Intermolecular domino Michael/aldol reactions of α,β-unsaturated esters, aromatic aldehydes, and various nucleophiles promoted with a catalytic amount of a guanidine base in DMSO

Cocatalytic Activity of the Furfuryl and Oxanorbornane-Substituted Guanidines in the Aldol Reaction Catalyzed by (S)-Proline

This work investigated the cocatalytic activity of recently prepared guanidinium salts containing an oxanorbornane subunit in an (S)-proline-catalyzed aldol reaction. The activity was interpreted by the diastereoselectivity of the reaction (anti/syn ratio) and for the most interesting polycyclic guanidinium salt, the enantioselectivity of the reaction was determined. The results indicated a negative impact on the oxanorbornane unit if present as the flexible substituent. For most of the tested aldehydes, the best cocatalysts provided enantioselectivities above 90% and above 95% at room temperature and 0 °C, respectively, culminating in >99.5% for 4-chloro- and 2-nitrobenzaldehyde as the substrate. The barriers for forming four possible enantiomers were calculated and the results for two anti-enantiomers are qualitatively consistent with the experiment. Obtained results suggest that the representatives of furfurylguanidinium and rigid polycyclic oxanorbornane-substituted guanidinium salts are good lead structures for developing new cocatalysts by tuning the chemical space around the guanidine moiety.