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Röder N, Marszalek T, Limbach D, Pisula W, Detert H. Tetrakis(oxadiazolylphenyl)pyrazines: New St. Andrew's Cross-Shaped Liquid Crystals. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:463-469. [PMID: 30512235 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
π-Conjugated molecules with the shape of St. Andrew's cross have been synthesized via fourfold Huisgen reaction. Four 2,5-diaryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol arms are attached to a central pyrazine nucleus. These fluorescent stars, when decorated with a rim of eight alkoxy side chains are discotic liquid crystals. Depending on the substitution pattern, the width of the liquid phase varies within a broad range of 25 °C to 250 °C. In their liquid crystalline phase, the molecules assemble in a typical hexagonal columnar supramolecular arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Röder
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55118, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tomasz Marszalek
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Daniel Limbach
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55118, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Heiner Detert
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55118, Mainz, Germany
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Rajaguru K, Mariappan A, Beneto AJ, Sivaraman G, Muthusubramanian S, Siva A, Bhuvanesh N. Nickel-Catalyzed Desulfitative C-C Cross Coupling: The Synthesis of 6-Aza-Tetrahydroquinazolines and their Solvatochromism. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Rajaguru
- School of Chemistry; Madurai Kamaraj University; Madurai - 625 021 India
| | - Arumugam Mariappan
- School of Chemistry; Madurai Kamaraj University; Madurai - 625 021 India
| | | | - Gandhi Sivaraman
- School of Chemistry; Madurai Kamaraj University; Madurai - 625 021 India
| | | | - Ayyanar Siva
- School of Chemistry; Madurai Kamaraj University; Madurai - 625 021 India
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- X-ray Diffraction Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Texas A & M University, College Station; Texas 77842 USA
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Maiti SK, Jardim MG, Rodrigues J, Rissanen K, Campo J, Wenseleers W. Divergent Route to the Preparation of Hybrid Pt–Fe 2,4,6-Tris(4-ethynyl)phenyl-1,3,5-triazine Metallodendrimers for Nonlinear Optics. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om300745v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Swarup K. Maiti
- CQM-Centro de Quı́mica
da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Manuel G. Jardim
- CQM-Centro de Quı́mica
da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal
| | - João Rodrigues
- CQM-Centro de Quı́mica
da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, NanoScience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35,
40014 JYU, Finland
| | - Jochen Campo
- Physics Department, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B2610,
Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Wenseleers
- Physics Department, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B2610,
Antwerp, Belgium
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Roy B, De N, Majumdar KC. Advances in Metal-Free Heterocycle-Based Columnar Liquid Crystals. Chemistry 2012; 18:14560-88. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Alvey PM, Reczek JJ, Lynch V, Iverson BL. A systematic study of thermochromic aromatic donor-acceptor materials. J Org Chem 2010; 75:7682-90. [PMID: 20973470 DOI: 10.1021/jo101498b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molar mixtures (1:1) of electron-rich dialkoxynapthalene (Dan) and electron-deficient 1,4,5,8-napthalenetetracarboxylic diimide (Ndi) derivatives form highly tunable, columnar mesophases with a dark red color due to a charge transfer absorbance derived from alternating face-centered stacking. Certain Dan-Ndi mixtures undergo a dramatic color change from dark red to an almost colorless material upon crystallizing from the mesophase. Macroscopic morphology of the solid is not changed during this process. In order to investigate the origins of this interesting thermochromic behavior, Dan and Ndi side chains were systematically altered and their 1:1 mixtures were studied. We have previously speculated that the presence or absence of steric interactions due to side chain branching on the aromatic units controlled the level of color change associated with crystallization. Results from the present study further refine this conclusion including a key crystal structure that provides a structural rationale for the observed results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Alvey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Tumkevicius S, Dodonova J, Kazlauskas K, Masevicius V, Skardziute L, Jursenas S. Synthesis and photophysical properties of oligoarylenes with a pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine core. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Abstract
The present review deals with the preparation and the properties of star-shaped conjugated compounds. Three, four or six conjugated arms are attached to cross-conjugated cores, which consist of single atoms (B, C+, N), benzene or azine rings or polycyclic ring systems, as for example triphenylene or tristriazolotriazine. Many of these shape-persistent [n]star compounds tend to π-stacking and self-organization, and exhibit interesting properties in materials science: Linear and non-linear optics, electrical conductivity, electroluminescence, formation of liquid crystalline phases, etc.
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Achelle S, Ramondenc Y, Marsais F, Plé N. Star- and Banana-Shaped Oligomers with a Pyrimidine Core: Synthesis and Light-Emitting Properties. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Laschat S, Baro A, Steinke N, Giesselmann F, Hägele C, Scalia G, Judele R, Kapatsina E, Sauer S, Schreivogel A, Tosoni M. Discotic liquid crystals: from tailor-made synthesis to plastic electronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:4832-87. [PMID: 17568461 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 757] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Most associate liquid crystals with their everyday use in laptop computers, mobile phones, digital cameras, and other electronic devices. However, in contrast to their rodlike (calamitic) counterparts, first described in 1907 by Vorländer, disklike (discotic, columnar) liquid crystals, which were discovered in 1977 by Chandrasekhar et al., offer further applications as a result of their orientation in the columnar mesophase, making them ideal candidates for molecular wires in various optical and electronic devices such as photocopiers, laser printers, photovoltaic cells, light-emitting diodes, field-effect transistors, and holographic data storage. Beginning with an overview of the various mesophases and characterization methods, this Review will focus on the major classes of columnar mesogens rather than presenting a library of columnar liquid crystals. Emphasis will be given to efficient synthetic procedures, and relevant mesomorphic and physical properties. Finally, some applications and perspectives in materials science and molecular electronics will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Laschat S, Baro A, Steinke N, Giesselmann F, Hägele C, Scalia G, Judele R, Kapatsina E, Sauer S, Schreivogel A, Tosoni M. Diskotische Flüssigkristalle: Von der maßgeschneiderten Synthese zur Kunststoffelektronik. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200604203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ranganathan A, Heisen BC, Dix I, Meyer F. A triazine-based three-directional rigid-rod tecton forms a novel 1D channel structure. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:3637-9. [PMID: 17728878 DOI: 10.1039/b706627a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A large, symmetrically substituted triazine-based molecule, synthesized by a copper-free Sonogashira coupling procedure self-assembles to form a novel 1D channel structure that hosts chlorobenzene molecules as guests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Ranganathan
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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Abstract
[Reaction: see text]. The novel synthetic strategy and optical properties of highly fluorescent, triazine-amine conjugated oligomers are described herein. Under basic conditions, aromatic dinitrile compounds, NC-C6H4-X-C6H4-CN (X = NMe, O, CH2), underwent cyclic trimerization of the cyano groups at both ends to give a series of triazine-containing oligomers. The oligomers can be expressed as (2n + 1) mer, where n represents the number of triazine rings in the oligomer. The absorption maximum of an amine-conjugated trimer (X = NMe, n = 1) was outstandingly red-shifted as compared with those of the other trimers (X = CH2, O). In acidic media, the amine-conjugated trimer showed two-step bathochromic shifts caused by protonation. The absorption maxima of the amine-conjugated (2n + 1) mers (X = NMe, n = 1-4) did not depend on n; instead, shoulder peaks appeared in the long-wavelength region when n 2. The oligomers involving alternate conjugation of triazines and NMe groups through phenylene groups showed strong fluorescence in chloroform. In particular, the pentamer was the most efficient blue emitter (PhiF = 0.82). The other triazine-containing oligomers (X = CH2, O) did not show fluorescence at all. Therefore, it is concluded that the emission properties are due to the strong electron-donating and accepting abilities of the NMe and triazine moieties, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Murase
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Chapter 6.3 Triazines, tetrazines and fused ring polyaza systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(05)80056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Lee SJ, Park CR, Chang JY. Molecular aggregation of disklike benzenetricarboxamides containing diacetylenic groups in bulk and organic solvents. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:9513-9519. [PMID: 15491180 DOI: 10.1021/la0493417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We prepared disklike tris(4-alkylbutadiynylphenyl)-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamide and tris[4-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)butadiynylphenyl]-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamide, where three phenyl diacetylenic and diphenyl diacetylenic groups are connected to a benzene ring through amide linkages, respectively. The structures of self-assembled substances were investigated by using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. All the compounds were highly viscous in melt states, and only compound 9 having three phenyl diacetylenic groups and hexyl tails showed a thermotropic mesophase on cooling. The compound with three diphenyl diacetylenic groups and dodecyloxy tails (13) formed a stable gel in THF/cyclohexane. The IR and X-ray analyses showed that in the gel state molecules were assembled into a rectangular columnar lattice and held each other by hydrogen bondings between amide groups. The compound with tetradecyloxy tails (14) formed stable colloidal particles in cyclohexane. The UV irradiation of 13 in a gel and 14 in a colloidal particle did not result in a long conjugated polymer because of the inappropriate alignment of diacetylenic groups for the topochemical polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ju Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Hyperstructured Organic Materials Research Center, College of Engineering ENG445, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
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