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Uekusa Y, Tanioka C, Nakamoto K, Tsutsumi R, Iida C, Enshu N, Nishimura T, Kiuchi F, Kikuchi H. Compound-compound interaction analysis of baicalin and berberine derivatives in aqueous solution. J Nat Med 2024; 78:590-598. [PMID: 38573419 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-024-01804-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Baicalin and berberine are biologically active constituents of the crude drugs Scutellaria root and Coptis rhizome/Phellodendron bark, respectively. Baicalin and berberine are reported to combine together as a 1:1 complex that forms yellow precipitates by electrostatic interaction in decoctions of Kampo formulae containing these crude drugs. However, the structural basis and mechanism for the precipitate formation of this compound-compound interaction in aqueous solution remains unclarified. Herein, we searched for berberine derivatives in the Coptis rhizome that interact with baicalin and identified the chemical structures involved in the precipitation formation. Precipitation assays showed that baicalin formed precipitates with berberine and coptisine but not with palmatine and epiberberine. Thus, the 2,3-methylenedioxy structure may be crucial to the formation of the precipitates, and electrostatic interaction is necessary but is not sufficient. In this multicomponent system experiment, palmatine formed a dissociable complex with baicalin and may competitively inhibit the formation of berberine and coptisine precipitation with baicalin. Therefore, the precipitation formed by berberine and baicalin was considered to be caused by the aggregation of the berberine-baicalin complex, and the 2,3-methylenedioxy structure is likely crucial to the aggregation of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Uekusa
- Division of Natural Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Chiharu Tanioka
- Division of Natural Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Nakamoto
- Division of Natural Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Riina Tsutsumi
- Division of Natural Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Chihiro Iida
- Division of Natural Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Naoto Enshu
- Division of Natural Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Takehiro Nishimura
- Division of Natural Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Kiuchi
- Division of Natural Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Kikuchi
- Division of Natural Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
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Yan S, Xie M, Wang Y, Xiao Q, Ding N, Li Y. Semi-synthesis of a series natural flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides from scutellarin. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.130950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Jiang X, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Sun H, Xu J, Feng F, Qu W. Convenient Method of Synthesizing Aryloxyalkyl Esters from Phenolic Esters Using Halogenated Alcohols. Molecules 2018; 23:E1715. [PMID: 30011871 PMCID: PMC6100006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile one-pot synthetic method of building aryloxyalkyl esters was developed using various types of phenolic esters with halogenated alcohols. The ready availability of both starting materials, coupled with the required simple experimental technique, enables the current synthetic method of producing aryloxyalkyl esters in a fast and efficient way. It is noteworthy that acyl transfer was demonstrated in this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Jiang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Junting Zhou
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy Administration & Clinical Pharmacy, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Food and Drug Research Institute, Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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