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Ngoc Toan V, Son Hai D, Thi Kim Van H, Minh Tri N, Ngoc Toan D, Thi Thanh Mai N, Dinh Thanh N. Design, synthesis, inhibitory activity, and molecular simulations study for d-glucose-conjugated thioureas containing pyrimidine ring as multitarget inhibitors against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, DDP-4, and PTP1B in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. RSC Med Chem 2024:d4md00334a. [PMID: 39185455 PMCID: PMC11342126 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00334a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of tetra-O-acetyl-α-d-glucopyranosyl thioureas 8a-l of substituted 2-aminopyrimidines 4a-l have been designed and synthesized. The latter were prepared from corresponding chalcones 3a-l of p-bromoacetophenone and appropriate substituted benzaldehydes by their reaction with guanidine. The target thiourea compounds 8a-l exhibited significant inhibitory activity in vitro against enzymes that were related to type 2 diabetes mellitus, including α-amylase, α-glucosidase, DPP-4, and PTP1B. Amongst these thioureas, compound 8k with an ortho-methoxy group was the most potential enzyme inhibitor against α-amylase with an IC50 value of 9.72 ± 0.34 μM. Its meta-isomer 8j was the strongest inhibitor against α-glucosidase with IC50 = 9.73 ± 0.72 μM. In the inhibition against DPP-4, compound 8f with a para-bromo substituent exhibited the strongest activity with an IC50 value of 2.53 ± 0.03 nM. In the inhibition against PTP1B, compound 8h with a para-isopropyl substituent had the strongest inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 2.74 ± 0.03 μM. The enzyme kinetics of the most active compounds, including 8j, 8f and 8h against α-glucosidase, DPP-4, and PTP1B, respectively, were studied. The obtained results showed that 8j was a competitive α-glucosidase inhibitor with an inhibitory constant K I value of 9.31 μM. Compound 8f was a non-competitive inhibitor for DDP-4 with an inhibitory constant K I value of 12.57 μM. Compound 8h was also a non-competitive inhibitor for DDP-4 with an inhibitory constant K I value of 12.41 μM. The cytotoxicity of the most active compounds, including 8f and 8k (against α-amylase), 8i and 8j (against α-glucosidase), 8a, 8f, and 8g (against DPP-4), and 8d, 8f, and 8h (against PTP1B) was screened. The obtained cytotoxicity showed that all tested inhibitors were noncytotoxic to human normal cell line 3T3. Induced fit docking simulations of all synthesized compounds 8a-l were performed on four enzymes 4W93 (for α-amylase), 3TOP (for α-glucosidase), 3W2T (for DPP-4), and 1NNY (for PTP1B). Key interactions of each of these ligands with residues in the active pocket of each studied enzyme have been shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Ngoc Toan
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science (Vietnam National University, Hanoi) 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem Hanoi Vietnam
- Academy of Military Science and Technology, Ministry of Defence, Institute of New Technology 17 Hoang Sam, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Do Son Hai
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science (Vietnam National University, Hanoi) 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem Hanoi Vietnam
- Ministry of Public Security of Vietnam, Institute of Science and Technology 47 Pham Van Dong, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Hoang Thi Kim Van
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science (Vietnam National University, Hanoi) 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem Hanoi Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Viet Tri University of Industry Tien Kien, Lam Thao Phu Tho Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Minh Tri
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science (Vietnam National University, Hanoi) 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem Hanoi Vietnam
- Academy of Military Science and Technology, Ministry of Defence, Institute of New Technology 17 Hoang Sam, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Duong Ngoc Toan
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science (Vietnam National University, Hanoi) 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem Hanoi Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemistry, Thai Nguyen University of Education 20 Luong Ngoc Quyen Thai Nguyen Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Thanh Mai
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science (Vietnam National University, Hanoi) 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem Hanoi Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Ha Noi University of Industry 298 Cau Dien Road, North Tu Liem Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Dinh Thanh
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science (Vietnam National University, Hanoi) 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem Hanoi Vietnam
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2
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Li S, Yang L, Zhao Z, Yang X, Lv H. A polyurethane-based hydrophilic elastomer with multi-biological functions for small-diameter vascular grafts. Acta Biomater 2024; 176:234-249. [PMID: 38218359 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia (IH) are two major problems faced by the small-diameter vascular grafts. Mimicking the native endothelium and physiological elasticity of blood vessels is considered an ideal strategy. Polyurethane (PU) is suitable for vascular grafts in mechanics because of its molecular designability and elasticity; however, it generally lacks the endothelium-like biofunctions and hydrophilicity. To solve this contradiction, a hydrophilic PU elastomer is developed by crosslinking the hydrophobic hard-segment chains containing diselenide with diaminopyrimidine-capped polyethylene glycol (PEG). In this network, the hydrophobic aggregation occurs underwater due to the uninterrupted hard-segment chains, leading to a significant self-enhancement in mechanics, which can be tailored to the elasticity similar to natural vessels by adjusting the crosslinking density. A series of in vitro studies confirm that the hydrophilicity of PEG and biological activities of aminopyrimidine and diselenide give the PU multi-biological functions similar to the native endothelium, including stable catalytic release of nitric oxide (NO) in the physiological level; anti-adhesion and anti-activation of platelets; inhibition of migration, adhesion, and proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs); and antibacterial effect. In vivo studies further prove the good histocompatibility with both significant reduction in immune response and calcium deposition. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Constructing small-diameter vascular grafts similar to the natural vessels is considered an ideal method to solve the restenosis caused by thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia (IH). Because of the long-term stability, bulk modification is more suitable for implanted materials, however, how to achieve the biofunctions, hydrophilicity, and elasticity simultaneously is still a big challenge. In this work, a kind of polyurethane-based elastomer has been designed and prepared by crosslinking the functional long hard-segment chains with PEG soft segments. The underwater elasticity based on hydration-induced stiffening and the multi-biological functions similar to the native endothelium are compatible with natural vessels. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate the potential of this PU as small-diameter vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road No 96, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China; CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road No 96, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China; CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road No 96, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China; CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoniu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road No 96, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China; CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongying Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China; CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Thanh ND, Giang NTK, Hai DS, Toan VN, Van HTK, Tri NM. Sulfonyl thiourea derivatives from 2-aminodiarylpyrimidines: In vitro and in silico evaluation as potential carbonic anhydrase I, II, IX, and XII inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14494. [PMID: 38490810 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
A series of synthesized sulfonyl thiourea derivatives (7a-o) of substituted 2-amino-4,6-diarylpyrimidines (4a-o) exhibited the remarkable inhibitory activity against some the human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs), including hCA I, II, IX, and XII isoforms. The inhibitory efficacy of synthesized sulfonyl thiourea derivatives were experimentally validated by in vitro enzymatic assays. 7a (KI = 46.14 nM), 7j (KI = 48.92 nM), and 7m (KI = 62.59 nM) (for isoform hCA I); 7f (KI = 42.72 nM), 7i (KI = 40.98 nM), and 7j (KI = 33.40 nM) (for isoform hCA II); 7j (KI = 228.5 nM), 7m (KI = 195.4 nM), and 7n (KI = 210.1 nM) (for isoform hCA IX); 7l (KI = 116.9 nM), 7m (KI = 118.8 nM), and 7n (KI = 147.2 nM) (for isoform hCA XII) in comparison with KI values of 452.1, 327.3, 437.2, and 338.9 nM, respectively, of the standard drug AAZ. These compounds also had significantly more potent inhibitory action against cytosolic isoform hCA I and tumor-associated isoforms hCA IX and hCA XII. Furthermore, the potential inhibitory compounds were subjected to in silico screening for molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. The results of in vitro and in silico studies revealed that compounds 7a, 7j, and 7m were the most promising derivatives in this series due to their significant effects on studied hCA I, II, IX, and XII isoforms, respectively. The results showed that the sulfonyl thiourea moiety was accommodated deeply in the active site and interacted with the zinc ion in the receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Dinh Thanh
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science (Vietnam Nation University), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Kim Giang
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science (Vietnam Nation University), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Science and Technology, Ministry of Public Security of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Son Hai
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science (Vietnam Nation University), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Science and Technology, Ministry of Public Security of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Ngoc Toan
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science (Vietnam Nation University), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of New Technology, Academy of Military Science and Technology, Ministry of National Defence, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Thi Kim Van
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science (Vietnam Nation University), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Viet Tri University of Industry, Phu Tho, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Minh Tri
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science (Vietnam Nation University), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of New Technology, Academy of Military Science and Technology, Ministry of National Defence, Hanoi, Vietnam
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4
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Hu L, Shi S, Song X, Ma F, Ji O, Qi B. Identification of novel aminopyrimidine derivatives for the treatment of mutant NSCLC. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116074. [PMID: 38142512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Starting from the binding mode of allosteric EGFR inhibitor JBJ-04-125-02 and the key pharmacophore of the third-generation EGFR inhibitors, we designed and synthesized a novel series of EGFR inhibitors, represented by (R)-N-(4-((2-aminopyrimidin-4-yl)amino)phenyl)-2-(5-(4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)-2-phenylacetamide (6q). Docking study demonstrated that top compound 6q spanned orthosteric and allosteric sites of EGFR, and formed three key H-bonds with the residues Asp855, Lys745, and Met793 located in two sites. Biological evaluation indicated that compound 6q showed potential inhibitory activity against Ba/F3-EGFRL858R/T790M/C797S and Ba/F3-EGFRDel19/T790M/C797S cells, with IC50 values of 0.42 μM and 0.41 μM, respectively. Furthermore, compound 6q showed excellent activity against mutant NSCLC cell line NCI-H1975-EGFRL858R/T790M/C797S cells, with IC50 value of 0.82 μM which was superior to that of osimertinib (IC50 = 2.94 μM), JBJ-04-125-02 (IC50 = 3.66 μM), and coadministration of JBJ-04-125-02 and osimertinib (IC50 = 1.25 μM). Cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis assay indicated that compound 6q could promote apoptosis of NCI-H1975-EGFRL858R/T790M/C797S cells at the concentration of 0.8 μM and no obvious cell cycle arrest was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Hu
- School of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis&Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Shengmin Shi
- School of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis&Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- School of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis&Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Fangli Ma
- School of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis&Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Oulian Ji
- School of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis&Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Baohui Qi
- School of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis&Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
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5
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El-Gaby MSA, Abdel Reheim MAM, Akrim ZSM, Naguib BH, Saleh NM, El-Adasy ABAAM, El-Adl K, Mohamady S. 2-Thioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine and thiourea endowed with sulfonamide moieties as dual EGFR T790M and VEGFR-2 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, docking, and anticancer evaluations. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22143. [PMID: 38349267 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The effectiveness of a new series of thiopyrimidine and thiourea containing sulfonamides moieties was tested on HCT-116, MCF-7, HepG2, and A549. HepG2 cell line was the one that all the new derivatives affected the most. The greatest potent compounds against the four HepG2, HCT116, MCF-7, and A549 cell lines were 8f and 8g with IC50 = 4.13, 6.64, 5.74, 6.85 µM and 4.09, 4.36, 4.22, 7.25 µM correspondingly. Compound 8g exhibited higher activity than sorafenib against HCT116 and MCF-7 but exhibited lower activity against HepG2 and A549. Moreover, compounds 8f and 8g exhibited higher activities than erlotinib on HepG2, HCT116, and MCF-7 but demonstrated lower activity on A549. The most potent cytotoxic derivatives 6f, 6g, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, and 8g were examined on normal VERO cell lines. Our derivatives have low toxicity on VERO cells with IC50 values ranging from 32.05 to 53.15 μM. Additionally, all compounds were assessed for dual VEGFR-2 and EGFRT790M inhibition effects. Compounds 8f and 8g were the most potent derivatives inhibited VEGFR-2 at IC50 value of 0.88 and 0.90 µM, correspondingly. As well, derivatives 8f and 8g could inhibit EGFRT790M demonstrating strongest effects with IC50 = 0.32 and 0.33 µM sequentially. Additionally, the greatest active derivatives ADMET profile was evaluated in relationship with sorafenib and erlotinib as reference agents. The data attained from docking were greatly related to that achieved from the biological testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S A El-Gaby
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Zuhir S M Akrim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omar Almukhtar University Al-Bayda, Libya
| | - Bassem H Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nashwa M Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Khaled El-Adl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samy Mohamady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Wang HH, Zhu YY, Chen CL, Huang XB, Liu MC, Zhou YB, Wu HY. Transition-metal-free four-component reaction of nitriles and disulfides/diselenides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:862-865. [PMID: 38131618 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05416k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
One-pot synthesis of structurally diverse sulfurized/selenated 4-aminopyrimidines has been reported via t-BuOK/K2S2O8-promoted four-component reaction of mixed nitriles and disulfides/diselenides. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction proceeds through radical and ionic pathways, and an alkenyl sulfide serves as a key intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Yang-Yun Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Chuan-Li Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Bo Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Miao-Chang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Yun-Bing Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Hua-Yue Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China.
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7
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Saeifard L, Amiri K, Rominger F, Müller TJJ, Balalaie S. Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrimidines through Palladium-Catalyzed Isocyanide Insertion to 2 H-Azirines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12519-12525. [PMID: 37524078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The domino process of the palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of isocyanides with 2H-azirine provides various tetrasubstituted pyrimidines via one C-C bond and two C-N bond formations with satisfactory yields. The title compounds are obtained with good functional group tolerance, high atom economy, and broad substrate scopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Saeifard
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Amiri
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 271, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas J J Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Catalyzed Methods to Synthesize Pyrimidine and Related Heterocyclic Compounds. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review covers articles published in the period from 2010 to mid-2022 on synthetic advances in the formation of pyrimidine and related heterocyclic compounds. Special emphasis has been given to the different types of cycloadditions, taking into account the number of their components and leading to the formation of the pyrimidine ring. Due to the large number of publications on the Biginelli reaction and related reactions, this will be dealt with in a separate review in the near future.
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Komkov AV, Sukhanova AА, Menchikov LG, Zavarzin IV. о-Aminopyrimidine Aldehydes and Ketones: Synthesis and use as Precursors to Fused Pyrimidines. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-022-03141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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10
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Synthesis of 2-Aminopyrimidine Derivatives and Their Evaluation as β-Glucuronidase Inhibitors: In Vitro and In Silico Studies. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227786. [PMID: 36431887 PMCID: PMC9693052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently the discovery and development of potent β-glucuronidase inhibitors is an active area of research due to the observation that increased activity of this enzyme is associated with many pathological conditions, such as colon cancer, renal diseases, and infections of the urinary tract. In this study, twenty-seven 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives 1-27 were synthesized by fusion of 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine with a variety of amines in the presence of triethylamine without using any solvent and catalyst, in good to excellent yields. All synthesized compounds were characterized by EI-MS, HREI-MS and NMR spectroscopy. Compounds 1-27 were then evaluated for their β-glucuronidase inhibitory activity, and among them, compound 24 (IC50 = 2.8 ± 0.10 µM) showed an activity much superior to standard D-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone (IC50 = 45.75 ± 2.16 µM). To predict the binding mode of the substrate and β-glucuronidase, in silico study was performed. Conclusively, this study has identified a potent β-glucuronidase inhibitor that deserves to be further studied for the development of pharmaceutical products.
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11
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Zhang W, Guang J, Fan W, Huang D. Three-Component Cycloaddition of Nitriles: Construction of Bicyclic 4-Aminopyrimidines and Their Photophysical Studies. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13598-13604. [PMID: 36223211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A base-induced synthesis of bicyclic 4-aminopyrimidines by the cycloaddition of three types of nitriles is reported. The scope of the method is demonstrated with 44 examples. Products are found to have luminescence properties and show potential applications as organic luminescent layer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jin Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Weibin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Deguang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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12
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Jakubkiene V, Valiulis GE, Schweipert M, Zubriene A, Matulis D, Meyer-Almes FJ, Tumkevicius S. Synthesis and HDAC inhibitory activity of pyrimidine-based hydroxamic acids. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:837-844. [PMID: 35923158 PMCID: PMC9296983 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play an essential role in the transcriptional regulation of cells through the deacetylation of nuclear histone and non-histone proteins and are promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of various diseases. Here, the synthesis of new compounds in which a hydroxamic acid residue is attached to differently substituted pyrimidine rings via a methylene group bridge of varying length as potential HDAC inhibitors is described. The target compounds were obtained by alkylation of 2-(alkylthio)pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones with ethyl 2-bromoethanoate, ethyl 4-bromobutanoate, or methyl 6-bromohexanoate followed by aminolysis of the obtained esters with hydroxylamine. Oxidation of the 2-methylthio group to the methylsulfonyl group and following treatment with amines resulted in the formation of the corresponding 2-amino-substituted derivatives, the ester group of which reacted with hydroxylamine to give the corresponding hydroxamic acids. The synthesized hydroxamic acids were tested as inhibitors of the HDAC4 and HDAC8 isoforms. Among the synthesized pyrimidine-based hydroxamic acids N-hydroxy-6-[6-methyl-2-(methylthio)-5-propylpyrimidin-4-yloxy]hexanamide was found to be the most potent inhibitor of both the HDAC4 and HDAC8 isoforms, with an IC50 of 16.6 µM and 1.2 µM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginija Jakubkiene
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gabrielius Ernis Valiulis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Markus Schweipert
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Stephanstr. 7, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Asta Zubriene
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Stephanstr. 7, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sigitas Tumkevicius
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
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2-Aminopyrimidinium Decavanadate: Experimental and Theoretical Characterization, Molecular Docking, and Potential Antineoplastic Activity. INORGANICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics9090067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in decavanadate anions has increased in recent decades, since these clusters show interesting applications as varied as sensors, batteries, catalysts, or new drugs in medicine. Due to the capacity of the interaction of decavanadate with a variety of biological molecules because of its high negative charge and oxygen-rich surface, this cluster is being widely studied both in vitro and in vivo as a treatment for several global health problems such as diabetes mellitus, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we report a new decavanadate compound with organic molecules synthesized in an aqueous solution and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The decavanadate anion was combined with 2-aminopyrimidine to form the compound [2-ampymH]6[V10O28]·5H2O (1). In the crystal lattice, organic molecules are stacked by π–π interactions, with a centroid-to-centroid distance similar to that shown in DNA or RNA molecules. Furthermore, computational DFT calculations of Compound 1 corroborate the hydrogen bond interaction between pyrimidine molecules and decavanadate anions, as well as the π–π stacking interactions between the central pyrimidine molecules. Finally, docking studies with test RNA molecules indicate that they could serve as other potential targets for the anticancer activity of decavanadate anion.
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Wu C, Ying T, Yang X, Su W, Dushkin AV, Yu J. Mechanochemical Magnesium-Mediated Minisci C-H Alkylation of Pyrimidines with Alkyl Bromides and Chlorides. Org Lett 2021; 23:6423-6428. [PMID: 34351160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel method to synthesize 4-alkylpyrimidines by the mechanochemical magnesium-mediated Minisci reaction of pyrimidine derivatives and alkyl halides has been reported. The reaction process operates with a broad substrate scope and excellent regioselectivity under mild conditions with no requirement of transition-metal catalysts, solvents, and inert gas protection. The practicality of this protocol has been demonstrated by the up-scale synthesis, mechanochemical product derivatization, and antimalarial drug pyrimethamine preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology. Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Tao Ying
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology. Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xinjie Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology. Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Weike Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology. Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Alexandr V Dushkin
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology. Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
- Institute of Solid-State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Novosibirsk 630128, Russia
| | - Jingbo Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology. Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
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