1
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Abstract
Herein, we report the first asymmetric total synthesis of iheyamine B from 2,2'-bisindoloazepinone using the stereoselective construction of the trans-vicinal 2-oxopropyl moiety in the azepine scaffold. The asymmetric decarboxylative allylic alkylation provided the α-allylated 2,2'-bisindoloazepinone intermediate. The subsequent conversion of the lactam moiety into another allyl group in a trans-selective manner followed by Wacker oxidation of each allyl unit to the corresponding 2-oxopropyl group completed the total synthesis of iheyamine B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Hong Cheon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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2
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Abstract
The asymmetric alkylation of enolates is a particularly versatile method for the construction of α-stereogenic carbonyl motifs, which are ubiquitous in synthetic chemistry. Over the past several decades, the focus has shifted to the development of new catalytic methods that depart from classical stoichiometric stereoinduction strategies (e.g., chiral auxiliaries, chiral alkali metal amide bases, chiral electrophiles, etc.). In this way, the enantioselective alkylation of prochiral enolates greatly improves the step- and redox-economy of this process, in addition to enhancing the scope and selectivity of these reactions. In this review, we summarize the origin and advancement of catalytic enantioselective enolate alkylation methods, with a directed emphasis on the union of prochiral nucleophiles with carbon-centered electrophiles for the construction of α-stereogenic carbonyl derivatives. Hence, the transformative developments for each distinct class of nucleophile (e.g., ketone enolates, ester enolates, amide enolates, etc.) are presented in a modular format to highlight the state-of-the-art methods and current limitations in each area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - P Andrew Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, P. R. of China
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3
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Pàmies O, Margalef J, Cañellas S, James J, Judge E, Guiry PJ, Moberg C, Bäckvall JE, Pfaltz A, Pericàs MA, Diéguez M. Recent Advances in Enantioselective Pd-Catalyzed Allylic Substitution: From Design to Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4373-4505. [PMID: 33739109 PMCID: PMC8576828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This Review compiles the evolution, mechanistic understanding, and more recent advances in enantioselective Pd-catalyzed allylic substitution and decarboxylative and oxidative allylic substitutions. For each reaction, the catalytic data, as well as examples of their application to the synthesis of more complex molecules, are collected. Sections in which we discuss key mechanistic aspects for high selectivity and a comparison with other metals (with advantages and disadvantages) are also included. For Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution, the catalytic data are grouped according to the type of nucleophile employed. Because of the prominent position of the use of stabilized carbon nucleophiles and heteronucleophiles, many chiral ligands have been developed. To better compare the results, they are presented grouped by ligand types. Pd-catalyzed asymmetric decarboxylative reactions are mainly promoted by PHOX or Trost ligands, which justifies organizing this section in chronological order. For asymmetric oxidative allylic substitution the results are grouped according to the type of nucleophile used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Pàmies
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jèssica Margalef
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Santiago Cañellas
- Discovery
Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A. Jarama 75A, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jinju James
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eric Judge
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patrick J. Guiry
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Christina Moberg
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-E. Bäckvall
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Pfaltz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel. St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miquel A. Pericàs
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona. 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Diéguez
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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4
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Liu C, Yu T, Yang T, Sun H, Qin C, Jia Q, Chu C. Facile Preparation of 4-(4-Nitrophenyl)morpholin-3-one via the Acid-Catalyzed Selective Oxidation of 4-(4-Nitrophenyl)morpholine by Sodium Chlorite as the Sole Oxidant. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Qiang Jia
- Seasons Biotechnology (Taizhou) Co., Ltd., 21 Jiutiao Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Visse R, Möllemann MA, Braun M. Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Alkanoic-Acid Ester Enolates. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Visse
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Martin-Alexander Möllemann
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Manfred Braun
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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6
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James J, Jackson M, Guiry PJ. Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation: Development, Mechanistic Understanding and Recent Advances. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinju James
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical BiologySchool of ChemistryUniversity College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Mark Jackson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical BiologySchool of ChemistryUniversity College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Patrick J. Guiry
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical BiologySchool of ChemistryUniversity College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
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7
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Bhunia S, Chaudhuri S, De S, Babu KN, Bisai A. An expeditious route to the synthesis of the enantioenriched tetracyclic core of ergot alkaloids via an organocatalytic aldol reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:2427-2437. [PMID: 29556598 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob03069j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the tetracyclic skeleton of ergot alkaloids has been developed via a key organocatalytic enantioselective aldol reaction using paraformaldehyde as the C1-unit in the presence of thiourea catalyst followed by a key Pd-catalyzed directed coupling accelerated by the DavePhos ligand. Utilizing the aforementioned strategy, we have synthesized a key tetracyclic intermediate in up to 95% ee with high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Bhunia
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Saikat Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Subhadip De
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - K Naresh Babu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Alakesh Bisai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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8
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Zhang ZW, Wang CC, Xue H, Dong Y, Yang JH, Liu S, Liu WQ, Li WDZ. Asymmetric Formal Synthesis of (−)-Cephalotaxine via Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Tsuji Allylation. Org Lett 2018; 20:1050-1053. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b04008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, P. R. China
| | - Cui-Cui Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, P. R. China
| | - Hong Xue
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, P. R. China
| | - Yu Dong
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, P. R. China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Dong Z. Li
- School
of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
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9
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Kondo H, Maeno M, Hirano K, Shibata N. Asymmetric synthesis of α-trifluoromethoxy ketones with a tetrasubstituted α-stereogenic centre via the palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation of allyl enol carbonates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5522-5525. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03131b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Pd-catalyzed asymmetric decarboxylative allylic alkylation of trifluoromethoxy allyl enol carbonates is disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Kondo
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences
- and Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Gokiso
- Showa-ku
| | - Mayaka Maeno
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences
- and Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Gokiso
- Showa-ku
| | - Kazuki Hirano
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences
- and Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Gokiso
- Showa-ku
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences
- and Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Gokiso
- Showa-ku
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10
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Lian WF, Wang CC, Kang HP, Li HL, Feng J, Liu S, Zhang ZW. Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation of acyclic ketones for synthesis of 2,2-disubsituted pyrrolidine derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Litman ZC, Sharma A, Hartwig JF. Oxidation of Hindered Allylic C-H Bonds with Applications to the Functionalization of Complex Molecules. ACS Catal 2017; 7:1998-2001. [PMID: 29910970 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the palladium-catalyzed oxidation of hindered alkenes to form linear allylic esters. The combination of palladium(II) benzoate, 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one, and benzoquinone catalyzes the mild oxidation of terminal alkenes with tert-butyl benzoyl peroxide as an oxidant in the presence of diverse functional groups. Selective oxidation of terminal alkenes in the presence of trisubstituted and disubstituted alkenes has been achieved, and the ability to conduct the reaction on a gram scale has been demonstrated. The mild conditions and high tolerance for auxiliary functionality make this method suitable for the synthesis and derivatization of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C. Litman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ankit Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John F. Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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12
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Nascimento de Oliveira M, Fournier J, Arseniyadis S, Cossy J. A Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation Approach to α-Quaternary γ-Butyrolactones. Org Lett 2016; 19:14-17. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marllon Nascimento de Oliveira
- Laboratoire de
Chimie Organique,
Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI) - ESPCI Paris/CNRS
(UMR8231), PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jeremy Fournier
- Laboratoire de
Chimie Organique,
Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI) - ESPCI Paris/CNRS
(UMR8231), PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Stellios Arseniyadis
- Laboratoire de
Chimie Organique,
Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI) - ESPCI Paris/CNRS
(UMR8231), PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Laboratoire de
Chimie Organique,
Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI) - ESPCI Paris/CNRS
(UMR8231), PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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13
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Schwarz KJ, Amos JL, Klein JC, Do DT, Snaddon TN. Uniting C1-Ammonium Enolates and Transition Metal Electrophiles via Cooperative Catalysis: The Direct Asymmetric α-Allylation of Aryl Acetic Acid Esters. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5214-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jessica L. Amos
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - J. Cullen Klein
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Dung T. Do
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Thomas N. Snaddon
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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14
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Kazmaier U. Non-stabilized enolates – versatile nucleophiles in transition metal-catalysed allylic alkylations. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00192k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review covers new developments in the transition metal-catalyzed allylic alkylations of non-stabilized enolates, preferentially generated from ketone, esters or amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uli Kazmaier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Saarland University
- 66041 Saarbrücken
- Germany
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