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Matsushima Y, Iwata K. Gram-scale approach for β-costic acid via allylic oxidation of β-selinene. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024:zbae052. [PMID: 38692843 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
β-Costic acid is a sesquiterpene phytoalexin with acaricidal activity against Varroa destructor and antitrypanosomal activity. A concise and efficient method was developed for the synthesis of β-costic acid via the allylic oxidation of β-selinene, a component of celery seed oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Matsushima
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Kosuke Iwata
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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2
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Zhao M, Tao Z, Wang L, Wang T, Wang C, Li S, Huang S, Wei Y, Jiang T, Li P. Structural modification of (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nontriene enhances its ability to kill Plutella xylostella insect pests. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:3280-3289. [PMID: 37085948 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant secondary metabolites and their modified derivatives play an important role in the discovery and development of novel insecticides. The natural plant product (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nontriene (DMNT) has been proven to be able to effectively repel and kill the lepidopteran insect pest Plutella xylostella. RESULTS In this study, four oxygenated derivatives of DMNT were synthesized by allylic hydroxylation and subsequent etherification or esterification. Bioassays on P. xylostella larvae showed that the compounds DMNT-OCH3 (2), DMNT-OCy (3) and DMNT-OAc (4) were more toxic to the larvae than DMNT alone. The most pronounced effect was observed for compound 2, which showed a 22.23% increase in lethality at a concentration of 0.25 μm. Moreover, the peritrophic matrix (PM) barrier in the insect midgut was more severely damaged by compounds 2, 3 and 4 than by DMNT. The median lethal concentration (LC50 , 48 h) of compounds 2, 3 and 4 on P. xylostella was determined to be 0.98, 1.13 and 1.11 mg mL-1 , respectively, which is much lower than the commercial insecticides eucalyptol (2.89 mg mL-1 ) and thymol (2.45 mg mL-1 ). CONCLUSION These results suggested that oxygenated DMNT derivatives offer a significantly improved killing effect over DMNT on P. xylostella. This work has provided a basis for further design, structural modification and development of DMNT as botanical insecticides. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Zhao
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Wang
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Tengyue Wang
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanhong Wang
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuai Li
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shijie Huang
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuming Wei
- The School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Taoshan Jiang
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Peijin Li
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Koo J, Kim M, Shin KJ, Seo JH. Non-Palladium-Catalyzed Approach to the Synthesis of ( E)-3-(1,3-Diarylallylidene)Oxindoles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165304. [PMID: 36014539 PMCID: PMC9415770 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two novel synthetic approaches for synthesizing (E)-3-(1,3-diarylallylidene)oxindoles from oxindole were developed. All previously reported methods for synthesizing 3-(1,3-diarylallylidene)oxindoles utilized palladium-catalyzed reactions as a key step to form this unique skeleton. Despite high efficiency, palladium-catalyzed reactions have limitations in terms of substrate scope. Especially, an iodoaryl moiety cannot be introduced by the previous methods due to its high reactivity toward the palladium catalyst. Our Knoevenagel/allylic oxidation/Wittig and Knoevenagel/aldol/dehydration strategies complement each other and show broad substrate scope, including substrates with iodoaryl groups. The current methods utilized acetophenones, benzylidene phosphonium ylides, and benzaldehydes that are commercially available or easily accessible. Thus, the current synthetic approaches to (E)-3-(1,3-diarylallyldiene)oxindoles are readily amendable for variety of oxindole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jae Hong Seo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2164-6531; Fax: +82-2-2164-4059
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Bagnarelli L, Dolmella A, Santini C, Vallesi R, Giacomantonio R, Gabrielli S, Pellei M. A New Dimeric Copper(II) Complex of Hexyl Bis(pyrazolyl)acetate Ligand as an Efficient Catalyst for Allylic Oxidations. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206271. [PMID: 34684852 PMCID: PMC8541649 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new dimeric copper(II) bromide complex, [Cu(LOHex)Br(μ-Br)]2 (1), was prepared by a reaction of CuBr2 with the hexyl bis(pyrazol-1-yl)acetate ligand (LOHex) in acetonitrile solution and fully characterized in the solid state and in solution. The crystal structure of 1 was also determined: the complex is interlinked by two bridging bromide ligands and possesses terminal bromide ligands on each copper atom. The two pyrazolyl ligands in 1 coordinate with the nitrogen atoms to complete the Cu coordination sphere, resulting in a five-coordinated geometry—away from idealized trigonal bipyramidal and square pyramidal geometries—which can better be described as distorted square pyramidal, as measured by the τ and χ structural parameters. The pendant hexyloxy chain is disordered over two arrangements, with final site occupancies refined to 0.705 and 0.295. The newly synthesized complex was evaluated as a catalyst in copper-catalyzed C–H oxidation for allylic functionalization through a Kharasch–Sosnovsky reaction without any external reducing agent. Using 0.5 mol% of this catalyst, and tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (Luperox) as an oxidant, allylic benzoates were obtained with up to 90% yield. The general reaction time was only slightly decreased to 24 h but a very significant decrease in the alkene:Luperox ratio to 3:1 was achieved. These factors show relevant improvements with respect to classical Kharasch–Sosnovsky reactions in terms of rate and amount of reagents. The present study highlights the potential of copper(II) complexes containing functionalized bis(pyrazol-1-yl)acetate ligands as efficient catalysts for allylic oxidations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bagnarelli
- Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (L.B.); (C.S.); (R.V.); (R.G.)
| | - Alessandro Dolmella
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Carlo Santini
- Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (L.B.); (C.S.); (R.V.); (R.G.)
| | - Riccardo Vallesi
- Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (L.B.); (C.S.); (R.V.); (R.G.)
| | - Roberto Giacomantonio
- Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (L.B.); (C.S.); (R.V.); (R.G.)
| | - Serena Gabrielli
- Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (L.B.); (C.S.); (R.V.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (M.P.); Tel.: +39-0737-402219 (S.G.); +39-0737-402213 (M.P.)
| | - Maura Pellei
- Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (L.B.); (C.S.); (R.V.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (M.P.); Tel.: +39-0737-402219 (S.G.); +39-0737-402213 (M.P.)
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Mato A, Agúndez J, Márquez-Álvarez C, Mayoral Á, Pérez-Pariente J. Modulation of the Activity of Gold Clusters Immobilized on Functionalized Mesoporous Materials in the Oxidation of Cyclohexene via the Functional Group. The Case of Aminopropyl Moiety. Molecules 2020; 25:E5756. [PMID: 33291309 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoclusters and isolated gold atoms have been produced in a two-liquid phase procedure that involves a solution of gold in aqua regia and rosemary essential oil as organic layer. These gold entities have been immobilized on the ordered mesoporous silica material SBA-15 functionalized with different amounts of aminopropyl groups. The resulting materials have been characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption, chemical analysis, TGA, 29Si MAS NMR, 13C CP/MAS NMR, UV-vis spectroscopy, XPS, and STEM. The Au-containing materials retain the ordering and porosity of the pristine support. Gold content varies in the range of 0.07–0.7 wt% as a function of the specific immobilization conditions, while STEM evidences the presence of isolated gold atoms. XPS shows a shift of the Au 4f BE toward values lower than those of metallic gold. The catalytic activity in the oxidation of cyclohexene with molecular oxygen at atmospheric pressure parallels the Au content of the aminopropyl-SBA-15 supports. This activity is higher than that of analogous Au entities immobilized on SBA-15 functionalized with thiol or sulfonate groups, the activity decreasing in the order Au-NH2 > Au-SO3− > Au-SH. This behavior has been attributed to differences in the interaction strength between the functional group and the Au entities, which is optimum for the aminopropyl groups.
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Puchľová E, Dendys M, Špánik I, Szolcsányi P. Scalable Preparation of Enantioenriched ( S)-5-methylhept-2-en-4-one. Synthesis and Aroma Properties of Achiral Analogues Thereof. Molecules 2019; 24:E4497. [PMID: 31818002 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
(S)-5-Methylhept-2-en-4-one is a key flavour compound in hazelnuts. We have performed its chiral-pool-based chemoenzymatic synthesis with 39% overall yield (73% ee). The four-step aldol-based sequence avoids the use of highly reactive and/or toxic reagents, does not require anhydrous conditions and uses only distillation as the purification method. Thus, such methodology represents a green and scalable alternative to only two stereoselective approaches towards this natural product known so far. In addition, we have designed and prepared a set of new (di)enones as achiral synthetic analogues of the title compound. The results of their sensory analyses clearly show that relatively minor structural changes of the natural molecule significantly alter its olfactory properties. Thus, simple (poly)methylation completely changes the original hazelnut aroma of (S)-5-methylhept-2-en-4-one and shifts the odour of its analogues to eucalyptus, menthol, camphor, and sweet aroma.
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Abstract
The asymmetric allylic functionalization of unactivated internal alkenes is an emerging strategy for the conversion of simple unsaturated starting materials into a diverse range of enantioenriched products. This Perspective summarizes the development of reactions wherein a chiral catalyst facilitates the intermolecular stereoselective reaction between an achiral unactivated internal alkene and a reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liela Bayeh
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Uttam K. Tambar
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
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8
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Abstract
We report the palladium-catalyzed oxidation of hindered alkenes to form linear allylic esters. The combination of palladium(II) benzoate, 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one, and benzoquinone catalyzes the mild oxidation of terminal alkenes with tert-butyl benzoyl peroxide as an oxidant in the presence of diverse functional groups. Selective oxidation of terminal alkenes in the presence of trisubstituted and disubstituted alkenes has been achieved, and the ability to conduct the reaction on a gram scale has been demonstrated. The mild conditions and high tolerance for auxiliary functionality make this method suitable for the synthesis and derivatization of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C. Litman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ankit Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John F. Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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9
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Abstract
The power you're supplying: With the application of an optimized electrochemical approach, the allylic oxidation of olefins, which is an important C-H activation process that provides access to enones, becomes a sustainable, versatile, and potent key reaction for organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Selt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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10
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Abstract
Indirect cholesterol electrochemical oxidation in the presence of various mediators leads to electrophilic addition to the double bond, oxidation at the allylic position, oxidation of the hydroxy group, or functionalization of the side chain. Recent studies have proven that direct electrochemical oxidation of cholesterol is also possible and affords different products depending on the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek W Morzycki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Sobkowiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, P.O. Box 85, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of cytostatic and antibiotic xanthatin (1 a) is reported. As a key intermediate, a bicyclic compound 2 was identified, which can be readily synthesized from methyl-2-furoic acid in diastereo- and enantiomerically pure form. Compound 2 can be functionalized regio- and stereoselectively at C-6 and C-7, allowing the facile introduction of the functionalities found in xanthatin, as well as the synthesis of derivatives thereof. Moreover, a robust strategy for the introduction of the exo-methylene group at C-3, commonly found in many sesquiterpenes, was developed that makes use of masking the alkene in the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl system by O-pivaoyl, which is stable under acidic and mild basic conditions but eliminated upon treatment with strong bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bergmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 941-943-4121
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12
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Weidmann V, Schaffrath M, Zorn H, Rehbein J, Maison W. Elucidation of the regio- and chemoselectivity of enzymatic allylic oxidations with Pleurotus sapidus - conversion of selected spirocyclic terpenoids and computational analysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:2233-41. [PMID: 24204436 PMCID: PMC3817473 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Allylic oxidations of olefins to enones allow the efficient synthesis of value-added products from simple olefinic precursors like terpenes or terpenoids. Biocatalytic variants have a large potential for industrial applications, particularly in the pharmaceutical and food industry. Herein we report efficient biocatalytic allylic oxidations of spirocyclic terpenoids by a lyophilisate of the edible fungus Pleurotus sapidus. This ''mushroom catalysis'' is operationally simple and allows the conversion of various unsaturated spirocyclic terpenoids. A number of new spirocyclic enones have thus been obtained with good regio- and chemoselectivity and chiral separation protocols for enantiomeric mixtures have been developed. The oxidations follow a radical mechanism and the regioselectivity of the reaction is mainly determined by bond-dissociation energies of the available allylic CH-bonds and steric accessibility of the oxidation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Weidmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Hruszkewycz DP, Cavanaugh KR, Takamura KT, Wayman LM, Curley RW. Efficient, Low-Cost Synthesis of Retinal (Vitamin A Aldehyde). SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2011; 2011:2205-2207. [PMID: 23349553 PMCID: PMC3551272 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1260055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Inexpensive retinyl acetate has been subjected to transesterification followed by allylic oxidation to give retinal in 98% yield as a 92:8 mixture of all-trans/13-cis isomers after chromatographic separation. More convenient methods of isolating the all-trans isomer have also been employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian P. Hruszkewycz
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kathryn R. Cavanaugh
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kathryn T. Takamura
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lora M. Wayman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Robert W. Curley
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Christina White
- D. J. Covell, Prof. M. C. White, Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA), Fax: (+1)217-2-14-8024, E-mail: , Homepage: http://www.scs.uiuc.edu/white/
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin J. Covell
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA)
| | - Nicolaas A. Vermeulen
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA)
| | | | - M. Christina White
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA), Fax: (+1)217-244-8024, E-mail:
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