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Chung NT, Dung VC, Duc DX. Recent achievements in the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32734-32771. [PMID: 37942457 PMCID: PMC10628531 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05960j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzimidazoles are a class of heterocyclic compounds in which a benzene ring is fused to the 4 and 5 positions of an imidazole ring. Benzimidazole refers to the parent compound, while benzimidazoles are a class of heterocyclic compounds having similar ring structures, but different substituents. Benzimidazole derivatives possess a wide range of bioactivities including antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antiviral, anticancer, and antihypertensive activities. Many compounds possessing a benzimidazole skeleton have been employed as drugs in the market. The application of benzimidazoles in other fields has also been documented. The synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives has attracted much attention from chemists and numerous articles on the synthesis of this class of heterocyclic compound have been reported over the years. The condensation between 1,2-benzenediamine and aldehydes has received intensive interest, while many novel methods have been developed. In this article, we will give a comprehensive review of studies on the synthesis of benzimidazole, which date back to 2013. We have also tried to describe reaction mechanisms as much as we can. The work might be useful for chemists who work in the synthesis of heterocycles or drug chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Education, Vinh University 182 Le Duan Street Nghe An 430000 Vietnam
| | - Vo Cong Dung
- Centre for Education Accreditation, Vinh University 182 Le Duan Street Nghe An 430000 Vietnam
| | - Dau Xuan Duc
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Education, Vinh University 182 Le Duan Street Nghe An 430000 Vietnam
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Fu J, Yue Y, Liu K, Wang S, Zhang Y, Su Q, Gu Q, Lin F, Zhang Y. PTSA-catalyzed selective synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles. Mol Divers 2022; 27:873-887. [PMID: 35718840 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we developed a convenient and efficient method via protonation of p-toluenesulfonic acid promoted cyclocondensation of o-phenylenediamine and aldehydes for selectively synthesizing 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles. This method displayed broad substrate adaptability and afforded the desired products in moderate to excellent yield in short reaction time. The effect of different substituents on the yield was investigated by extending optimum reaction conditions, which was further confirmed by theoretical calculations. It suggested that the surface electrostatic potential of oxygen atom and nitrogen atom on the substrates played important role in the synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles. Besides, the crystal structure of compound 2t in the orthorhombic space group P2(1)/c was presented. Also, the anti-mycolicibacterium smegmatis (MC2155) activity was evaluated using rifampicin as a positive control. The products (2a, 2b, 2c, 2i, 2j, 2k, 2m) showed good antibacterial activities which were comparable to rifampicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuandong Yue
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejun Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiliang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
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Qi Z, Yang Y, Miao T, Li L, Fu X. Progress in Photocatalytic Synthesis of Benzimidazoles. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhulin Qi
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Huaibei Normal University Huaibei China 235000
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Huaibei Normal University Huaibei China 235000
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science & Technology Nanjing China 21009
| | - Tao Miao
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Huaibei Normal University Huaibei China 235000
| | - Longfeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Huaibei Normal University Huaibei China 235000
| | - Xianliang Fu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Huaibei Normal University Huaibei China 235000
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