1
|
Allen LAT, Natho P. Trends in carbazole synthesis - an update (2013-2023). Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8956-8974. [PMID: 37906471 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01605f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The interest of scientists in the carbazole core has risen steadily over the last 30 years, particularly over the last decade given its presence in several active pharmaceutical ingredients, functional materials and a wide range of biologically active natural products. The continuous development of more efficient, more (regio-)selective and "greener" methodologies to access the carbazole core is thus imperative. This review compares and evaluates synthetic strategies towards the carbazole core that have been reported since 2013, with a focus on their applicability towards the total synthesis of carbazole-containing natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis A T Allen
- CheMastery, Paper Yard, 11a Quebec Way, London, SE16 7LG, UK
| | - Philipp Natho
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ding YY, Zhou H, Peng-Deng, Zhang BQ, Zhang ZJ, Wang GH, Zhang SY, Wu ZR, Wang YR, Liu YQ. Antimicrobial activity of natural and semi-synthetic carbazole alkaloids. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115627. [PMID: 37467619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Since the first natural carbazole alkaloid, murrayanine, was isolated from Mwraya Spreng, carbazole alkaloid derivatives have been widely concerned for their anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-bacterial activities. In recent decades, a growing body of data suggest that carbazole alkaloids and their derivatives have different biological activities. This is the first comprehensive description of the antifungal and antibacterial activities of carbazole alkaloids in the past decade (2012-2022), including natural and partially synthesized carbazole alkaloids in the past decade. Finally, the challenges and problems faced by this kind of alkaloids are summarized. This paper will be helpful for further exploration of this kind of alkaloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Han Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Peng-Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bao-Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Guang-Han Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shao-Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yi-Rong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China; State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Parsons PJ, Natho P, Allen LAT. A Cyclobutanol Ring-Expansion Approach to Oxygenated Carbazoles: Total Synthesis of Glycoborine, Carbazomycin A and Carbazomycin B. Synlett 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe transition-metal-free total syntheses of the oxygenated carbazole natural products glycoborine, carbazomycin A and carbazomycin B are reported. The key step involves an NBS-mediated cyclobutanol ring expansion to 4-tetralones for the preparation of the tricyclic carbazole core.
Collapse
|
4
|
Roy D, Tharra P, Baire B. An approach to functionalized carbazoles from Z-enoate propargylic alcohols. A unified total synthesis of N-Me-carazostatin, N-Me-carbazoquinocin C and N-Me-lipocarbazole A4. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10210-10213. [PMID: 36000534 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03526j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of an acid catalyzed, intramolecular benzannulation of indoles for the synthesis of functionalized carbazoles has been reported. The indole appended Z-enoate propargylic alcohols have been employed. The N-EDG-indoles involve the 5-exo-dig cyclization followed by 1,2-migration to give the carbazole-butenoates, whereas the N-EWG-indoles undergo the Z-enoate assisted Meyer-Schuster rearrangement to give the dihydrocarbazole-4-oxo-butanoates. Utilizing one of the 2-methyl-carbazole-butyraldehyde (obtained from the corresponding carbazole-butanoate) as the key intermediate, we have developed a simple approach for an efficient synthesis of N-Me-carazostatin, N-Me-carbazoquinocin C and N-Me-lipocarbazole A4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debayan Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India.
| | - Prabhakararao Tharra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India.
| | - Beeraiah Baire
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Primer DN, Yong K, Ramirez A, Kreilein M, Ferretti AC, Ruda AM, Fleary-Roberts N, Moseley JD, Forsyth SM, Evans GR, Traverse JF. Development of a Process to a 4-Arylated 2-Methylisoquinolin-1(2 H)-one for the Treatment of Solid Tumors: Lessons in Ortho-Bromination, Selective Solubility, Pd Deactivation, and Form Control. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David N. Primer
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 556 Morris Ave, Summit, New Jersey 07901, United States
| | - Kelvin Yong
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 556 Morris Ave, Summit, New Jersey 07901, United States
| | - Antonio Ramirez
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Dr, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Matthew Kreilein
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 556 Morris Ave, Summit, New Jersey 07901, United States
| | - Antonio C. Ferretti
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 556 Morris Ave, Summit, New Jersey 07901, United States
| | - Antonio M. Ruda
- CatSci Ltd., CBTC2, Capital Business Park, Wentloog, Cardiff CF3 2PX, U.K
| | | | - Jonathan D. Moseley
- CatSci Ltd., CBTC2, Capital Business Park, Wentloog, Cardiff CF3 2PX, U.K
- Scientific Update Ltd, Maycroft Place, Stone Cross, Mayfield TN20 6EW, U.K
| | - Siân M. Forsyth
- CatSci Ltd., CBTC2, Capital Business Park, Wentloog, Cardiff CF3 2PX, U.K
| | - Graham R. Evans
- CatSci Ltd., CBTC2, Capital Business Park, Wentloog, Cardiff CF3 2PX, U.K
| | - John F. Traverse
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 556 Morris Ave, Summit, New Jersey 07901, United States
- Kymera Therapeutics, 200 Arsenal Yards Blvd, Suite 230, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kaur M, Kumar R. A Minireview on Cadogan cyclization reactions leading to diverse azaheterocycles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kaur
- Central University of Punjab Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products Village Ghudda 151401 Bathinda INDIA
| | - Raj Kumar
- Central University of Punjab Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products Village Ghudda, Bathinda 151401 Bathinda INDIA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu Y, Du X, Wang X, Liu H, Zhou L, Tang Y, Li D. Bio-inspired construction of a tetracyclic ring system with an avarane skeleton: total synthesis of dactyloquinone A. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00792d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report the asymmetric construction of an avarane skeleton. The strategy involves a Lewis acid-catalyzed cyclization reaction, which drives the methyl groups of two different configurations at the C-4 site to migrate by 1, 2-rearrangement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanxuan Du
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hainan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Luning Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tabassum S, Zahoor AF, Ahmad S, Noreen R, Khan SG, Ahmad H. Cross-coupling reactions towards the synthesis of natural products. Mol Divers 2021; 26:647-689. [PMID: 33609222 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cross-coupling reactions are powerful synthetic tools for the formation of remarkable building blocks of many naturally occurring molecules, polymers and biologically active compounds. These reactions have brought potent transformations in chemical and pharmaceutical disciplines. In this review, we have focused on the use of cross-coupling reactions such as Suzuki, Negishi, Heck, Sonogashira and Stille in the total synthesis of some natural products of recent years (2016-2020). A short introduction of mentioned cross-coupling reactions along with highlighted aspects of natural products has been stated in separate sections. Additionally, few examples of natural products via incorporation of more than one type of cross-coupling reaction have also been added to demonstrate the importance of these reactions in organic synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaheera Tabassum
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Razia Noreen
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Samreen Gul Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hamad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kehl A, Schupp N, Breising VM, Schollmeyer D, Waldvogel SR. Electrochemical Synthesis of Carbazoles by Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction. Chemistry 2020; 26:15847-15851. [PMID: 32737905 PMCID: PMC7756279 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A constant current protocol, employing undivided cells, a remarkably low supporting electrolyte concentration, inexpensive electrode materials, and a straightforward precursor synthesis enabling a novel access to N‐protected carbazoles by anodic N,C bond formation using directly generated amidyl radicals is reported. Scalability of the reaction is demonstrated and an easy deblocking of the benzoyl protecting group is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kehl
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Niclas Schupp
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Valentina M Breising
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Qian Y, Shang J, Lyu Z, Huang X, Guan A, Xu L, Gong H. Synthesis of
π‐Extended
Carbazoles via
One‐Pot
C—C Coupling and Chlorination Promoted by
FeCl
3
. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Zhongguancundajie 59 Beijing 100872 China
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Xinjiekouwaidajie 19 Beijing 100875 China
| | - Jia Shang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Xinjiekouwaidajie 19 Beijing 100875 China
| | - Zhen‐Hua Lyu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Xinjiekouwaidajie 19 Beijing 100875 China
| | - Xin Huang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Xinjiekouwaidajie 19 Beijing 100875 China
| | - Ai‐jiao Guan
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancunbeiyijie 2 Beijing 100190 China
| | - Li‐Jin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Zhongguancundajie 59 Beijing 100872 China
| | - Han‐Yuan Gong
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Xinjiekouwaidajie 19 Beijing 100875 China
| |
Collapse
|