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Aggarwal R, Kumar P, Hooda M, Kumar S. Serendipitous N, S-difunctionalization of triazoles with trifluoromethyl-β-diketones: access to regioisomeric 1-trifluoroacetyl-3-aryl-5-(2-oxo-2-arylethylthio)-1,2,4-triazoles as DNA-groove binders. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6738-6751. [PMID: 38405072 PMCID: PMC10884789 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00083h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present research work, a serendipitous regioselective synthesis of DNA targeting agents, 1-trifluoroacetyl-3-aryl-5-(2-oxo-2-arylethylthio)-1,2,4-triazoles, has been achieved through the one-pot cascade reaction of 3-mercapto[1,2,4]triazoles with trifluoromethyl-β-diktetones in presence of NBS instead of the cyclized thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazole. The present protocol offered a unique approach for functionalizing both N-acylation and S-alkylation in a concerted fashion. The structures of the regioisomeric products were thoroughly characterized by heteronuclear 2D NMR experiments. Facile scalability and excellent atom economy through easily available starting reactants are the notable features of the present sustainable protocol. Targeting tumor cell DNA with minor groove-binding small molecules has proven highly effective in the recent past, drawing significant attention for combating tumor-related afflictions. In this context, the synthesized analogs were primarily screened for their ability to bind with the DNA duplex d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2 using molecular modeling tools. Additionally, the most promising compound 14m was deployed as a probe for DNA sensing and interaction mechanisms with calf thymus (ct)DNA through various spectral techniques at a physiologic temperature of 37 °C. It has been found that the compound demonstrated a strong binding affinity (Kb = 1 × 105 M-1) with double-helical DNA, particularly within the minor groove, resulting in the formation of a stable complex through static quenching (Kq = 5.86 ± 0.11 × 1012 M-1 s-1). The fluorescent displacement assay confirmed that the quencher binds to the minor groove of ctDNA, further supported by circular dichroism and viscosity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra-136119 Haryana India
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research New Delhi 110012 India +91-9896740740
| | - Prince Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra-136119 Haryana India
| | - Mona Hooda
- Department of Chemistry, Gurugram University Gurugram-122003 Haryana India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra-136119 Haryana India
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2
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Aggarwal R, Hooda M, Kumar P, Kumar S, Singh S, Chandra R. An expeditious on-water regioselective synthesis of novel arylidene-hydrazinyl-thiazoles as DNA targeting agents. Bioorg Chem 2023; 136:106524. [PMID: 37079989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
A series of twenty novel (E)-arylidene-hydrazinyl-thiazole derivatives has been synthesized employing α-bromo-β-diketones, thiosemicarbazide, and aromatic/heteroaromatic aldehydes with a simple and facile one-pot multicomponent reaction passageway. This organic transformation proceeds efficiently in aqueous media and demonstrated a large functional group tolerance. The structures and stereochemistry of the regioisomeric product were rigorously characterized using heteronuclear 2D NMR experiments. The binding potential of the synthesized analogs with B-DNA dodecamer d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2 was primarily screened using molecular modeling tools and further, mechanistic investigations (either groove or intercalation) were performed using various spectroscopic techniques such as UV-Visible, Fluorescence, and Circular dichroism. The absorption spectra showed a hyperchromic shift in the absorption maxima of ctDNA with successive addition of thiazole derivatives, implying groove binding mode of interactions, further supported by displacement assay and circular dichroism analysis. Furthermore, steady-state fluorescence analysis revealed the static mode of quenching and moderate bindings between the ligand and DNA biomolecule. The competitive studies showed that the derivatives having a pyridinyl (heteroaromatic) group in their structure, bind with the nucleic acid of calf-thymus (ctDNA) more effectively in the minor groove region as compared with the aromatic substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana, India; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Mona Hooda
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana, India
| | - Prince Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana, India
| | - Snigdha Singh
- Departament of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Departament of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
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Aggarwal R, Hooda M, Kumar P, Jain N, Dubey GP, Chugh H, Chandra R. Visible-Light-Prompted Synthesis and Binding Studies of 5,6-Dihydroimidazo[2,1- b]thiazoles with BSA and DNA Using Biophysical and Computational Methods. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3952-3966. [PMID: 35235320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fused heterocyclic systems containing a bridgehead nitrogen atom have emerged as imperative pharmacophores in the design and development of new drugs. Among these heterocyclic moieties, the imidazothiazole scaffold has long been used in medicinal chemistry for the treatment of various diseases. In this study, we have established a simplistic and environmentally safe regioselective protocol for the synthesis of 5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives from easily available reactants. The reaction proceeds through in situ formation of the α-bromodiketones ensuing trap with imidazolidine-2-thione to provide these versatile bicyclic heterocycles in excellent yields. The synthesized compounds were screened through the molecular docking approach for the most stable complex formation with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (ctDNA). The selected compound was further studied using ex vivo binding studies, which revealed moderate interactions with BSA and ctDNA. The binding studies were performed using biophysical approaches including UV-visible spectroscopy, steady-state fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), and viscosity parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India.,CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Mona Hooda
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Prince Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Naman Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Gyan Prakash Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Heerak Chugh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
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Aggarwal R, Hooda M, Kumar P, Torralba MC. Visible-light-mediated regioselective synthesis of novel thiazolo[3,2- b][1,2,4]triazoles: advantageous synthetic application of aqueous conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:584-595. [PMID: 34989753 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02194j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
From a green chemistry perspective, sustainable irradiation as the power source and water as the solvent have certainly grabbed the attention of chemists in recent times because their use helps reduce the hazardous ecological footprints of organic synthesis. In the present work, we have established an efficient, straightforward and green protocol for the regioselective synthesis of novel functionalized thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazoles. The visible-light-mediated catalyst-free reaction of diversely substituted α-bromodiketones, generated in situ by the reaction of NBS and 1,3-diketones, with 3-mercapto[1,2,4]triazoles under aqueous conditions afforded thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazole derivatives in excellent yields. The structure of the regioisomer has been confirmed explicitly by heteronuclear 2D-NMR [(1H-13C) HMBC, (1H-13C) HMQC] spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic studies. Radical initiating and trapping experiments supported the free radical mechanism for the cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India.,Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Mona Hooda
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India
| | - Prince Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India
| | - Mari Carmen Torralba
- Departamento de Química Inorganica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040, Madrid, Spain
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Aggarwal R, Hooda M. Visible-light promoted serendipitous synthesis of 3,5-diaryl-1,2,4-thiadiazoles via oxidative dimerization of thiobenzamides. J Sulphur Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2021.2005064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
- CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Mona Hooda
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
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6
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Aggarwal R, Jain N, Sharma S, Kumar P, Dubey GP, Chugh H, Chandra R. Visible-light driven regioselective synthesis, characterization and binding studies of 2-aroyl-3-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidines with DNA and BSA using biophysical and computational techniques. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22135. [PMID: 34764313 PMCID: PMC8586366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, fused azaheterocycles emerged as impressive therapeutic agents. Binding studies of such azaheterocycles with biomolecules is an important subject for pharmaceutical and biochemical studies aiming at the design and development of new drugs. Fused heterocyclic scaffolds, such as thiazolopyrmidines have long been used in the pharmaceutical industry for the treatment of various diseases. In this study, we have accomplished a regioselective synthesis of 2-aroyl-3-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidines by the reaction of tetrahydropyrimidine-2(H)-thione with α-bromo-1,3-diketones, generated in situ from 1,3-diketones and NBS, using visible light as an inexpensive, green and renewable energy source under mild reaction conditions with wide-ranging substrate scope. The regioisomer was characterized unambiguously by 2D-NMR [1H-13C] HMBC and [1H-13C] HMQC spectroscopy. In silico toxicity data analysis showed the low toxicity risks of the synthesized compounds. Computational molecular docking studies were carried out to examine the interaction of thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidines with calf-thymus DNA (ct-DNA) and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). Moreover, different spectroscopic approaches viz. steady-state fluorescence, competitive displacement assay, UV-visible and circular dichroism (CD) along with viscosity measurements were employed to investigate the binding mechanisms of thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidines with DNA and BSA. The results thus obtained revealed that thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidines offer groove bindings with DNA and showed moderate bindings with BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India.
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Naman Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Shilpa Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Prince Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Gyan Prakash Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Heerak Chugh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
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Aggarwal R, Hooda M, Jain N, Sanz D, Claramunt RM, Twamley B, Rozas I. An efficient, one-pot, regioselective synthesis of 2-aryl/hetaryl-4-methyl-5-acylthiazoles under solvent-free conditions. J Sulphur Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2021.1975119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
- CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Mona Hooda
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Naman Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Dionisia Sanz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Claramunt
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin2, Ireland
| | - Isabel Rozas
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin2, Ireland
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8
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Kamlar M, Henriksson E, Císařová I, Malo M, Sundén H. Synthesis of cis-Oriented Vicinal Diphenylethylenes through a Lewis Acid-Promoted Annulation of Oxotriphenylhexanoates. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8660-8671. [PMID: 34138578 PMCID: PMC8279482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the synthesis of cyclic cis-vicinal phenyl ethylenes from oxotriphenylhexanoates. The reaction is a BBr3-promoted cyclization of 1,6-ketoesters (1) to five-membered diketo compounds (2). The synthesis is interesting as it constitutes one of the few examples of modular stereoselective synthesis of structures with a cis-oriented vicinal diphenylethylene. The core structure of 2 can be smoothly derivatized, which makes it a promising synthetic building block for further stereoselective synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kamlar
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Elin Henriksson
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Marcus Malo
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Sundén
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.,University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Pan Z, Song C, Zhou W, Cui DM, Zhang C. Synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a][1,3,5]triazines by NBS-mediated coupling of 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05794c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient NBS-promoted synthesis of substituted imidazo[1,2-a][1,3,5]triazines under mild conditions has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexi Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Chan Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Dong-Mei Cui
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
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Aggarwal R, Sharma S, Hooda M, Sanz D, Claramunt RM, Twamley B, Rozas I. Visible-light mediated regioselective approach towards synthesis of 7-aroyl-6-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazines. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Zhang Z, Wang S, Hu C, Ma N, Zhang G, Liu Q. Copper(I)-catalyzed benzylic C(sp3)–H geminal difunctionalization: Successive oxidative intramolecular amidation and hydroxylation. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Gómez-García O, Andrade-Pavón D, Campos-Aldrete E, Ballinas-Indilí R, Méndez-Tenorio A, Villa-Tanaca L, Álvarez-Toledano C. Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Antimycotic Evaluation of Some 3-Acyl Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines. Molecules 2018. [PMID: 29518930 PMCID: PMC6017402 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 3-benzoyl imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines, obtained from N-heteroarylformamidines in good yields, was tested in silico and in vitro for binding and inhibition of seven Candida species (Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Candida dubliniensis (CD36), Candida glabrata (CBS138), Candida guilliermondii (ATCC 6260), Candida kefyr, Candida krusei (ATCC 6358) and Candida tropicalis (MYA-3404)). To predict binding mode and energy, each compound was docked in the active site of the lanosterol 14α-demethylase enzyme (CYP51), essential for fungal growth of Candida species. Antimycotic activity was evaluated as the 50% minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) for the test compounds and two reference drugs, ketoconazole and fluconazole. All test compounds had a better binding energy (range: -6.11 to -9.43 kcal/mol) than that found for the reference drugs (range: 48.93 to -6.16 kcal/mol). In general, the test compounds showed greater inhibitory activity of yeast growth than the reference drugs. Compounds 4j and 4f were the most active, indicating an important role in biological activity for the benzene ring with electron-withdrawing substituents. These compounds show the best MIC50 against C. guilliermondii and C. glabrata, respectively. The current findings suggest that the 3-benzoyl imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives, herein synthesized by an accessible methodology, are potential antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Gómez-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica-Laboratorio de Síntesis de Fármacos Heterocíclicos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-IPN, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, C.P. 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Dulce Andrade-Pavón
- Departamento de Microbiología-Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Bacterias y Levaduras, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-IPN, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, C.P. 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Elena Campos-Aldrete
- Departamento de Química Orgánica-Laboratorio de Síntesis de Fármacos Heterocíclicos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-IPN, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, C.P. 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Ricardo Ballinas-Indilí
- Instituto de Química-UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Alfonso Méndez-Tenorio
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Bioinformática Genómica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-IPN, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, C.P. 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Lourdes Villa-Tanaca
- Departamento de Microbiología-Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Bacterias y Levaduras, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-IPN, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, C.P. 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Cecilio Álvarez-Toledano
- Instituto de Química-UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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