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Mahato R, Yadav N, Hazra CK. Synthesis of Azepinoindoles and Oxepinoindoles through Brønsted-Acid-Catalyzed Cyclization of an In Situ Generated Dihydrospiroquinoline Intermediate. Org Lett 2024; 26:3911-3916. [PMID: 38691443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
We have developed a straightforward and efficient synthetic protocol to produce 5,6,7,12-tetrahydrobenzo[2,3]azepino[4,5-b]indole and 7,12-dihydro-6H-benzo[2,3]oxepino[4,5-b]indole derivatives under mild conditions. This annulation process involves the intramolecular cyclization of the in situ generated ketimine moiety via the formation of dihydrospiroindolequinoline, which serves as a key intermediate in the reaction pathway. Several control experiments and spectroscopic studies were performed to elucidate the underlying reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Naveen Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Chinmoy Kumar Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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Kaur M, Garg S, Malhi DS, Sohal HS. A Review on Synthesis, Reactions and Biological Properties of Seven Membered Heterocyclic Compounds: Azepine, Azepane, Azepinone. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825999210104222338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Seven membered heterocyclic Azepine and its derivatives have great pharmacological
and therapeutic implications. In this review, the literature of the last fifty years has
been exploited for the synthesis, reaction, and biological properties of these seven-member
heterocyclic compounds. Most of the mechanisms involved the ring expansion of either five
or six-membered compounds using various methods such as thermally, photo-chemically, and
microwave irradiation. The systematically designed schemes involve the synthesis of different
derivatives of azepine, azepinone, azepane, etc., using similar moieties by various researchers.
However, there is much work yet to be done in the biological section, as it is not
explored and reported in the literature; therefore, N-containing seven-membered heterocycles
still have much scope for the researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Gharuan-140413, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sonali Garg
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Gharuan-140413, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Dharambeer S. Malhi
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Gharuan-140413, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Harvinder S. Sohal
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Gharuan-140413, Mohali, Punjab, India
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Velásquez CA, Torres AE, Gómez-Pech C, Ávila-Zárraga JG, Colmenares F. Role of the base Cs 2CO 3 on the palladium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of two bromoindole derivatives to yield paullone-type products. J Mol Model 2021; 27:9. [PMID: 33392849 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactions for the palladium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of the o-bromoindole and the o-bromo-N-methyl-indole derivatives in the presence and absence of base (Cs2CO3) were explored through DFT calculations. For the base-free reactions, the palladium atom firstly interacts with the aromatic rings of the indole molecule to yield a stable adduct. Once this adduct has been formed, reaction proceeds readily to the oxidative addition intermediate that arises from the insertion of the metal atom into the C-Br bond of the organic fragment. Further steps leading to the paullone (or dimethyl paullone) product, mainly those involving the metalation and deprotonation of the inserted intermediate, are not energetically viable for these reactions. When the effect of the base on the metalation-deprotonation steps is modeled by replacing the bromide ion with CO32- in the metal-inserted structure, a feasible pathway connecting the oxidative addition intermediate with the paullone-type product was located for each of the investigated reactions. The results emerging from this study suggest that palladium can insert into the C-Br bond of the indole derivatives to yield the oxidative addition intermediate (without participation of the base). However, the metalation and deprotonation steps that evolve to the paullone-type product take place via a concerted action involving both the metal and the base. Metalation and deprotonation steps that evolve to the paullone-type product take place via a concerted action involving both the metal and the base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Velásquez
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana E Torres
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnologías, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Gómez-Pech
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Gustavo Ávila-Zárraga
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Fernando Colmenares
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Li H, Ye S, Chen Y, Luo W, Qian P, Ye L. Efficient and Divergent Synthesis of Medium‐Sized Lactams through Zinc‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of Indoly Ynamides
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang‐Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Si‐Han Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Yang‐Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Wen‐Feng Luo
- Institute of New Materials & Industry Technology, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Peng‐Cheng Qian
- Institute of New Materials & Industry Technology, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Long‐Wu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
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Singh AK, Raj V, Saha S. Indole-fused azepines and analogues as anticancer lead molecules: Privileged findings and future directions. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 142:244-265. [PMID: 28803677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The search for new lead compounds of simple structure, displaying highest quality anti-tumor potency with new mechanisms of action and least adverse effects is the major intention of cancer drug discovery now a days. For the time being, indole-fused azepines emerged as a simple class of compounds prolifically designed with strong pharmacological significances in particular of cancer protecting ability. In the recent years from the efforts of our research group, indole-fused heteroazepines, a simple structural class achieved by fusion of indole with oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen containing heteroazepine rings, have known for its superior outcomes in cancer treatment. Surprisingly, the chemistry and biology of these unique families with an amazing role in cancer drug discovery has remained broadly unexplored. This short review is consequently an endeavor to highlight the preliminary ideas over this structural class and to draw the medical attention towards future development of indole-fused azepines and analogues for their promising function in cancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Vinit Raj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Sudipta Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India.
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Xu X, Zhao L, Li Y, Soulé JF, Doucet H. IntermolecularversusIntramolecular Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylations between 1-(2-Bromobenzyl)imidazoles and Aryl Bromides. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Denis JG, Franci G, Altucci L, Aurrecoechea JM, de Lera ÁR, Álvarez R. Synthesis of 7-alkylidene-7,12-dihydroindolo[3,2-d]benzazepine-6-(5H)-ones (7-alkylidene-paullones) by N-cyclization–oxidative Heck cascade and characterization as sirtuin modulators. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:2800-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02493a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-induced cascade of N-cyclization and oxidative Heck reaction of o-alkynylanilines produced 7-alkylidene-indolobenzazepinones (paullones) that have sirtuin modulation activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. G. Denis
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química (CINBIO) and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV)
- Universidade de Vigo
- 36310 Vigo
- Spain
| | - G. Franci
- Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli
- Dipartimento di Biochimica
- Biofisica e Patologia generale
- Napoli
- Italy
| | - L. Altucci
- Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli
- Dipartimento di Biochimica
- Biofisica e Patologia generale
- Napoli
- Italy
| | - J. M. Aurrecoechea
- Departamento de Química Orgánica II
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología
- Universidad del País Vasco
- 48080 Bilbao
- Spain
| | - Á. R. de Lera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química (CINBIO) and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV)
- Universidade de Vigo
- 36310 Vigo
- Spain
| | - R. Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química (CINBIO) and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV)
- Universidade de Vigo
- 36310 Vigo
- Spain
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Tsyshchuk IE, Vorobyeva DV, Peregudov AS, Osipov SN. Cu-Catalyzed Carbenoid Functionalization of Indoles by Methyl 3,3,3-Trifluoro-2-diazopropionate. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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10
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Peshkov VA, Pereshivko OP, Eycken EVVD. Synthesis of Azocino[5,4-b]indolesviaGold-Catalyzed Intramolecular Alkyne Hydroarylation. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Soto S, Vaz E, Dell'Aversana C, Álvarez R, Altucci L, de Lera ÁR. New synthetic approach to paullones and characterization of their SIRT1 inhibitory activity. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2101-12. [PMID: 22286328 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06695e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A series of 7,12-dihydroindolo[3,2-d][1]benzazepine-6(5H)-ones (paullones) substituted at C9/C10 (Br) and C2 (Me, CF(3), CO(2)Me) have been synthesized by a one-pot Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of an o-aminoarylboronic acid and methyl 2-iodoindoleacetate followed by intramolecular amide formation. Other approaches to the paullone scaffold based on Pd-catalyzed C-H activation were unsuccessful. In vitro enzymatic assay with recombinant human SIRT-1 indicated a strong inhibitory profile for the series, in particular the analogue with a methoxycarbonyl group at C2 and a bromine at C9. These compounds are, in general, inducers of granulocyte differentiation of the U937 acute leukemia cell line and cause a marked increase in pre-G1 of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Soto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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Koutsandrea EG, Fousteris MA, Nikolaropoulos SS. Synthesis of new tetracyclic paullone derivatives as potential CDK inhibitors. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2012. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2012-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Stuart DR, Alsabeh P, Kuhn M, Fagnou K. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Arene and Alkene C−H Bond Functionalization Leading to Indoles and Pyrroles. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:18326-39. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1082624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 595] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David R. Stuart
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, (Canada) K1N 6N5
| | - Pamela Alsabeh
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, (Canada) K1N 6N5
| | - Michelle Kuhn
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, (Canada) K1N 6N5
| | - Keith Fagnou
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, (Canada) K1N 6N5
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Lee HS, Kim KH, Kim YM, Kim JN. Synthesis of Tetracyclic Oxindoles from Isatin Containing Baylis-Hillman Adducts via Pd-Catalyzed Aryl-Aryl Coupling and Reduction with NaBH4. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.6.1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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M. Heravi M, Fazeli A. Recent Advances in the Application of the Heck Reaction in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds. HETEROCYCLES 2010. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-10-675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Recent advances in the synthesis of (hetero)aryl-substituted heteroarenes via transition metal-catalysed direct (hetero)arylation of heteroarene C–H bonds with aryl halides or pseudohalides, diaryliodonium salts, and potassium aryltrifluoroborates. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Lee HS, Kim SH, Gowrisankar S, Kim JN. Palladium-mediated synthesis of poly-fused heterocycles from Baylis–Hillman adducts. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Marsden SP, Watson EL, Raw SA. Facile and General Synthesis of Quaternary 3-Aminooxindoles. Org Lett 2008; 10:2905-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ol801028e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P. Marsden
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K., and AstraZeneca Process R&D, Charter Way, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Emma L. Watson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K., and AstraZeneca Process R&D, Charter Way, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Steven A. Raw
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K., and AstraZeneca Process R&D, Charter Way, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
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Aurrecoechea JM, Coy CA, Patiño OJ. Divergent Pd-Catalyzed and Radical Cyclizations of Nucleophilic Cyclic Enamines Derived from Functionalized Amine and Aldehyde Fragments. J Org Chem 2008; 73:5194-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800619m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José M. Aurrecoechea
- Departamento de Química Orgánica II, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Carlos A. Coy
- Departamento de Química Orgánica II, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Oscar J. Patiño
- Departamento de Química Orgánica II, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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Lee HS, Kim SH, Kim TH, Kim JN. Pd-Mediated synthesis of 7H-benzo[3,4]azepino[1,2-a]indole-6-carboxylic acid derivatives from indole-containing Baylis–Hillman adducts. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gowrisankar S, Lee HS, Lee KY, Lee JE, Kim JN. Pd-mediated synthesis of novel pentacyclic benzoazepino[2,1-a]isoindoles from enamides of Baylis–Hillman adducts. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Joucla L, Popowycz F, Lozach O, Meijer L, Joseph B. Access to Paullone Analogues by IntramolecularHeck Reaction. Helv Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200790076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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