1
|
Phelps R, Orr-Ewing AJ. Direct Observation of the Dynamics of Ylide Solvation by Hydrogen-bond Donors Using Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9330-9343. [PMID: 35580274 PMCID: PMC9164226 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The photoexcitation of α-diazocarbonyl compounds produces singlet carbene intermediates that react with nucleophilic solvent molecules to form ylides. The zwitterionic nature of these newly formed ylides induces rapid changes in their interactions with the surrounding solvent. Here, ultrafast time-resolved infrared absorption spectroscopy is used to study the ylide-forming reactions of singlet carbene intermediates from the 270 nm photoexcitation of ethyl diazoacetate in various solvents and the changes in the subsequent ylide-solvent interactions. The results provide direct spectroscopic observation of the competition between ylide formation and C-H insertion in reactions of the singlet carbene with nucleophilic solvent molecules. We further report the specific solvation dynamics of the tetrahydrofuran (THF)-derived ylide (with a characteristic IR absorption band at 1636 cm-1) by various hydrogen-bond donors and the coordination by lithium cations. Hydrogen-bonded ylide bands shift to a lower wavenumber by -19 cm-1 for interactions with ethanol, -14 cm-1 for chloroform, -10 cm-1 for dichloromethane, -9 cm-1 for acetonitrile or cyclohexane, and -16 cm-1 for Li+ coordination, allowing the time evolution of the ylide-solvent interactions to be tracked. The hydrogen-bonded ylide bands grow with rate coefficients that are close to the diffusional limit. We further characterize the specific interactions of ethanol with the THF-derived ylide using quantum chemical (MP2) calculations and DFT-based atom-centered density matrix propagation trajectories, which show preferential coordination to the α-carbonyl group. This coordination alters the hybridization character of the ylidic carbon atom, with the greatest change toward sp2 character found for lithium-ion coordination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Phelps
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Andrew J Orr-Ewing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Parker AN, France S. Completion of the Set: Synthesis of the (6,X')-Flubromazepam Positional Isomers as Standards for Forensic Analysis. J Org Chem 2021; 87:813-822. [PMID: 34889596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mounting concern among forensic examiners regarding the emergence of positional isomers as technically legal alternatives to scheduled benzodiazepines has encouraged the preemptive synthesis of analogues as standards. Recently, flubromazepam was identified by the Drug Enforcement Administration for future scheduling, and subsequently, 9 of the 12 possible flubromazepam isomers were synthesized. However, the three (6,X')-isomers proved inaccessible via that approach. Herein, through a redesigned synthetic approach, the remaining three isomers were obtained, thus completing the set and enabling future forensic analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel N Parker
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Stefan France
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Solé D, Amenta A, Campos C, Fernández I. Iron-promoted dealkylative carbene aminocyclization of δ-arylamino-α-diazoesters. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2167-2176. [PMID: 33496297 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04373g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel methodology to access N-aryl proline derivatives using amino-tethered α-diazoesters and cheap, readily available iron salts. Mechanistically, the aminocyclization reaction involves the initial formation of an iron-carbene complex followed by a nucleophilic attack of the aniline nitrogen atom to give an ammonium ylide intermediate, which finally undergoes the iron-promoted dealkylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Solé
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Arianna Amenta
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Campos
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jana S, Guo Y, Koenigs RM. Recent Perspectives on Rearrangement Reactions of Ylides via Carbene Transfer Reactions. Chemistry 2021; 27:1270-1281. [PMID: 32754993 PMCID: PMC7894496 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Among the available methods to increase the molecular complexity, sigmatropic rearrangements occupy a distinct position in organic synthesis. Despite being known for over a century sigmatropic rearrangement reactions of ylides via carbene transfer reaction have only recently come of age. Most of the ylide mediated rearrangement processes involve rupture of a σ-bond and formation of a new bond between π-bond and negatively charged atom followed by simultaneous redistribution of π-electrons. This minireview describes the advances in this research area made in recent years, which now opens up metal-catalyzed enantioselective sigmatropic rearrangement reactions, metal-free photochemical rearrangement reactions and novel reaction pathways that can be accessed via ylide intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sripati Jana
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Yujing Guo
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fan R, Tan C, Liu Y, Wei Y, Zhao X, Liu X, Tan J, Yoshida H. A leap forward in sulfonium salt and sulfur ylide chemistry. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
6
|
Liu C, Chen D, Fu Y, Wang F, Luo J, Huang S. Sulfoxide Reduction/C(sp 3)-S Metathesis Cascade in Ionic Liquid. Org Lett 2020; 22:5701-5705. [PMID: 32614190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A sulfoxide reduction/C-S bond metathesis cascade between sulfoxides and alkyl bromides has been developed to access high-value sulfides without the use of any catalysts or bases. In this cascade, classical Kornblum oxidation is employed to reduce sulfoxides with alkyl bromides in ionic liquid. This protocol features high functional tolerance, mild conditions, promising scalability, and sustainable solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengfeng Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyue Luo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenlin Huang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yan X, Li C, Xu X, Zhao X, Pan Y. Hemin Catalyzed Dealkylative Intercepted [2, 3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement Reactions of Sulfonium Ylides with 2, 2, 2‐Trifluorodiazoethane. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Yan
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Zheda Road 38 Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Bingwen Road 548 Hangzhou 310053 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Xu
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Zheda Road 38 Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhao
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Zheda Road 38 Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Zheda Road 38 Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Weissenborn MJ, Koenigs RM. Iron‐porphyrin Catalyzed Carbene Transfer Reactions – an Evolution from Biomimetic Catalysis towards Chemistry‐inspired Non‐natural Reactivities of Enzymes. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. Weissenborn
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry Weinberg 3 Halle 06120 Germany
- Institute of ChemistryMartin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2 Halle 06120 Germany
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 Aachen 52074 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang Z, Guo Y, Koenigs RM. Solvent-dependent, rhodium catalysed rearrangement reactions of sulfur ylides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8410-8413. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03809d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Depending on the solvent used, benzyl sulfides undergo in the presence of a rhodium(ii) catalyst either [1,2]- or [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- RWTH Aachen University
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- D-52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Yujing Guo
- RWTH Aachen University
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- D-52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- RWTH Aachen University
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- D-52074 Aachen
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|