1
|
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to highlight recent developments in the synthesis of chiral 1,4-dihydropyridines and their fused analogues. 1,4-Dihydropyridines are among the most active calcium antagonists that are used for the treatment of hypertension. Enantiomers of unsymmetrical 1,4-dihydropyridines often show different biological activities and may have even an opposite action profile. Hantzsch synthesis usually produces racemic mixtures of unsymmetrical 1,4-dihydropyridines. Therefore, the development of stereoselective synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines is one of the priorities of medicinal chemistry. Over the years, numerous methodologies have been developed for the production of enantiopure 1,4-dihydropyridines, such as stereoselective synthesis using chiral auxiliaries and chiral cyclocondensation partners, chromatographical methods, resolution of diastereomeric 1,4-dihydropyridine salts, enzyme catalysed kinetic resolution, or asymmetrisation of ester groups of 1,4-dihydropyridines. These approaches have been studied in detail and are relatively well established. The catalytic asymmetric approach holds the greatest promise in delivering the most practical and widely applicable methods. Substantial progress has been made toward the development of enantioselective organocatalytic methods for the construction of the chiral dihydropyridines. However, most of them do not provide a convenient way to pharmacologically important 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates. Organocatalytic enantioselective desymmetrisation of prochiral 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbaldehydes also has great promise in the synthesis of pharmacologically important 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates.
Collapse
|
2
|
Deng Q, Meng X. Recent Advances in the Cycloaddition Reactions of 2‐Benzylidene‐1‐benzofuran‐3‐ones, and Their Sulfur, Nitrogen and Methylene Analogues. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2838-2853. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Deng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 P.R. China
| | - Xiangtai Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yan J, Song Z, Zhao C, Shi K, Yang L, Zhong G. Highly Chemoselective and Enantioselective Synthesis of 3,4-2 H-Pyrindin-2-ones by an NHC-Catalyzed [3 + 3] Cyclization. Org Lett 2020; 22:3329-3334. [PMID: 32157889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly chemoselective and enantioselective cyclization of γ-chloroenals and ketimines has been developed to synthesize enantiopure 3,4-2H-pyrindin-2-ones as major products. It is proposed that the intermediate enone IV reacted with an enamine to proceed with a [3 + 3] cyclization, thereby affording 3,4-2H-pyrindin-2-ones as major products. Interestingly, the addition of LiCl promoted the formation of the enamine and accelerated the [3 + 3] cyclization. In contrast, the [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between the intermediate vinyl enolate VIII and an imine offered 5,6-2H-pyrindin-2-ones as minor products. This protocol represents the exceptional potential of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalytic reactions in accessing biologically active 3,4-2H-pyrindin-2-one derivatives in good yield with high chemoselectivities and excellent enantiomeric purities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhaoxin Song
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Chengtao Zhao
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Kuangxi Shi
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Limin Yang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Guofu Zhong
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Reddy VH, Kumari AK, Reddy GM, Reddy YVR, Garcia JR, Zyryanov GV, Reddy NB, Rammohan A. Environmentally benign one-pot multicomponent synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives applying montmorillonite K10 as reusable catalyst. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-019-02419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
5
|
Lambruschini C, Basso A, Banfi L. Integrating biocatalysis and multicomponent reactions. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2018; 29:3-9. [PMID: 30471671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While often multicomponent reactions (MCR) are used for the diversity-oriented synthesis of racemic (or achiral) molecular entities, this short review describes two alternative approaches for accessing enantiopure products exploiting the power of biocatalysis. Enzymes or microorganisms may be used for preparing enantiopure MCR inputs or for resolving racemic (or achiral) MCR adducts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lambruschini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, via Dodecaneso, 31-16146, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Basso
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, via Dodecaneso, 31-16146, Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Banfi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, via Dodecaneso, 31-16146, Genova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gu Z, Wu B, Jiang GF, Zhou YG. Synthesis of Benzofuran-fused 1,4-Dihydropyridines via
Bifunctional Squaramide-catalyzed Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition of Azadienes with Malononitrile. CHINESE J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201800330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Gu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University; Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Guo-Fang Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University; Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pikun NV, Kolesnyk NP, Rusanov EB, Plotniece A, Rucins M, Sobolev A, Shermolovich YG. Synthesis of fluorinated 2,6-heptanediones and 2-oxa-6- azabicyclo[2.2.2]octanes from 1,4-dihydropyridines. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
8
|
Perumal M, Sengodu P, Venkatesan S, Perumal S, Antony S, Paramsivam M. Polybenzimidazole-Triphenylphosphene-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis and Evaluation of Dihydropyridine Derivative as Antibiotics and Antifungals. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muthuraja Perumal
- Department of Chemistry; Alagappa University; Karaikudi-630006 India
| | - Prakash Sengodu
- Department of Chemistry; Alagappa University; Karaikudi-630006 India
| | | | | | - Susaimanickam Antony
- Department of Chemistry; Arumugam Pillai Seethai Ammal College; Thirupattur-630211 India
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Auria-Luna F, Marqués-López E, Herrera RP. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridines. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Auria-Luna
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Eugenia Marqués-López
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Raquel P. Herrera
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Torres SY, Brieva R, Rebolledo F. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of optically active phenolic 3,4-dihydropyridin-2-ones: a way to access enantioenriched 1,4-dihydropyridine and benzodiazepine derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:5171-5181. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01066d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic resolution of 3,4-DHP-2-ones with Candida rugose lipase (CRL) has been possible due to the presence of a reactive phenolic ester in a remote position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Y. Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias
- Universidad de Oviedo
- 33006-Oviedo
- Spain
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica
| | - Rosario Brieva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias
- Universidad de Oviedo
- 33006-Oviedo
- Spain
| | - Francisca Rebolledo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias
- Universidad de Oviedo
- 33006-Oviedo
- Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Recent Advances in Lipase-Mediated Preparation of Pharmaceuticals and Their Intermediates. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29682-716. [PMID: 26690428 PMCID: PMC4691134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocatalysis offers an alternative approach to conventional chemical processes for the production of single-isomer chiral drugs. Lipases are one of the most used enzymes in the synthesis of enantiomerically pure intermediates. The use of this type of enzyme is mainly due to the characteristics of their regio-, chemo- and enantioselectivity in the resolution process of racemates, without the use of cofactors. Moreover, this class of enzymes has generally excellent stability in the presence of organic solvents, facilitating the solubility of the organic substrate to be modified. Further improvements and new applications have been achieved in the syntheses of biologically active compounds catalyzed by lipases. This review critically reports and discusses examples from recent literature (2007 to mid-2015), concerning the synthesis of enantiomerically pure active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and their intermediates in which the key step involves the action of a lipase.
Collapse
|