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Liu X, Dai Y, Bao Q, Li Q, Chen N, Su Y, Wang X. Isolable T-Shaped Planar Silyl Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406089. [PMID: 38781000 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Silyl anions have garnered significant attention due to their synthetic abilities. However, previously reported silyl anions have been limited to either trigonal-pyramidal or trigonal-planar geometries, which confine them primarily as nucleophiles in substitution reactions. Herein, we report the isolation of the unprecedented T-shaped planar silyl anion salt 2 by employment of a geometrically constrained triamido pincer ligand. Theoretical calculations disclosed that the silicon centre in 2 possesses both a lone pair of electrons and an empty 3pz orbital. In addition to nucleophilic substitution reactions with Ph3PAuCl and W(CO)6, 2 readily undergoes oxidative additions with CO2 and 2,6-dimethylphenylisonitrile at room temperature. Furthermore, under mild conditions, compound 2 cleaves Csp2-H, Csp2-H, and H-H bonds in 1,2,4,5-tetrafluorobenzene, an intramolecular iPr group, and dihydrogen, representing the first examples of C-H and H-H activations mediated by a silyl anion, respectively. This work unveils new reactivity of silyl anions owing to the non-classical geometry and electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yuyang Dai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qidi Bao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qianli Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yuanting Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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2
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Prieto-Pascual U, Rodríguez-Diéguez A, Freixa Z, Huertos MA. Tailor-Made Synthesis of Hydrosilanols, Hydrosiloxanes, and Silanediols Catalyzed by di-Silyl Rhodium(III) and Iridium(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:3095-3105. [PMID: 36757389 PMCID: PMC10863934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Siloxanes and silanols containing Si-H units are important building blocks for the synthesis of functionalized siloxane materials, and their synthesis is a current challenge. Herein, we report the selective synthesis of hydrosilanols, hydrosiloxanes, and silanodiols depending on the nature of the catalysts and the silane used. Two neutral ({MCl[SiMe2(o-C6H4PPh2)]2}; M = Rh, Ir) and two cationic ({M[SiMe2(o-C6H4PPh2)]2(NCMe)}[BArF4]; M = Rh, Ir) have been synthesized and their catalytic behavior toward hydrolysis of secondary silanes has been described. Using the iridium complexes as precatalysts and diphenylsilane as a substrate, the product obtained is diphenylsilanediol. When rhodium complexes are used as precatalysts, it is possible to selectively obtain silanediol, hydrosilanol, and hydrosiloxane depending on the catalysts (neutral or cationic) and the silane substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unai Prieto-Pascual
- Facultad
de Química, Universidad del País
Vasco (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Zoraida Freixa
- Facultad
de Química, Universidad del País
Vasco (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Huertos
- Facultad
de Química, Universidad del País
Vasco (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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3
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Gómez-España A, García-Orduña P, Guzmán J, Fernández I, Fernández-Alvarez FJ. Synthesis and Characterization of Ir-(κ 2-NSi) Species Active toward the Solventless Hydrolysis of HSiMe(OSiMe 3) 2. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16282-16294. [PMID: 36194856 PMCID: PMC10468103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [IrH(Cl)(κ2-NSitBu2)(coe)] (1) with 1 equiv of PCy3 (or PHtBu2) gives the species [IrH(Cl)(κ2-NSitBu2)(L)] (L = PCy3, 2a; PHtBu2, 2b), which reacts with 1 equiv of AgOTf to afford [IrH(OTf)(κ2-NSitBu2)(L)] (L = PCy3, 3a and PHtBu2, 3b). Complexes 2a, 2b, 3a, and 3b have been characterized by means of NMR spectroscopy and HR-MS. The solid-state structures of complexes 2a, 2b, and 3a have been determined by X-ray diffraction studies. The reversible coordination of water to 3a, 3b, and 4 to afford the corresponding adduct [IrH(OTf)(κ2-NSitBu2)(L)(H2O)] (L = PCy3, 3a-H2O; PHtBu2, 3b-H2O; coe, 4-H2O) has been demonstrated spectroscopically by NMR studies. The structure of complexes 3b-H2O and 4-H2O have been determined by X-ray diffraction studies. Computational analyses of the interaction between neutral [NSitBu2]• and [Ir(H)L(X)]• fragments in Ir-NSitBu2 species confirm the electron-sharing nature of the Ir-Si bond and the significant role of electrostatics in the interaction between the transition metal fragment and the κ2-NSitBu2 ligand. The activity of Ir-(κ2-NSitBu2) species as catalysts for the hydrolysis of HSiMe(OSiMe3)2 depends on the nature of the ancillary ligands. Thus, while the triflate derivatives are active, the related chloride species show no activity. The best catalytic performance has been obtained when using complexes 3a, with triflate and PCy3 ligands, as a catalyst precursor, which allows the selective obtention of the corresponding silanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Gómez-España
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química
y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza−CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, Zaragoza50009, Spain
- Universidad
Pedagógica Nacional Francisco Morazán-UPNFM, Tegucigalpa11101, Honduras
| | - Pilar García-Orduña
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química
y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza−CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, Zaragoza50009, Spain
| | - Jefferson Guzmán
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química
y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza−CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, Zaragoza50009, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid28040, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Fernández-Alvarez
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica-Instituto de Síntesis Química
y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza−CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, Zaragoza50009, Spain
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4
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Gao H, Battley A, Leitao EM. The ultimate Lewis acid catalyst: using tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane to create bespoke siloxane architectures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7451-7465. [PMID: 35726789 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00441k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The breadth of utility of a commercially available and stable strong Lewis acid catalyst, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane, has been explored, highlighting its use towards a wide range of unique siloxane products and their corresponding applications. This article focuses on the variety of different outcomes that this impressive borane offers in controlled and selective manners by the variation of reaction conditions, precursor functionalities, reagent or catalyst loading, and the mechanistic considerations that contribute. With a predominant focus on the Piers-Rubinsztajn reaction and its modifications, tris(pentaflurophenyl)borane's utility is highlighted in the synthesis of linear, cyclic and macrocyclic siloxanes, aryl-/alkoxysiloxanes, and other bespoke products. The significance of the catalytic transformation within the field of siloxane chemistry is discussed alongside some of the challenges that arise from using the borane catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetian Gao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. .,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Battley
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Erin M Leitao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. .,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand
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5
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Abe S, Inagawa Y, Kobayashi R, Ishida S, Iwamoto T. Silyl(silylene) Coinage Metal Complexes Obtained from Isolable Cyclic Alkylsilylenes. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Inagawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryo Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shintaro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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6
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Dong Y, Zhang P, Fan Q, Du X, Xie S, Sun H, Li X, Fuhr O, Fenske D. The Effect of Substituents on the Formation of Silyl [PSiP] Pincer Cobalt(I) Complexes and Catalytic Application in Both Nitrogen Silylation and Alkene Hydrosilylation. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:16489-16499. [PMID: 33108179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Four different [PSiP]-pincer ligands L1-L4 ((2-Ph2PC6H4)2SiHR (R = H (L1) and Ph (L2)) and (2-iPr2PC6H4)2SiHR' (R' = Ph (L3) and H (L4)) were used to investigate the effect of substituents at P and/or Si atom of the [PSiP] pincer ligands on the formation of silyl cobalt(I) complexes by the reactions with CoMe(PMe3)4 via Si-H cleavage. Two penta-coordinated silyl cobalt(I) complexes, (2-Ph2PC6H4)2HSiCo(PMe3)2 (1) and (2-Ph2PC6H4)2PhSiCo(PMe3)2 (2), were obtained from the reactions of L1 and L2 with CoMe(PMe3)4, respectively. Under similar reaction conditions, a tetra-coordinated cobalt(I) complex (2-iPr2PC6H4)2PhSiCo(PMe3) (3) was isolated from the interaction of L3 with CoMe(PMe3)4. It was found that, only in the case of ligand L4, silyl dinitrogen cobalt(I) complex 4, [(2-iPr2PC6H4)2HSiCo(N2)(PMe3)], was formed. Our results indicate that the increasing of electron cloud density at the Co center is beneficial for the formation of a dinitrogen cobalt complex because the large electron density at Co center leads to the enhancement of the π-backbonding from cobalt to the coordinated N2. It was found that silyl dinitrogen cobalt(I) complex 4 is an effective catalyst for catalytic transformation of dinitrogen into silylamine. Among these four silyl cobalt(I) complexes, complex 1 is the best catalyst for hydrosilylation of alkenes with excellent regioselectivity. For aromatic alkenes, catalyst 1 provided Markovnikov products, while for aliphatic alkenes, anti-Markovnikov products could be obtained. Both catalytic reaction mechanisms were proposed and discussed. The molecular structures of complexes 1-4 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250100 Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250100 Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250100 Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250100 Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangqing Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250100 Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250100 Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Shanda Nanlu 27, 250100 Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institut für Nanotechnologie (INT) und Karlsruher Nano-Micro-Facility (KNMF), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dieter Fenske
- Institut für Nanotechnologie (INT) und Karlsruher Nano-Micro-Facility (KNMF), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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7
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Tsuchido Y, Okuma K, Osakada K, Ide T. Transformation of Thiolatogold(I) to an Au Complex with an (Arylthio)silyl Ligand. Use of an (Aminosilyl)boronic Ester as a Silylene Precursor. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Tsuchido
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuki Okuma
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tomohito Ide
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tokyo College, 1220-2 Kunugida-machi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 193-0997, Japan
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8
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Rabanzo-Castillo KM, Kumar VB, Söhnel T, Leitao EM. Catalytic Synthesis of Oligosiloxanes Mediated by an Air Stable Catalyst, (C 6F 5) 3B(OH 2). Front Chem 2020; 8:477. [PMID: 32656180 PMCID: PMC7325218 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The utility of (C6F5)3B(OH2) as catalyst for the simple and environmentally benign synthesis of oligosiloxanes directly from hydrosilanes, is reported. This protocol offers several advantages compared to other methods of synthesizing siloxanes, such as mild reaction conditions, low catalyst loading, and a short reaction time with high yields and purity. The considerable H2O-tolerance of (C6F5)3B(OH2) promoted a catalytic route to disiloxanes which showed >99% conversion of three tertiary silanes, Et3SiH, PhMe2SiH, and Ph3SiH. Preliminary data on the synthesis of unsymmetrical disiloxanes (Si-O-Si') suggests that by modifying the reaction conditions and/or using a 1:1 combination of silane to silanol the cross-product can be favored. Intramolecular reactions of disilyl compounds with catalytic (C6F5)3B(OH2) led to the formation of novel bridged siloxanes, containing a Si-O-Si linkage within a cyclic structure, as the major product. Moreover, the reaction conditions enabled recovery and recycling of the catalyst. The catalyst was re-used 5 times and demonstrated excellent conversion for each substrate at 1.0 mol% catalyst loading. This seemingly simple reaction has a rather complicated mechanism. With the hydrosilane (R3SiH) as the sole starting material, the fate of the reaction largely depends on the creation of silanol (R3SiOH) from R3SiH as these two undergo dehydrocoupling to yield a disiloxane product. Generation of the silanol is based on a modified Piers-Rubinsztajn reaction. Once the silanol has been produced, the mechanism involves a series of competitive reactions with multiple catalytically relevant species involving water, silane, and silanol interacting with the Lewis acid and the favored reaction cycle depends on the concentration of various species in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel M Rabanzo-Castillo
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vipin B Kumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Erin M Leitao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Auckland, New Zealand
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