Electrophilic cyclization of 3-alkynyl-4-chalcogen-2-H-chromenes: synthesis of 3-halo-chalcogenophene[3,2-c]chromene derivatives

Transition Metal-Free Synthesis of Carbo- and Heterocycles via Reaction of Alkynes with Organylchalcogenides

This manuscript intends to overview the most recent advances in the synthesis of carbo- and heterocycles through reactions of alkynes with organyl chalcogenides (S, Se, Te) under metal-free conditions. Firstly, the use of electrophilic chalcogenyl halides as a selective reagent for alkyne carbon-carbon triple bond activation will be presented. After that, radical cyclization protocols employing electrochemical oxidative conditions, light-induced photoredox catalysis, or mild oxidants with direct chalcogenyl group installation will be discussed accompanied by the proposed mechanisms.

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Selenophenes and Their Derivatives

The selenophene derivatives are an important class of selenium-based heterocyclics. These compounds play an important role in prospecting new drugs, as well as in the development of new light-emitting materials. During the last years, several methods have been emerging to access the selenophene scaffold, employing a diversity of cyclization-based synthetic strategies, involving specific reaction partners and particularities. This review presents a comprehensive discussion on the recent advances in the synthesis of selenophene-based compounds, starting from different precursors, highlighting the main differences, the advantages, and limitations among them.

Formation of Benzimidazoisoquinolinium and Benzimidazoisoindolinum Cyclic Systems by the Reaction of 2-(2-Alkynylphenyl)benzimidazoles with Iodine and Iodine-Iodine Interaction Including Halogen Bonding in Their Crystal Structures

The reaction of 2-(2-alkynylphenyl)benz[d]imidazoles with molecular iodine constructed 5- and 6-membered rings as novel organic salts in high yield. The constituted number of ring systems was influenced by the substituent at the triple bond: 6-membered rings were formed from compounds bearing aryl substituents, whereas 5-membered ones were obtained from compounds with hydrogen or alkyl substituents. The products were obtained with triiodide as a counteranion; however, compounds with iodide were also obtainable under certain conditions. We also revealed that they had an iodine-iodine interaction included in halogen bonding between an iodo moiety of the cation and a triiodide or iodide of the counteranion. The iodine-iodine interaction was formed with greater preference than the electrostatic interaction between the cationic atom and triiodide or iodide.