1
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Liu DH, Nagashima K, Liang H, Yue XL, Chu YP, Chen S, Ma J. Chemoselective Quinoline and Isoquinoline Reduction by Energy Transfer Catalysis Enabled Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312203. [PMID: 37803457 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
(Hetero)arene reduction is one of the key avenues for synthesizing related cyclic alkenes and alkanes. While catalytic hydrogenation and Birch reduction are the two broadly utilized approaches for (hetero)arene reduction across academia and industry over the last century, both methods have encountered significant chemoselectivity challenges. We hereby introduce a highly chemoselective quinoline and isoquinoline reduction protocol operating through selective energy transfer (EnT) catalysis, which enables subsequent hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). The design of this protocol bypasses the conventional metric of reduction reaction, that is, the reductive potential, and instead relies on the triplet energies of the chemical moieties and the kinetic barriers of energy and hydrogen atom transfer events. Many reducing labile functional groups, which were incompatible with previous (hetero)arene reduction reactions, are retained in this reaction. We anticipate that this protocol will trigger the further advancement of chemoselective arene reduction and enable the current arene-rich drug space to escape from flatland.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Hai Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Kyogo Nagashima
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland St., Oberlin, Ohio 44074, USA
| | - Hui Liang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Lin Yue
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Peng Chu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland St., Oberlin, Ohio 44074, USA
| | - Jiajia Ma
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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2
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Lepori M, Schmid S, Barham JP. Photoredox catalysis harvesting multiple photon or electrochemical energies. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1055-1145. [PMID: 37533877 PMCID: PMC10390843 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis (PRC) is a cutting-edge frontier for single electron-transfer (SET) reactions, enabling the generation of reactive intermediates for both oxidative and reductive processes via photon activation of a catalyst. Although this represents a significant step towards chemoselective and, more generally, sustainable chemistry, its efficacy is limited by the energy of visible light photons. Nowadays, excellent alternative conditions are available to overcome these limitations, harvesting two different but correlated concepts: the use of multi-photon processes such as consecutive photoinduced electron transfer (conPET) and the combination of photo- and electrochemistry in synthetic photoelectrochemistry (PEC). Herein, we review the most recent contributions to these fields in both oxidative and reductive activations of organic functional groups. New opportunities for organic chemists are captured, such as selective reactions employing super-oxidants and super-reductants to engage unactivated chemical feedstocks, and scalability up to gram scales in continuous flow. This review provides comparisons between the two techniques (multi-photon photoredox catalysis and PEC) to help the reader to fully understand their similarities, differences and potential applications and to therefore choose which method is the most appropriate for a given reaction, scale and purpose of a project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Lepori
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitatsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Schmid
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitatsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joshua P Barham
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitatsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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3
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Franceschi P, Rossin E, Goti G, Scopano A, Vega-Peñaloza A, Natali M, Singh D, Sartorel A, Dell'Amico L. A Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Strategy to the Redox-Neutral Photocatalytic CO 2 Fixation. J Org Chem 2023; 88:6454-6464. [PMID: 36760023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report our study on the design and development of a novel photocarboxylation method. We have used an organic photoredox catalyst (PC, 4CzIPN) and differently substituted dihydropyridines (DHPs) in combination with an organic base (1,5,7-triazabicyclodec-5-ene, TBD) to access a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) based manifold. In depth mechanistic investigations merging experimental analysis (NMR, IR, cyclic voltammetry) and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the key activity of a H-bonding complex between the DHP and the base. The thermodynamic and kinetic benefits of the PCET mechanism allowed the implementation of a redox-neutral fixation process leading to synthetically relevant carboxylic acids (18 examples with isolated yields up to 75%) under very mild reaction conditions. Finally, diverse product manipulations were performed to demonstrate the synthetic versatility of the obtained products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Franceschi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Rossin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulio Goti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Angelo Scopano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Vega-Peñaloza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mirco Natali
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Deepak Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartorel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Dell'Amico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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4
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Hu C, Vo C, Merchant RR, Chen SJ, Hughes JME, Peters BK, Qin T. Uncanonical Semireduction of Quinolines and Isoquinolines via Regioselective HAT-Promoted Hydrosilylation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25-31. [PMID: 36548026 PMCID: PMC9930105 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heterocycles are the backbone of modern medical chemistry and drug development. The derivatization of "an olefin" inside aromatic rings represents an ideal approach to access functionalized saturated heterocycles from abundant aromatic building blocks. Here, we report an operationally simple, efficient, and practical method to selectively access hydrosilylated and reduced N-heterocycles from bicyclic aromatics via a key diradical intermediate. This approach is expected to facilitate complex heterocycle functionalizations that enable access to novel medicinally relevant scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Cuong Vo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Rohan R. Merchant
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Si-Jie Chen
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jonathan M. E. Hughes
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Byron K. Peters
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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5
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Simoncelli APP, Pereira LG, Teixeira LR, Farias LS, Fleming FP, Corrêa RJ, Pepe IM, Ndiaye PM, Tavares FW. Photochemical reactor for selective hydrogenation of asphaltene molecules at room temperature in absence of a catalyst. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-022-00288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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6
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A room-temperature-stable electride and its reactivity: Reductive benzene/pyridine couplings and solvent-free Birch reductions. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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7
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Burrows J, Kamo S, Koide K. Scalable Birch reduction with lithium and ethylenediamine in tetrahydrofuran. Science 2021; 374:741-746. [PMID: 34735232 DOI: 10.1126/science.abk3099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- James Burrows
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Shogo Kamo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Kazunori Koide
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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8
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Cole JP, Chen DF, Kudisch M, Pearson RM, Lim CH, Miyake GM. Organocatalyzed Birch Reduction Driven by Visible Light. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13573-13581. [PMID: 32662645 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Birch reduction is a powerful synthetic methodology that uses solvated electrons to convert inert arenes to 1,4-cyclohexadienes-valuable intermediates for building molecular complexity. Birch reductions traditionally employ alkali metals dissolved in ammonia to produce a solvated electron for the reduction of unactivated arenes such as benzene (Ered < -3.42 V vs SCE). Photoredox catalysts have been gaining popularity in highly reducing applications, but none have been reported to demonstrate reduction potentials powerful enough to reduce benzene. Here, we introduce benzo[ghi]perylene imides as new organic photoredox catalysts for Birch reductions performed at ambient temperature and driven by visible light from commercially available LEDs. Using low catalyst loadings (<1 mol percent), benzene and other functionalized arenes were selectively transformed to 1,4-cyclohexadienes in moderate to good yields in a completely metal-free reaction. Mechanistic studies support that this unprecedented visible-light-induced reactivity is enabled by the ability of the organic photoredox catalyst to harness the energy from two visible-light photons to affect a single, high-energy chemical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Cole
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Dian-Feng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Max Kudisch
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Ryan M Pearson
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Chern-Hooi Lim
- New Iridium Incorporated, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Garret M Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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9
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Chatterjee A, König B. Birch-Type Photoreduction of Arenes and Heteroarenes by Sensitized Electron Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14289-14294. [PMID: 31379035 PMCID: PMC6790943 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The direct reduction of arenes and heteroarenes by visible-light irradiation remains challenging, as the energy of a single photon is not sufficient for breaking aromatic stabilization. Shown herein is that the energy accumulation of two visible-light photons allows the dearomatization of arenes and heteroarenes. Mechanistic investigations confirm that the combination of energy-transfer and electron-transfer processes generates an arene radical anion, which is subsequently trapped by hydrogen-atom transfer and finally protonated to form the dearomatized product. The photoreduction converts planar aromatic feedstock compounds into molecular skeletons that are of use in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamitra Chatterjee
- Universität RegensburgFakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Burkhard König
- Universität RegensburgFakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie93040RegensburgGermany
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10
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Chatterjee A, König B. Birch‐Type Photoreduction of Arenes and Heteroarenes by Sensitized Electron Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anamitra Chatterjee
- Universität Regensburg Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Universität Regensburg Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie 93040 Regensburg Germany
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11
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Strontium-mediated selective protonation of unsaturated linkage of aromatic hydrocarbons and these derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Peres RM, da S. Souza R, Fleming FP, Freire F, Nardecchia S, Romani EC, Simões G, Corrêa RJ. Metal-free photochemical hydrogen storage in aromatic compounds. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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13
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Fukuyama T, Fujita Y, Miyoshi H, Ryu I, Kao SC, Wu YK. Electron transfer-induced reduction of organic halides with amines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5582-5585. [PMID: 29766164 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02445f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of a variety of organo halides was examined by using amines as a sacrificial hydrogen source. UV light-induced reduction of vinyl and aryl halides with triethylamine proceeded smoothly to give the corresponding reduced products. High temperature heating also caused the reduction and DABCO (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) also served as a good reducing reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Fukuyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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14
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Zhao G, Yuan LZ, Alami M, Provot O. Chlorotrimethylsilane and Sodium Iodide: A Remarkable Metal-Free Association for the Desulfurization of Benzylic Dithioketals under Mild Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangkuan Zhao
- BioCIS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Univ Paris-Sud, CNRS; University Paris Saclay; 92290 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Ling-Zhi Yuan
- BioCIS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Univ Paris-Sud, CNRS; University Paris Saclay; 92290 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Mouad Alami
- BioCIS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Univ Paris-Sud, CNRS; University Paris Saclay; 92290 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Olivier Provot
- BioCIS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Univ Paris-Sud, CNRS; University Paris Saclay; 92290 Châtenay-Malabry France
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15
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McCallum T, Pitre SP, Morin M, Scaiano JC, Barriault L. The photochemical alkylation and reduction of heteroarenes. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7412-7418. [PMID: 29163892 PMCID: PMC5674141 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03768f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The functionalization of heteroarenes has been integral to the structural diversification of medicinally active molecules such as quinolines, pyridines, and phenanthridines. Electron-deficient heteroarenes are electronically compatible to react with relatively nucleophilic free radicals such as hydroxyalkyl. However, the radical functionalization of such heteroarenes has been marked by the use of transition-metal catalyzed processes that require initiators and stoichiometric oxidants. Herein, we describe the photochemical alkylation of quinolines, pyridines and phenanthridines, where through direct excitation of the protonated heterocycle, alcohols and ethers, such as methanol and THF, can serve as alkylating agents. We also report the discovery of a photochemical reduction of these heteroarenes using only iPrOH and HCl. Mechanistic studies to elucidate the underlying mechanism of these transformations, and preliminary results on catalytic methylations are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- T McCallum
- Centre for Catalysis , Research and Innovation , Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 , Canada . ;
| | - S P Pitre
- Centre for Catalysis , Research and Innovation , Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 , Canada . ;
| | - M Morin
- Centre for Catalysis , Research and Innovation , Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 , Canada . ;
| | - J C Scaiano
- Centre for Catalysis , Research and Innovation , Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 , Canada . ;
| | - L Barriault
- Centre for Catalysis , Research and Innovation , Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 , Canada . ;
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16
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Lantaño B, Aguirre JM, Drago EV, de la Faba DJ, Pomilio N, Mufato JD. Effect of methoxyl groups on the NMR spectra: configuration and conformation of natural and synthetic indanic and tetralinic structures. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:619-633. [PMID: 27957768 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we studied the influence of the methoxyl groups attached at C-7 and C-2' of natural and synthetic 1-arylindanes on the chemical shift of the signal of bibenzylic hydrogen and carbon atoms and J1,2 coupling constants. This influence was also analysed in natural 1-aryltetralins and related compounds that possess methoxyl and/or hydroxyl groups bound at C-8 and C-2'. The methoxyl groups attached at C-7 in indanes or at C-8 in tetralins produce a deshielding signal at H-1 and shield at C-1 and a strong decrease in the value of J1,2 due to the pseudoequatorial location adopted by the aryl group bound at C-1, avoiding an 'A1,3 strain'. Furthermore, compounds with hydroxyl or methoxyl groups in C-2', in the absence of substituents of C-7 or C-8, present a strong deshielding signal at H-1, strong shield of the C-1 signal and a decrease in the value of J1,2 . This is attributed to the stereoelectronic effects of the methoxyl or hydroxyl groups, which we have called 'Asarone effect'. NOESY experiments were conducted to confirm the configuration and conformation of some of the compounds included in this work. This study shows that both effects, A1,3 strain and Asarone effect, must be taken into account when the structure of natural indanes and tetralins is analysed by using 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectra. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Lantaño
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Ruta 5 y Av. Constituci, 6700, Argentina
- Cátedra de Química Orgánica II, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José M Aguirre
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Ruta 5 y Av. Constituci, 6700, Argentina
| | - Eleonora V Drago
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Ruta 5 y Av. Constituci, 6700, Argentina
| | - Diego J de la Faba
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Ruta 5 y Av. Constituci, 6700, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Pomilio
- Cátedra de Química Orgánica II, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge D Mufato
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Ruta 5 y Av. Constituci, 6700, Argentina
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17
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Nowak M, Malinowski Z, Fornal E, Jóźwiak A, Parfieniuk E, Gajek G, Kontek R. Substituted benzoquinazolinones. Part 2: Synthesis of amino-, and sulfanyl-derivatives of benzo[f]- and benzo[h]quinazolinones. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Risch P, Pfeifer T, Segrestaa J, Fretz H, Pothier J. Verification of the Major Metabolic Oxidation Path for the Naphthoyl Group in Chemoattractant Receptor-Homologous Molecule Expressed on Th2 Cells (CRTh2) Antagonist 2-(2-(1-Naphthoyl)-8-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5(2H)-yl)acetic Acid (Setipiprant/ACT-129968). J Med Chem 2015; 58:8011-35. [PMID: 26398218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Various racemic and enantioenriched (trans)-X,Y-dihydroxy-X,Y-dihydronaphthoyl analogues as well as X-hydroxy-naphthoyl analogues of CRTh2 antagonist 2-(2-(1-naphthoyl)-8-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5(2H)-yl)acetic acid (1, Setipiprant/ACT-129968) were synthesized in order to gain insight into regio- and enantioselectivity of the metabolic oxidation of 1 and to verify the structures of four metabolites that were proposed earlier in a clinical ADME study. Analytical data of the synthetic standards were compared with data from samples of biological origin. The two major metabolites M7 and M9 were unambiguously verified as 2-(2-((trans)-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-1-carbonyl)- and 2-(2-((trans)-5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydronaphthalene-1-carbonyl)-8-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5(2H)-yl)acetic acid, respectively, each composed of two enantiomers with 68% and 44% ee in favor of (+)-(3S,4S)-M7 and (+)-(5S,6S)-M9, respectively. Likewise, minor metabolites M3 and M13 were identified as 2-(8-fluoro-2-(5-hydroxy-1-naphthoyl)- and 2-(8-fluoro-2-(4-hydroxy-1-naphthoyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5-yl)acetic acid, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Risch
- Drug Discovery Department, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Drug Discovery Department, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Segrestaa
- Drug Discovery Department, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Fretz
- Drug Discovery Department, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Julien Pothier
- Drug Discovery Department, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
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19
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Sun S, Yu JT, Jiang Y, Cheng J. Cs2CO3-promoted carboxylation of N-tosylhydrazones with carbon dioxide toward α-arylacrylic acids. J Org Chem 2015; 80:2855-60. [PMID: 25695856 DOI: 10.1021/jo502908v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A Cs2CO3-promoted carboxylation of N-tosylhydrazones and CO2 has been developed. The reaction proceeded efficiently at 80 °C under atmospheric CO2, gave the corresponding α-arylacrylic acids in moderate to good yields. This method was featured with (1) the employment of Cs2CO3 rather than (n)BuLi as the base; (2) a reaction temperature of 80 °C rather than -78 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Sun
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
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Construction of polyaromatics via photocyclization of 2-(fur-3-yl)ethenylarenes, using a 3-furyl group as an isopropenyl equivalent synthon. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Electron transfer promoted photochemical reductive radical cyclization reactions of allyl 2-bromoaryl ethers. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.02.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cahard E, Schoenebeck F, Garnier J, Cutulic SPY, Zhou S, Murphy JA. Electron Transfer to Benzenes by Photoactivated Neutral Organic Electron Donor Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:3673-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201200084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Cahard
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL (UK)
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- ETH Zürich Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Wolfgang Pauli Straße 10, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
| | - Jean Garnier
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL (UK)
| | - Sylvain P. Y. Cutulic
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL (UK)
| | - Shengze Zhou
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL (UK)
| | - John A. Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL (UK)
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Cahard E, Schoenebeck F, Garnier J, Cutulic SPY, Zhou S, Murphy JA. Electron Transfer to Benzenes by Photoactivated Neutral Organic Electron Donor Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201200084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hatoum F, Gallagher S, Oelgemöller M. Photodecarboxylative additions of phenoxyacetates to N-methylphthalimide. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Formation of cyclooctatriene and bicyclooctadiene through regioselective intermolecular (2+2) photocycloaddition of benzoic acids to allyl alcohol in water. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yoshimi Y, Wada N, Sasamoto K, Itou T, Hatanaka M. Photoreduction of 1,2-Diarylcyclopropanes by Hydroxide Ion. CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2008.782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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28
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