 PMCID: PMC7439403 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba6934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the chemistry of phosphorus and nitrogen has fascinated chemists for more than 350 years, the Hückel aromatic cyclotriphosphazene (P3N3, 2) molecule-a key molecular building block in phosphorus chemistry-has remained elusive. Here, we report a facile, versatile pathway producing cyclotriphosphazene and its Dewar benzene-type isomer (P3N3, 5) in ammonia-phosphine ices at 5 K exposed to ionizing radiation. Both isomers were detected in the gas phase upon sublimation via photoionization reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry and discriminated via isomer-selective photochemistry. Our findings provide a fundamental framework to explore the preparation of inorganic, isovalent species of benzene (C6H6) by formally replacing the C─H moieties alternatingly through phosphorus and nitrogen atoms, thus advancing our perception of the chemical bonding of phosphorus systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- W. M. Keck Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - André K. Eckhardt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany and Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexandre Bergantini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- W. M. Keck Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Santosh K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- W. M. Keck Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany and Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- W. M. Keck Laboratory in Astrochemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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9
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Regium Bonds between Silver(I) Pyrazolates Dinuclear Complexes and Lewis Bases (N2, OH2, NCH, SH2, NH3, PH3, CO and CNH). CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical study and Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) search of dinuclear Ag(I) pyrazolates interactions with Lewis bases were carried out and the effect of the substituents and ligands on the structure and on the aromaticity were analyzed. A relationship between the intramolecular Ag–Ag distance and stability was found in the unsubstituted system, which indicates a destabilization at longer distances compensated by ligands upon complexation. It was also observed that the asymmetrical interaction with phosphines as ligands increases the Ag–Ag distance. This increase is dramatically higher when two simultaneous PH3 ligands are taken into account. The calculated 109Ag chemical shielding shows variation up to 1200 ppm due to the complexation. Calculations showed that six-membered rings possessed non-aromatic character while pyrazole rings do not change their aromatic character significantly upon complexation.
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10
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Chang MY, Chen KT, Hsiao YT, Chen SM. Ac2O-Mediated Dearylacetylative Dimerization of 2-Arylacetyl-1-naphthols: Synthesis of Naphtho[1,2-b]furan-3-ones. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3605-3616. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yang Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Hsiao
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Mei Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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11
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Orozco-Ic M, Celaya CA, Sundholm D. Calculation of magnetic response properties of tetrazines. RSC Adv 2020; 10:18124-18130. [PMID: 35517234 PMCID: PMC9053762 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01641a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic response properties of 1,2,3,5-tetrazine derivatives including the newly synthesized 4,6-diphenyl-1,2,3,5-tetrazine have been studied computationally at the density functional theory (DFT) level. Calculations of magnetically induced current densities and induced magnetic fields show that the unsubstituted 1,2,3,5-tetrazine is almost as aromatic as benzene. Separating the magnetic shielding functions into molecular orbital components provided additional insights into the magnetic response. The aromatic character estimated from magnetically induced current densities and induced magnetic fields shows that NICSπzz(0) values and ring-current strengths yield about the same degree of aromaticity, whereas NICSzz(0) and NICSzz(1) values are contaminated by σ electron contributions. The studied 1,2,3,5-tetrazine derivatives are less aromatic than the unsubstituted one. Calculations of magnetic response properties of 4,6-diphenyl-1,2,3,5-tetrazine showed that it is the least aromatic among the studied molecules according to the ring-current criterion, while 4,6-[1,2,3,5]-ditetrazinyl-1,2,3,5-tetrazine is as aromatic as 4,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,5-tetrazine and slightly less aromatic than the unsubstituted 1,2,3,5-tetrazine. Magnetic response properties of 1,2,3,5-tetrazine derivatives including the newly synthesized 4,6-diphenyl-1,2,3,5-tetrazine have been studied computationally at the density functional theory level.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesías Orozco-Ic
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- FIN-00014 Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Christian A. Celaya
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- FIN-00014 Helsinki
- Finland
- Departamento de Materiales de Baja Dimensionalidad
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- FIN-00014 Helsinki
- Finland
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12
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Elguero E, Alkorta I, Elguero J. A theoretical study of the properties of ninety-two “aromatic” six-membered rings including benzene, azines, phosphinines and azaphosphinines. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Elguero
- UMR CNRS 5290, IRD, 911; MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle); Montpellier France
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13
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Tzeli D, Kozielewicz P, Zloh M, Antonow D, Tsoungas PG, Petsalakis ID. Naphthalene Peri Annelated N,N- and N,O-Heterocycles: The Effect of Heteroatom-Guided Peri
-Fusion on Their Structure and Reactivity Profiles-A Theoretical Endoscopy. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Demeter Tzeli
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute; National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave.; Athens 116 35 Greece
| | - Pawel Kozielewicz
- Karoliska Institutet; Dept of Physiology and Pharmacology; Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9; 17165 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mire Zloh
- Dept of Pharmacy; School of Life & Medical Sciences; University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire; AL10 9AB, U K
| | - Dyeison Antonow
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); Brazil
| | - Petros G. Tsoungas
- Department of Biochemistry; Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vas.Sofias Ave., Athens; GR-11521 Greece
| | - Ioannis D. Petsalakis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute; National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave.; Athens 116 35 Greece
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14
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Mei Y, Wu DJ, Borger JE, Grützmacher H. Simple Synthesis of Functionalized 2-Phosphanaphthalenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5512-5515. [PMID: 29508510 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A simple synthesis of sodium 2-phosphanaphthalene-3-olate (1) based on the extrusion of N2 from phthalazine using Na[OCP] is reported. This heterocycle can be readily functionalized at the negatively charged oxygen center using a variety of electrophilic substrates. The coordination chemistry of both 1 and its neutral derivatives was explored, revealing their facile use as P-donor ligands for late-transition-metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Mei
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dong-Jun Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jaap E Borger
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Mei Y, Wu DJ, Borger JE, Grützmacher H. Simple Synthesis of Functionalized 2-Phosphanaphthalenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Mei
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1 Hönggerberg 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Dong-Jun Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1 Hönggerberg 8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM); School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
| | - Jaap E. Borger
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1 Hönggerberg 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1 Hönggerberg 8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM); School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
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16
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Starikova A, Boldyreva NM, Minyaev RM, Boldyrev AI, Minkin VI. Computational Assessment of an Elusive Aromatic N 3P 3 Molecule. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:286-291. [PMID: 31457893 PMCID: PMC6641276 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We computationally proved that the planar aromatic hexagonal isomer N3P3 with the alteration of N and P is the second most stable structure for the N3P3 stoichiometry. We found that the aromatic isomer has high barriers for transition into the global minimum structure or into the three isolated NP molecules, making this structure kinetically stable. We showed that the sandwich N3P3CrN3P3 molecule corresponds to a minimum on the potential energy surface; thus, the aromatic N3P3 molecule has a potential to be a new ligand in chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyona
A. Starikova
- Institute
of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern
Federal University, 194/2
Stachka Avenue, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia M. Boldyreva
- Institute
of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern
Federal University, 194/2
Stachka Avenue, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Ruslan M. Minyaev
- Institute
of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern
Federal University, 194/2
Stachka Avenue, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
- E-mail: (R.M.M.)
| | - Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Institute
of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern
Federal University, 194/2
Stachka Avenue, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State
University, Old Main
Hill 300, Logan, Utah 84322, USA
- E-mail: (A.I.B.)
| | - Vladimir I. Minkin
- Institute
of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern
Federal University, 194/2
Stachka Avenue, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
- E-mail: (V.I.M.)
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17
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Tandarić T, Vianello R. Design of Exceptionally Strong Organic Superbases Based on Aromatic Pnictogen Oxides: Computational DFT Analysis of the Oxygen Basicity in the Gas Phase and Acetonitrile Solution. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:1464-1471. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b11945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tana Tandarić
- Computational Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Group, Rud̵er Bošković Institute, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Robert Vianello
- Computational Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Group, Rud̵er Bošković Institute, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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Koner A, Pfeifer G, Kelemen Z, Schnakenburg G, Nyulászi L, Sasamori T, Streubel R. 1,4-Diphosphinine aus Imidazol-2-thionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Koner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Gregor Pfeifer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Szt Gellert ter 4 1111 Budapest Ungarn
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - László Nyulászi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Szt Gellert ter 4 1111 Budapest Ungarn
| | - Takahiro Sasamori
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences; Nagoya City University; Yamanohata 1, Mizuho-cho Mizuho-ku Nagoya, Aichi 467-8501 Japan
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
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Koner A, Pfeifer G, Kelemen Z, Schnakenburg G, Nyulászi L, Sasamori T, Streubel R. 1,4-Diphosphinines from Imidazole-2-thiones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9231-9235. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Koner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Gregor Pfeifer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Szt Gellert ter 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - László Nyulászi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Szt Gellert ter 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Takahiro Sasamori
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences; Nagoya City University; Yamanohata 1, Mizuho-cho Mizuho-ku Nagoya, Aichi 467-8501 Japan
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
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20
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An insight on the aromatic changes in closed shell icosagen, tetrel, and pnictogen phenalenyl derivatives. Struct Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-016-0882-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Aromatic changes in isoelectronic derivatives of phenalenyl radicals by central carbon replacement. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Trujillo C, Sánchez-Sanz G. A Study of π-π Stacking Interactions and Aromaticity in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon/Nucleobase Complexes. Chemphyschem 2015; 17:395-405. [PMID: 26663678 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201501019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We analysed the interactions and aromaticity electron-density delocalisation observed in π-π complexes between the phenalenyl radical and acenaphthylene, and the DNA and RNA nucleobases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil). Interaction energies are obtained at the M06-2X/6-311++G(2df,p) computational level for gas phase and PCM-water conditions. For both the phenalenyl radical and acenaphthylene, the complexes formed with guanine are the most stable ones. Atoms in molecules and natural bond orbital results reveal weak π-π interactions between both interacting moieties, characterized by bond critical points between C⋅⋅⋅C and C⋅⋅⋅N atoms. Nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS) indicate the retention of the aromatic character of the monomers in the outer region of the complex. The fluctuation indexes reveal a loss of electron delocalisation upon complexation for all cases except guanine complexes. Nevertheless, the interface region shows large negative NICS values, which is not associated with an increase of the aromaticity or electron-density delocalisation, but with magnetic couplings of both molecules, leading to an unrealistic description of the aromatic behaviour in that region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Trujillo
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Goar Sánchez-Sanz
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Klenov MS, Anikin OV, Churakov AM, Strelenko YA, Fedyanin IV, Ananyev IV, Tartakovsky VA. Toward the Synthesis of Tetrazino-tetrazine 1,3,6,8-Tetraoxide (TTTO): An Approach to Non-annulated 1,2,3,4-Tetrazine 1,3-Dioxides. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Trujillo C, Rodriguez-Sanz AA, Rozas I. Aromatic Amino Acids-Guanidinium Complexes through Cation-π Interactions. Molecules 2015; 20:9214-28. [PMID: 26007180 PMCID: PMC6272432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20059214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuing with our interest in the guanidinium group and the different interactions than can establish, we have carried out a theoretical study of the complexes formed by this cation and the aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, histidine, tryptophan and tyrosine) using DFT methods and PCM-water solvation. Both hydrogen bonds and cation-π interactions have been found upon complexation. These interactions have been characterized by means of the analysis of the molecular electron density using the Atoms-in-Molecules approach as well as the orbital interactions using the Natural Bond Orbital methodology. Finally, the effect that the cation-π and hydrogen bond interactions exert on the aromaticity of the corresponding amino acids has been evaluated by calculating the theoretical NICS values, finding that the aromatic character was not heavily modified upon complexation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Trujillo
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Ana A Rodriguez-Sanz
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, Avda. Alfonso X El Sabio s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Isabel Rozas
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Sánchez-Sanz G, Trujillo C, Rozas I, Alkorta I. Influence of fluoro and cyano substituents in the aromatic and antiaromatic characteristics of cyclooctatetraene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:14961-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00876j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An exhaustive and systematic study of the structural and electronic properties of cyclooctatetraene (COT) upon substitution of hydrogen atoms by fluoro and cyano groups has been carried out in order to analyse the influence of both substituents on the aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goar Sánchez-Sanz
- School of Physics & Complex and Adaptive Systems Laboratory
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - Cristina Trujillo
- School of Chemistry
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Isabel Rozas
- School of Chemistry
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica
- CSIC
- E-28006 Madrid
- Spain
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