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Recent Advances in Macrocyclic Drugs and Microwave-Assisted and/or Solid-Supported Synthesis of Macrocycles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031012. [PMID: 35164274 PMCID: PMC8839925 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrocycles represent attractive candidates in organic synthesis and drug discovery. Since 2014, nineteen macrocyclic drugs, including three radiopharmaceuticals, have been approved by FDA for the treatment of bacterial and viral infections, cancer, obesity, immunosuppression, etc. As such, new synthetic methodologies and high throughput chemistry (e.g., microwave-assisted and/or solid-phase synthesis) to access various macrocycle entities have attracted great interest in this chemical space. This article serves as an update on our previous review related to macrocyclic drugs and new synthetic strategies toward macrocycles (Molecules, 2013, 18, 6230). In this work, I first reviewed recent FDA-approved macrocyclic drugs since 2014, followed by new advances in macrocycle synthesis using high throughput chemistry, including microwave-assisted and/or solid-supported macrocyclization strategies. Examples and highlights of macrocyclization include macrolactonization and macrolactamization, transition-metal catalyzed olefin ring-closure metathesis, intramolecular C–C and C–heteroatom cross-coupling, copper- or ruthenium-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition, intramolecular SNAr or SN2 nucleophilic substitution, condensation reaction, and multi-component reaction-mediated macrocyclization, and covering the literature since 2010.
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Pineda-Castañeda HM, Insuasty-Cepeda DS, Niño-Ramírez VA, Curtidor H, Rivera-Monroy ZJ. Designing Short Peptides: A Sisyphean Task? CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999200910094034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few years, short peptides have become a powerful tool in basic and
applied research, with different uses like diagnostic, antimicrobial peptides, human health
promoters or bioactive peptides, therapeutic treatments, templates for peptidomimetic design,
and peptide-based vaccines. In this endeavor, different approaches and technologies
have been explored, such as bioinformatics, large-scale peptide synthesis, omics sciences,
structure-activity relationship studies, and a biophysical approach, among others, seeking to
obtain the shortest sequence with the best activity. The advantage of short peptides lies in
their stability, ease of production, safety, and low cost. There are many strategies for designing
short peptides with biomedical and industrial applications (targeting the structure, length,
charge, or polarity) or as a starting point for improving their properties (sequence data base,
de novo sequences, templates, or organic scaffolds). In peptide design, it is necessary to keep in mind factors
such as the application (peptidomimetic, immunogen, antimicrobial, bioactive, or protein-protein interaction
inhibitor), the expected target (membrane cell, nucleus, receptor proteins, or immune system), and particular
characteristics (shorter, conformationally constrained, cycled, charged, flexible, polymerized, or pseudopeptides).
This review summarizes the different synthetic approaches and strategies used to design new peptide analogs,
highlighting the achievements, constraints, and advantages of each.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Víctor A. Niño-Ramírez
- Chemistry Department, Sciences Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - Zuly J. Rivera-Monroy
- Chemistry Department, Sciences Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
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Brango-Vanegas J, Martinho LA, Bessa LJ, Vasconcelos AG, Plácido A, Pereira AL, Leite JRSA, Machado AHL. Synthesis of novel sulfide-based cyclic peptidomimetic analogues to solonamides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2544-2551. [PMID: 31728168 PMCID: PMC6839570 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight new sulfide-based cyclic peptidomimetic analogues of solonamides A and B have been synthesized via solid-phase peptide synthesis and SN2’ reaction on a Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) residue introduced at the N-terminal of a tetrapeptide. This last step takes advantage of the electrophilic feature of the MBH residue and represents a new cyclization strategy occurring. The analogues were prepared in moderate overall yields and did not show toxic effects on Staphylococcus aureus growth and were not toxic to human fibroblasts. Two of them inhibited the hemolytic activity of S. aureus, suggesting an interfering action in the bacterial quorum sensing similar to the one already reported for solonamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Brango-Vanegas
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Asa Norte, Brasília DF, Brasil
| | - Luan A Martinho
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Asa Norte, Brasília DF, Brasil
| | - Lucinda J Bessa
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bíoquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, 4169007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreanne G Vasconcelos
- Área de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Alexandra Plácido
- Glial Cell Biology Lab, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, i3S, Universidade do Porto, 420013, Porto, Portugal.,Bioprospectum, Lda, UPTEC, 4200135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alex L Pereira
- Campus de Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Centro Metropolitano, 72220-275, Ceilândia Sul, Ceilândia, DF, Brazil
| | - José R S A Leite
- Área de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Angelo H L Machado
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Asa Norte, Brasília DF, Brasil
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Harris HM, Eans SO, Ganno ML, Davis JC, Dooley CT, McLaughlin JP, Nefzi A. Antinociceptive activity of thiazole-containing cyclized DAMGO and Leu-(Met) enkephalin analogs. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:5305-5315. [PMID: 31094391 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00882a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies demonstrate the promise of opioid peptides as analgesics, but poor oral bioavailability has limited their therapeutic development. This study sought to increase the oral bioavailability of opioid peptides by cyclization, using Hantzsch-based macrocyclization strategies to produce two new series of cyclized DAMGO and Leu/Met-enkephalin analogs. Opioid receptor affinity and selectivity for compounds in each series were assessed in vitro with radioligand competition binding assays. Compounds demonstrated modest affinity but high selectivity for the mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors (MOR, DOR and KOR), while selectivity for mu opioid receptors varied by structure. Antinociceptive activity of each compound was initially screened in vivo following intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration and testing in the mouse 55 °C warm-water tail-withdrawal test. The four most active compounds were then evaluated for dose- and time-dependent antinociception, and opioid receptor selectivity in vivo. Cyclic compounds 1924-10, 1936-1, 1936-7, and 1936-9 produced robust and long- lasting antinociception with ED50 values ranging from 0.32-0.75 nmol following i.c.v. administration mediated primarily by mu- and delta-opioid receptor agonism. Compounds 1924-10, 1936-1 and 1936-9 further displayed significant time-dependent antinociception after oral (10 mg kg-1, p.o.) administration. A higher oral dose (30 mg kg-1. p.o.) of all four cyclic peptides also reduced centrally-mediated respiration, suggesting successful penitration into the CNS. Overall, these data suggest cyclized opioid peptides synthesized by a Hantzsch-based macrocyclization strategy can retain opioid agonist activity to produce potent antinociception in vivo while conveying improved bioavailability following oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Harris
- University of Florida Department of Pharmacodynamics, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shainnel O Eans
- University of Florida Department of Pharmacodynamics, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michelle L Ganno
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA.
| | - Jennifer C Davis
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA.
| | - Colette T Dooley
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA.
| | - Jay P McLaughlin
- University of Florida Department of Pharmacodynamics, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adel Nefzi
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA.
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Ruiz-Rodríguez J, Miguel M, Preciado S, Acosta GA, Adan J, Bidon-Chanal A, Luque FJ, Mitjans F, Lavilla R, Albericio F. Polythiazole linkers as functional rigid connectors: a new RGD cyclopeptide with enhanced integrin selectivity. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00572d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Vigorov AI, Demin AM, Nizova IA, Krasnov VP. [The synthesis of RGD peptide derivatives containing glutaric and adipic residues]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2014; 40:157-65. [PMID: 25895334 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162014020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A method of the synthesis of RGD peptide derivatives containing glutaric or adipic residues linked with α-amino group of L-arginine and allowing carrying out their coupling with other biomolecules and nanoparticles.
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Murru S, Nefzi A. Combinatorial synthesis of oxazol-thiazole bis-heterocyclic compounds. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2014; 16:39-45. [PMID: 24295491 DOI: 10.1021/co400133a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A combinatorial library of novel oxazol-thiazole bis-heterocycles was synthesized in good to excellent overall yields with high purity using a solution and solid-phase parallel synthesis approach. Oxazole amino acids, prepared from serine methyl ester and amino acids via coupling and cyclodehydration, were treated with Fmoc-NCS and α-haloketones for the parallel synthesis of diverse bis-heterocycles. Fmoc-isothiocyanate is used as a traceless reagent for thiazole formation. Oxazole diversity can be achieved by using variety of amino acids, whereas thiazole diversity is produced with various haloketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Murru
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350
SW Village Parkway, Port St Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Adel Nefzi
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350
SW Village Parkway, Port St Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
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