1
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Bhatt K, Adili A, Tran AH, Elmallah KM, Ghiviriga I, Seidel D. Photocatalytic Decarboxylative Alkylation of Cyclic Imine-BF 3 Complexes: A Modular Route to Functionalized Azacycles. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39263993 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Alkyl radicals generated via an acridine photocatalyzed decarboxylation reaction of feedstock carboxylic acids engage with a range of cyclic imine-BF3 complexes to provide α-functionalized azacycles in an operationally simple process. A three-component variant of this transformation incorporating [1.1.1]propellane as an additional reaction partner enables the synthesis of valuable bicyclopentane (BCP)-containing azacycles. Reactions exhibit good functional group compatibility, enabling late-stage modification of complex bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Bhatt
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Alafate Adili
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Andrew H Tran
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Kamal M Elmallah
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Center for NMR Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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2
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Yoshimi Y. Organic Photoredox Reactions in Two-Molecule Photoredox System. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300326. [PMID: 38050955 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Using our recent relevant results, this account shows the featured reactivities of two-molecule photoredox systems compared to one-molecule photoredox systems. The low efficiency of electron transfer processes, such as photoinduced and back-electron transfer, in the two-molecule photoredox system, furnishes unique products through different pathways. The facile replacement of photoredox catalysts with appropriate oxidation/reduction potentials in this system provides valuable insights into photoredox reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Yoshimi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
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3
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Dong Y, Meng X, Gnawali G, Chang M, Wang W. Photoredox Catalytic Installation of an Alkyl/Aryl Side Chain and Deuterium into ( S)-Methyleneoxazolidinone: Synthesis of Enantioenriched α-Deuterated α-Amino Acid Derivatives. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37326373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A photoredox catalytic asymmetric method has been established for the installation of both aliphatic and aromatic side chains and the introduction of deuterium into the chiral methyleneoxazolidinone simultaneously. Efficient coupling of readily available boronic acids with the chiral auxiliary delivers structurally diverse α-deuterated α-amino acid derivatives with a high level of diastereoselectivity and deuteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Xiang Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Giri Gnawali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Mengyang Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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4
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Exploiting photoredox catalysis for carbohydrate modification through C–H and C–C bond activation. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:782-805. [PMID: 37118094 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis has recently emerged as a powerful synthetic platform for accessing complex chemical structures through non-traditional bond disconnection strategies that proceed through free-radical intermediates. Such synthetic strategies have been used for a range of organic transformations; however, in carbohydrate chemistry they have primarily been applied to the generation of oxocarbenium ion intermediates in the ubiquitous glycosylation reaction. In this Review, we present more intricate light-induced synthetic strategies to modify native carbohydrates through homolytic C-H and C-C bond cleavage. These strategies allow access to glycans and glycoconjugates with profoundly altered carbohydrate skeletons, which are challenging to obtain through conventional synthetic means. Carbohydrate derivatives with such structural motifs represent a broad class of natural products integral to numerous biochemical processes and can be found in active pharmaceutical substances. Here we present progress made in C-H and C-C bond activation of carbohydrates through photoredox catalysis, focusing on the operational mechanisms and the scope of the described methodologies.
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5
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Dmitriev IA, Levin VV, Dilman AD. Boron Chelates Derived from N-Acylhydrazones as Radical Acceptors: Photocatalyzed Coupling of Hydrazones with Carboxylic Acids. Org Lett 2021; 23:8973-8977. [PMID: 34752109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Difluoroboryl complexes obtained from N-acyl hydrazones upon brief treatment with boron trifluoride and allylic silane serve as efficient acceptors of alkyl radicals. The reaction of the boryl chelates with carboxylic acids in the presence of an acridine-type photocatalyst leading to N-acyl hydrazides is described. The efficiency of addition at the C═N bond of the chelates is determined by the formation of a nitrogen-centered radical stabilized by the boron-containing heterocyclic ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Dmitriev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Vitalij V Levin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
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6
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Zoumpouli GA, Zhang Z, Wenk J, Prasse C. Aqueous ozonation of furans: Kinetics and transformation mechanisms leading to the formation of α,β-unsaturated dicarbonyl compounds. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 203:117487. [PMID: 34384950 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread occurrence of furan moieties in synthetic and natural compounds, their fate in aqueous ozonation has not been investigated in detail. Reaction rate constants of seven commonly used furans with ozone were measured and ranged from kO3 = 8.5 × 104 to 3.2 × 106 M-1 s-1, depending on the type and position of furan ring substituents. Transformation product analysis of the reaction of furans with ozone focusing on the formation of toxic organic electrophiles using a novel amino acid reactivity assay revealed the formation of α,β-unsaturated dicarbonyl compounds, 2-butene-1,4-dial (BDA) and its substituted analogues (BDA-Rs). Their formation can be attributed to ozone attack at the reactive α-C position leading to furan ring opening. The molar yields of α,β-unsaturated dicarbonyl compounds varied with the applied ozone concentration reaching maximum values of 7% for 2-furoic acid. The identified α,β-unsaturated dicarbonyls are well-known toxicophores that are also formed by enzymatic oxidation of furans in the human body. In addition to providing data on kinetics, transformation product analysis and proposed reaction mechanisms for the ozonation of furans, this study raises concern about the presence of α,β-unsaturated dicarbonyl compounds in water treatment and the resulting effects on human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garyfalia A Zoumpouli
- Centre for Doctoral Training, Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Water Innovation and Research Centre (WIRC), University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Zhuoyue Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jannis Wenk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Water Innovation and Research Centre (WIRC), University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Carsten Prasse
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Risk Sciences and Public Policy Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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7
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Gugkaeva ZT, Smol'yakov AF, Maleev VI, Larionov VA. A general asymmetric synthesis of artificial aliphatic and perfluoroalkylated α-amino acids by Luche's cross-electrophile coupling reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5327-5332. [PMID: 34042928 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00805f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aliphatic artificial α-amino acids (α-AAs) have attracted great interest in biochemistry and pharmacy. In this context, we developed a promising practical protocol for the asymmetric synthesis of these α-AAs through the selective and efficient intermolecular cross-electrophile coupling of Belokon's chiral dehydroalanine Ni(ii) complex with different alkyl and perfluoroalkyl iodides mediated by a dual Zn/Cu system. The reaction afforded diastereomeric complexes with dr up to 21.3 : 1 in 24-95% yields (19 examples). Exemplarily, three enantiomerically pure aliphatic α-AAs were obtained through acidic decomposition of (S,S)-diastereomers of Ni(ii) complexes. Importantly, the chiral auxiliary ligand (S)-BPB ((S)-2-(N-benzylprolyl)aminobenzophenone) was easily recycled by simple filtration after acidic complex decomposition and reused for the synthesis of the initial dehydroalanine Ni(ii) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zalina T Gugkaeva
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander F Smol'yakov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation. and Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Stremyanny per. 36, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victor I Maleev
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Vladimir A Larionov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation. and Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation
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8
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Kärkäs MD, Shatskiy A. Photoredox-Enabled Decarboxylative Synthesis of Unnatural α-Amino Acids. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1499-8679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRecently, development of general synthetic routes to unnatural α-amino acids has gained significant momentum, driven by the high demand for such building blocks in fundamental research within molecular and structural biology, as well as for development of new pharmaceuticals. Herein, we highlight the recent progress in employing photoredox-mediated synthetic methods for accessing unnatural α-amino acids with a focus on various decarboxylative radical-based strategies.
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9
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Shatskiy A, Axelsson A, Stepanova EV, Liu JQ, Temerdashev AZ, Kore BP, Blomkvist B, Gardner JM, Dinér P, Kärkäs MD. Stereoselective synthesis of unnatural α-amino acid derivatives through photoredox catalysis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5430-5437. [PMID: 34168785 PMCID: PMC8179686 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00658d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A protocol for stereoselective C-radical addition to a chiral glyoxylate-derived N-sulfinyl imine was developed through visible light-promoted photoredox catalysis, providing a convenient method for the synthesis of unnatural α-amino acids. The developed protocol allows the use of ubiquitous carboxylic acids as radical precursors without prior derivatization. The protocol utilizes near-stoichiometric amounts of the imine and the acid radical precursor in combination with a catalytic amount of an organic acridinium-based photocatalyst. Alternative mechanisms for the developed transformation are discussed and corroborated by experimental and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Shatskiy
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anton Axelsson
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Elena V Stepanova
- Tomsk Polytechnic University Lenin Avenue 30 634050 Tomsk Russia
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Jian-Quan Liu
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Azamat Z Temerdashev
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kuban State University Stavropolskaya St. 149 350040 Krasnodar Russia
| | - Bhushan P Kore
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Björn Blomkvist
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - James M Gardner
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Peter Dinér
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Markus D Kärkäs
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
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10
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Wang J, Shao Z, Tan K, Tang R, Zhou Q, Xu M, Li YM, Shen Y. Synthesis of Amino Acids by Base-Enhanced Photoredox Decarboxylative Alkylation of Aldimines. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9944-9954. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Wang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ziyan Shao
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Kai Tan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qingli Zhou
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Min Xu
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ya-Min Li
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuehai Shen
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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11
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Wu G, Wang J, Liu C, Sun M, Zhang L, Ma Y, Cheng R, Ye J. Transition metal-free, visible-light-mediated construction of α,β-diamino esters via decarboxylative radical addition at room temperature. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00407f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free photoredox catalyzed decarboxylative radical coupling of free-carboxylic acids and glyoxylic oximes was developed to synthesize α,β-diamino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibing Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Maolin Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Lei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Yueyue Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
| | - Ruihua Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Jinxing Ye
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
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12
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Zirak
- Department
of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran 19395-3697, Iran
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13
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Yoshimi Y. Photoinduced electron transfer-promoted decarboxylative radical reactions of aliphatic carboxylic acids by organic photoredox system. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Yamawaki M, Ukai A, Kamiya Y, Sugihara S, Sakai M, Yoshimi Y. Metal-Free Photoinduced Decarboxylative Radical Polymerization Using Carboxylic Acids as Benign Radical Initiators: Introduction of Complex Molecules into Polymer Chain Ends. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:381-385. [PMID: 35610853 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metal-free photoinduced decarboxylative radical polymerization of aliphatic carboxylic acids with a variety of monomers was found to proceed smoothly to give the corresponding polymers under mild conditions. Complex carboxylic acids such as those of sugars, steroids, and peptides can function as benign radical initiators via decarboxylation and can be incorporated at the polymer chain ends. This synthetic methodology represents a facile introduction of molecules and functionalities to polymers by using commercially available carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugen Yamawaki
- Department of Applied
Chemistry
and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Akari Ukai
- Department of Applied
Chemistry
and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Yuki Kamiya
- Department of Applied
Chemistry
and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Shinji Sugihara
- Department of Applied
Chemistry
and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Miku Sakai
- Department of Applied
Chemistry
and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Yoshimi
- Department of Applied
Chemistry
and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
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15
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Yamada T, Ozaki Y, Yamawaki M, Sugiura Y, Nishino K, Morita T, Yoshimi Y. Reductive ipso-radical cyclization onto aromatic rings of five-membered alicyclic amino acids bearing N-(2-phenyl)benzoyl groups by photoinduced electron transfer promoted decarboxylation. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Yoshimi Y, Nishio A, Hayashi M, Morita T. Sunlight-induced decarboxylative radical addition of carboxylic acids to electron-deficient alkenes using a millitube reactor. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Lipp B, Nauth AM, Opatz T. Transition-Metal-Free Decarboxylative Photoredox Coupling of Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols with Aromatic Nitriles. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6875-82. [PMID: 27399619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A transition-metal-free protocol for the redox-neutral light-induced decarboxylative coupling of carboxylic acids with (hetero)aromatic nitriles at ambient temperature is presented. A broad scope of acids and nitriles is accepted, and alcohols can be coupled in a similar fashion through their oxalate half esters. Various inexpensive sources of UV light and even sunlight can be used to achieve this C-C bond formation proceeding through a free radical mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lipp
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander M Nauth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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18
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Hepburn HB, Melchiorre P. Brønsted acid-catalysed conjugate addition of photochemically generated α-amino radicals to alkenylpyridines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:3520-3. [PMID: 26839929 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc10401g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The conjugate addition of α-amino radicals to alkenylpyridines has been accomplished by the synergistic merger of Brønsted acid and visible light photoredox catalysis. Key to reaction development was the protonation of the alkenylpyridines that transiently generated a highly reactive, electrophilic pseudo-iminium ion intermediate. Initial investigations using chiral phosphoric acids provide clues on the feasibility of an enantioselective catalytic variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish B Hepburn
- ICIQ - Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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19
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N -Acryloyl amino acid esters and peptides as radical acceptors in photoinduced decarboxylative radical reaction. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Liu P, Zhang G, Sun P. Transition metal-free decarboxylative alkylation reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:10763-10777. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02101h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent advances in the transition metal-free decarboxylative alkylation of carboxylic acids and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - Peipei Sun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials
- Nanjing 210023
- China
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21
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Itoh K, Kato R, Kinugawa D, Kamiya H, Kudo R, Hasegawa M, Fujii H, Suga H. Photochemically-induced C-C bond formation between tertiary amines and nitrones. Org Biomol Chem 2015. [PMID: 26205235 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01277e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoexcited nitrones serve as excellent electron acceptors as well as radical acceptors in the presence of tertiary amines to give β-amino hydroxylamines via photochemically-induced direct sp(3) C-H functionalization of the tertiary amines. The combined use of an organophotosensitizer and photoirradiation was highly effective in accelerating addition reactions. Several nitrones and tertiary amines were successfully utilized to give β-amino hydroxylamines in good yield. Highly regioselective generation of primary α-aminoalkyl radicals based on Lewis's stereoelectronic rule and diastereoselective addition reactions of primary α-aminoalkyl radicals with nitrones were successfully achieved. Furthermore, a highly diastereoselective reaction of an α-aminoalkyl radical with a chiral (E)-geometry-fixed α-alkoxycarbonylnitrone was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennosuke Itoh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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22
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Nagatomo M, Kamimura D, Matsui Y, Masuda K, Inoue M. Et 3B-mediated two- and three-component coupling reactions via radical decarbonylation of α-alkoxyacyl tellurides: single-step construction of densely oxygenated carboskeletons. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2765-2769. [PMID: 29403632 PMCID: PMC5763990 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00457h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The single-step construction of various densely oxygenated carboskeletons was achieved by radical-based two- and three-component coupling reactions of sugar derivatives, without the need for light or heat. Et3B/O2-mediated decarbonylation readily converted α-alkoxyacyl tellurides to α-alkoxy carbon radicals, which intermolecularly added to glyoxylic oxime ether or enones to provide the two-component adducts. Furthermore, the three-component adducts were produced by an intermolecular aldol reaction between the aldehyde and the boron enolates generated by capture of the two-component radical intermediates by Et3B. This powerful coupling method serves as a novel strategy for the convergent synthesis of polyol natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Nagatomo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan .
| | - Daigo Kamimura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan .
| | - Yuki Matsui
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan .
| | - Keisuke Masuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan .
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan .
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23
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Saito H, Kanetake T, Osaka K, Maeda K, Morita T, Yoshimi Y. A strategy for generating alkyl radicals from aliphatic esters and lactones via sequential hydrolysis and photoinduced decarboxylation. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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24
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Maeda K, Saito H, Osaka K, Nishikawa K, Sugie M, Morita T, Takahashi I, Yoshimi Y. Direct modification of tripeptides using photoinduced decarboxylative radical reactions. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Miyake Y. Visible-Light-Mediated Transformation of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds Based on Single Electron Transfer. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2015. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.73.874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University
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26
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Lang SB, O'Nele KM, Tunge JA. Decarboxylative allylation of amino alkanoic acids and esters via dual catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13606-9. [PMID: 25228064 PMCID: PMC4183636 DOI: 10.1021/ja508317j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
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A combination of
photoredox and palladium catalysis has been employed
to facilitate the room temperature decarboxylative allylation of recalcitrant
α-amino and phenylacetic allyl esters. This operationally simple
process produces CO2 as the only byproduct and provides
direct access to allylated alkanes. After photochemical oxidation,
the carboxylate undergoes radical decarboxylation to site-specifically
generate radical intermediates which undergo allylation. A radical
dual catalysis mechanism is proposed. Free phenylacetic acids were
also allylated utilizing similar reactions conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon B Lang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas , 2010 Malott Hall, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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27
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Radical addition to acrylonitrile via catalytic photochemical decarboxylation of aliphatic carboxylic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Nishikawa K, Ando T, Maeda K, Morita T, Yoshimi Y. Photoinduced electron transfer promoted radical ring expansion and cyclization reactions of α-(ω-carboxyalkyl) β-keto esters. Org Lett 2013; 15:636-8. [PMID: 23343206 DOI: 10.1021/ol303460u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) promoted decarboxylation of α-(ω-carboxyalkyl) β-keto esters undergoes radical ring expansion and cyclization reactions. This mild and environmentally friendly method can provide one-carbon expanded γ-keto esters and bicyclic alcohols, and the product distribution is strongly dependent on the length of the alkyl chain containing the terminal carboxylate group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nishikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
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29
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Nishikawa K, Yoshimi Y, Maeda K, Morita T, Takahashi I, Itou T, Inagaki S, Hatanaka M. Radical photocyclization route for macrocyclic lactone ring expansion and conversion to macrocyclic lactams and ketones. J Org Chem 2013; 78:582-9. [PMID: 23253018 DOI: 10.1021/jo3024126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the synthesis of macrocyclic lactones, lactams, and ketones, which utilizes photoinduced intramolecular radical cyclization reactions of substrates containing tethered carboxylic acids and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moieties, has been uncovered. Photocyclization of the carboxylic acids tethered acrylate ester, which were prepared starting from the macrocyclic lactones, gave the two-carbon elongated macrocyclic lactones via decarboxylation. Similar photoreactions of carboxylic acid tethered acryl amide or α,β-unsaturated ketone moieties, which were also prepared starting from the macrocyclic lactones, produced macrocyclic lactams or ketones, respectively. The simple approach can be readily applied to the preparation of a variety of macrocyclic lactones, lactams, and ketones with tunable ring sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nishikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
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30
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Miyake Y, Nakajima K, Nishibayashi Y. Visible light-mediated oxidative decarboxylation of arylacetic acids into benzyl radicals: addition to electron-deficient alkenes by using photoredox catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:7854-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44438d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Yoshimi Y. Generation of Alkyl Radicals from Carboxylic Acids via Photochemical Decarboxylation and its Application to Synthetic Reactions. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2013. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.71.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Abstract
In this chapter, most of the reported work deals with the photochemistry of carbonyl compounds; however, the photoreactions of other functions, such as the photo-Claisen rearrangement or the photocleavage of cyclic ethers, are also included. In the present volume, time coverage is 2010–2011, and only original research articles are quoted. In general, reviews or purely theoretical calculations are not systematically included. As usually, the material is organized according to established types of reactions (e.g., Norrish I/II, hydrogen abstraction, Paternò-Büchi, photoelimination, photo-Fries/photo-Claisen, etc.). After presenting the basic photochemical aspects, more specific findings are reported. They include synthetic applications, stereoselectivity, and biological or technological implications. Next, the attention is focused on photochemical reactions in anisotropic media, including (micro)heterogeneous or supramolecular systems, solid matrixes or fully organized crystals. Finally, mechanistic studies based on direct experimental evidence are highlighted, especially when transient absorption spectroscopy or related ultrafast detection are employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Consuelo Jiménez
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC Universidad Politécnica de Valencia camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Miguel A. Miranda
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC Universidad Politécnica de Valencia camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia Spain
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33
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Decarboxylative radical addition of N-Boc-amino acids to acrylonitrile via photoinduced electron transfer using 1,4-dicyanonaphthalene. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-012-0657-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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34
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35
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Horvat M, Mlinarić-Majerski K, Griesbeck AG, Basarić N. Photoinduced decarboxylation of 3-(N-phthalimido)adamantane-1-carboxylic acid and radical addition to electron deficient alkenes. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:610-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00357c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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36
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Itou T, Yoshimi Y, Nishikawa K, Morita T, Okada Y, Ichinose N, Hatanaka M. A mild deuterium exchange reaction of free carboxylic acids by photochemical decarboxylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:6177-9. [PMID: 20657946 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc01464h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deuterium exchange of a carboxy group was achieved by photochemical decarboxylation of free carboxylic acids in the presence of thiol and a small amount of D(2)O, and a deuterated product with excellent deuterium content was obtained; this reaction is a practical means of synthesizing regioselective deuterium-labelled compounds under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Itou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.
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37
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Yoshimi Y, Hayashi S, Nishikawa K, Haga Y, Maeda K, Morita T, Itou T, Okada Y, Ichinose N, Hatanaka M. Influence of solvent, electron acceptors and arenes on photochemical decarboxylation of free carboxylic acids via single electron transfer (SET). Molecules 2010; 15:2623-30. [PMID: 20428069 PMCID: PMC6257324 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15042623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Single electron transfer (SET)-photochemical decarboxylation of free carboxylic acids was performed in a polar solvent using several arenes such as phenanthrene, naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, biphenyl, triphenylene, and chrysene in the presence of various electron acceptors such as 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-dicyanobenzenes, methyl 4-cyanobenzoate, and 1,4-dicyanonaphthalene. The decarboxylation reaction was influenced by the arenes, electron acceptors, and solvent. The best result was achieved by the photoreaction using biphenyl and 1,4-dicyanonaphthalene in aqueous acetonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Yoshimi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
| | - Shota Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nishikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Haga
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Kousuke Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Toshio Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Itou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan; E-Mail: (T.I.)
| | - Yutaka Okada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan; E-Mail: (T.I.)
| | - Nobuyuki Ichinose
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology, Kyoto Institue of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; E-Mail: (N.I.)
| | - Minoru Hatanaka
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan; E-Mail: (M.H.)
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