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Kang J, Yeong Kim S, Hee Jo H, Zong K. Triflic Acid-Assisted Regioselective Bromination of Quinoxaline Derivatives Enables a Facile Synthesis of Polymer PTQ10. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400216. [PMID: 38627218 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Poly[(thiophene)-alt-(6,7-difluoro-2(2-hexyldecyloxy)quinoxaline)] (PTQ10) emerges as a promising candidate for donor materials in organic solar cells (OSCs) due to its high efficiency, simplified synthesis, and cost-effectiveness. The acceptor unit of PTQ10 is derived from the alkylation of 5,8-dibromo-6,7-difluoroquinoxaline-2-ol, emphasizing the importance of its economical synthesis for commercial viability. This study investigates triflic acid-assisted regioselective bromination of quinoxaline derivatives and proposes an alternative synthetic pathway for PTQ10. The developed route benefits from concise synthetic steps, a dependable procedure, and high overall yield. Starting with the condensation of 4,5-difluorobenzene-1,2-diamine with ethyl oxoacetate to yield 6,7-difluoroquinoxaline-2-ol, subsequent triflic acid-assisted regioselective bromination produces 5,8-dibromo-6,7-difluoroquinoxaline-2-ol in high yield. Alkylation under Mitsunobu reaction conditions yields 5,8-dibromo-6,7-difluoro-2-(2-hexyldecyloxy)quinoxaline, followed by polymerization with 2,5-distannylated thiophene under Stille reaction conditions to afford PTQ10. This research provides insights into efficient synthetic strategies for PTQ10, advancing its potential for commercial application in OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmo Kang
- Department of Chemical Education, Institute of Fusion Science, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Yeong Kim
- Department of Chemical Education, Institute of Fusion Science, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Hee Jo
- Department of Chemical Education, Institute of Fusion Science, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyukwan Zong
- Department of Chemical Education, Institute of Fusion Science, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
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Kobus M, Friedrich T, Zorn E, Burmeister N, Maison W. Medicinal Chemistry of Drugs with N-Oxide Functionalities. J Med Chem 2024; 67:5168-5184. [PMID: 38549449 PMCID: PMC11017254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Molecules with N-oxide functionalities are omnipresent in nature and play an important role in Medicinal Chemistry. They are synthetic or biosynthetic intermediates, prodrugs, drugs, or polymers for applications in drug development and surface engineering. Typically, the N-oxide group is critical for biomedical applications of these molecules. It may provide water solubility or decrease membrane permeability or immunogenicity. In other cases, the N-oxide has a special redox reactivity which is important for drug targeting and/or cytotoxicity. Many of the underlying mechanisms have only recently been discovered, and the number of applications of N-oxides in the healthcare field is rapidly growing. This Perspective article gives a short summary of the properties of N-oxides and their synthesis. It also provides a discussion of current applications of N-oxides in the biomedical field and explains the basic molecular mechanisms responsible for their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kobus
- Universität Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timo Friedrich
- Universität Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eilika Zorn
- Universität Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nils Burmeister
- Universität Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maison
- Universität Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Patinote C, Raevens S, Baumann A, Pellegrin E, Bonnet PA, Deleuze-Masquéfa C. [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3- a]quinoxaline as Novel Scaffold in the Imiqualines Family: Candidates with Cytotoxic Activities on Melanoma Cell Lines. Molecules 2023; 28:5478. [PMID: 37513350 PMCID: PMC10384284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most aggressive human cancers and is the deadliest form of skin cancer, essentially due to metastases. Novel therapies are always required, since cutaneous melanoma develop resistance to oncogenic pathway inhibition treatment. The Imiqualine family is composed of heterocycles diversely substituted around imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxaline, imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine, imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxaline, and pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline scaffolds, which display interesting activities on a panel of cancer cell lines, especially melanoma cell lines. We have designed and prepared novel compounds based on the [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline scaffold through a common synthetic route, using 1-chloro-2-hydrazinoquinoxaline and an appropriate aldehyde. Cyclization is ensured by an oxidation-reduction mechanism using chloranil. The substituents on positions 1 and 8 were chosen based on previous structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies conducted within our heterocyclic Imiqualine family. Physicochemical parameters of all compounds have also been predicted. A375 melanoma cell line viability has been evaluated for 16 compounds. Among them, three novel [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalines display cytotoxic activities. Compounds 16a and 16b demonstrate relative activities in the micromolar range (respectively, 3158 nM and 3527 nM). Compound 17a shows the best EC50 of the novel series (365 nM), even if EAPB02303 remains the lead of the entire Imiqualine family (3 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Patinote
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 F16, (CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier), 1919 Route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Sandy Raevens
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 F16, (CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier), 1919 Route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Amélie Baumann
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 F16, (CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier), 1919 Route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Eloise Pellegrin
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 F16, (CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier), 1919 Route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-Antoine Bonnet
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 F16, (CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier), 1919 Route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Carine Deleuze-Masquéfa
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 F16, (CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier), 1919 Route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France
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Abstract
Quinoxalines are observed in several bioactive molecules and have been widely employed in designing molecules for DSSC's, optoelectronics, and sensing applications. Therefore, developing newer synthetic routes as well as novel ways for their functionalization is apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauravi Yashwantrao
- Department of Speciality Chemicals Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai-400019
- India
| | - Satyajit Saha
- Department of Speciality Chemicals Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai-400019
- India
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Liu XY, Tan YX, Wang X, Xu H, Wang YH, Tian P, Lin GQ. Nickel(II)-Catalyzed Addition of Aryl-, Alkenyl-, and Alkylboronic Acids to Alkenylazaarenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:4038-4042. [PMID: 32379460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A nickel(II)-catalyzed addition of aryl-, alkenyl-, and alkylboronic acids to alkenylazaarenes was presented. This reaction exhibited high efficiency (up to 93% yield), a broad substrate scope (seven types of heterocycles), and good functional group compatibility. The resulting products can be further transformed to many useful building blocks. Finally, the preliminary studies suggested that the adjacent N atom of the heterocycles was essential for the high reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yun-Xuan Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Xu
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Hui Wang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ping Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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Gao W, Chen Y, Li Y, Tang B, Dong S, Qin H. A Facile Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Novel Quinoxaline-Benzofuran Hybrids. HETEROCYCLES 2020. [DOI: 10.3987/com-20-14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Krishna P. Chemoselective synthesis of 5-amino-7-bromoquinolin-8-yl sulfonate derivatives and their antimicrobial evaluation. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2018.1488714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palaa Krishna
- Department of Chemistry, Geethanjali Institute of Science and Technology, Nellore, India
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Rouhani M, Ramazani A. Perlite–SO3H nanoparticles: very efficient and reusable catalyst for three-component synthesis of N-cyclohexyl-3-aryl-quinoxaline-2-amine derivatives under ultrasound irradiation. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-018-1426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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