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Patra A, Shah A, Singh DP, Roy A, Kumar S. Novel Self-Assembling Supramolecular Phenanthro[9,10-a]phenazine Discotic Liquid Crystals: Synthesis, Characterization and Charge Transport Studies. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400542. [PMID: 38940412 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of heteroatoms in the chemical structure of organic molecules has been identified as analogous to the doping process adopted in silicon semiconductors to influence the nature of charge carriers. This strategy has been an eye-opener for material chemists in synthesizing new materials for optoelectronic applications. Phenanthro[9,10-a]phenazine-based mesogens have been synthesized via a cyclo-condensation pathway involving triphenylene-based diketone and o-phenyl diamines. The incorporation of phenazine moiety as discussed in this paper, alters the symmetric nature of the triphenylene. The phenanthro[9,10-a]phenazine-based mesogens exhibit hole mobility in the order of 10-4 cm2/Vs as measured by the space-charge limited current (SCLC) technique. The current density in the SCLC device increases with increasing temperature which indicates that the charge transport is associated with the thermally activated hopping process. This report attempts to elucidate the self-organization of asymmetric phenanthro[9,10-a] phenazine in the supramolecular liquid crystalline state and their potential for the fabrication of high-temperature optoelectronic devices. However, the low charge carrier mobility can be one of the challenges for device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alakananda Patra
- Soft Condensed Matter, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bengaluru, 560080, India
| | - Asmita Shah
- Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires (UDSMM), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), UR 4476, 62228, Calais cedex, France
| | - Dharmendra Pratap Singh
- Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires (UDSMM), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), UR 4476, 62228, Calais cedex, France
| | - Arun Roy
- Soft Condensed Matter, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bengaluru, 560080, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Soft Condensed Matter, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bengaluru, 560080, India
- Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India
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S VB, Vadivel M, Singh DP, Raghunathan VA, Roy A, Kumar S. Benzopyrano-Fused Phenanthridine-Based Columnar Mesogens: Synthesis, Self-organization and Charge-Transport Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300227. [PMID: 36856078 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Columnar mesogens constitute a fascinating class of supramolecular nano-architectures owing to the exceptional properties induced by their self-assembling behavior. Extending the π-conjugated core in such systems by incorporating heteroatoms extensively influences their mesomorphic, photophysical properties, etc., presenting them as potential candidates for optoelectronic applications. In the present work, a series of novel nitrogen and oxygen-incorporated chromenonaphthophenanthridine-based elliptical dimers have been synthesized through tandem Pictet-Spengler cyclization followed by ipso-aromatic substitution in one-pot. Mesophase characterization has been carried out by employing POM, DSC, and X-ray diffraction studies. Photophysical properties were investigated using UV-vis and emission spectroscopy. Furthermore, the charge transport properties were analyzed by time-of-flight measurements, and the observed ambipolar mobilities were found to be of the order of 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 . The high solubility, excellent thermal stability, self-organizing properties, and ambipolar charge transport characteristics make them promising candidates for applications in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanishree Bhat S
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - Marichandran Vadivel
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - Dharmendra Pratap Singh
- UDSMM, Unité de Dynamique et Structure es Matériaux Moléculaires, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, UR 4476, Calais, 62228, France
| | - V A Raghunathan
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - Arun Roy
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560080, India
- Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India
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Vadivel M, Singh S, Singh DP, Raghunathan VA, Kumar S. Ambipolar Charge Transport Properties of Naphthophenanthridine Discotic Liquid Crystals. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10364-10372. [PMID: 34482689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel naphthophenanthridine derivatives are synthesized via N-annulation of hexabutoxytriphenylene-1-amine with various aliphatic aldehydes through the Pictet-Spengler reaction. The synthesized derivatives have been found to self-assemble into a columnar hexagonal mesophase over a wide temperature range, as validated through polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction experiments. The photophysical properties of these compounds were studied using UV-visible and emission spectroscopy. The synthesized compounds exhibit ambipolar charge transport, showing temperature-independent electron and hole mobility on the order of 3 × 10-4 cm2/V s, as evaluated by the time-of-flight technique. These novel N-annulated derivatives can be of immense potential toward semiconducting applications of self-assembling supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marichandran Vadivel
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, C.V.Raman Avenue, Bengaluru 560080, India
| | - Shikha Singh
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, C.V.Raman Avenue, Bengaluru 560080, India
| | - Dharmendra Pratap Singh
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, UR 4476, UDSMM, Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires, Calais F-62228, France
| | - V A Raghunathan
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, C.V.Raman Avenue, Bengaluru 560080, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, C.V.Raman Avenue, Bengaluru 560080, India.,Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology (NMIT), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
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Patra A, Swamynathan K, Kumar S. Synthesis of novel regioisomeric phenanthro[a]phenazine derivatives through the SNAr strategy and their self-assembly into columnar phases. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05042c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of novel discotic liquid crystalline regioisomers for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alakananda Patra
- Raman Research Institute
- Soft Condensed Matter
- Bangalore 560080
- India
| | - K. Swamynathan
- Raman Research Institute
- Soft Condensed Matter
- Bangalore 560080
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Raman Research Institute
- Soft Condensed Matter
- Bangalore 560080
- India
- Department of Chemistry
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6
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Kotian SY, Mohan CD, Merlo AA, Rangappa S, Nayak SC, Rai KL, Rangappa KS. Small molecule based five-membered heterocycles: A view of liquid crystalline properties beyond the biological applications. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Vadivel M, Kumar IS, Swamynathan K, Raghunathan VA, Kumar S. Novel Annulated Triphenylene Discotic Liquid Crystals Generated by Pictet‐Spengler Cyclization. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marichandran Vadivel
- Soft Condensed Matter GroupRaman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore India
| | - Irla Siva Kumar
- Soft Condensed Matter GroupRaman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore India
| | - K Swamynathan
- Soft Condensed Matter GroupRaman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore India
| | - V A Raghunathan
- Soft Condensed Matter GroupRaman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Soft Condensed Matter GroupRaman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore India
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Gowda A, Jacob L, Singh DP, Douali R, Kumar S. Charge Transport in Novel Phenazine Fused Triphenylene Supramolecular Systems. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwathanarayana Gowda
- Soft Condensed Matter GroupRaman Research Institute, C.V. Raman Avenue Sadashivanagar, Bangalore − 560 080 India
| | - Litwin Jacob
- Soft Condensed Matter GroupRaman Research Institute, C.V. Raman Avenue Sadashivanagar, Bangalore − 560 080 India
| | - Dharmendra P. Singh
- Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires (UDSMM)Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale Calais − 62228 France
| | - Redouane Douali
- Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires (UDSMM)Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale Calais − 62228 France
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Soft Condensed Matter GroupRaman Research Institute, C.V. Raman Avenue Sadashivanagar, Bangalore − 560 080 India
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Vinayakumara DR, Swamynathan K, Kumar S, Adhikari AV. Optoelectronic exploration of novel non-symmetrical star-shaped discotic liquid crystals based on cyanopyridine. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02582g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel unsymmetrical star-shaped cyanopyridines were shown to possess an ordered hexagonal columnar assembly at room temperature. Their inherent intramolecular charge transport properties cause a technologically important intense blue light emission in the aggregated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. R. Vinayakumara
- Organic Materials Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Karnataka
- Surathkal
- India
| | - K. Swamynathan
- SCM Group
- Raman Research Institute
- Bangalore – 560 080
- India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- SCM Group
- Raman Research Institute
- Bangalore – 560 080
- India
| | - Airody Vasudeva Adhikari
- Organic Materials Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Karnataka
- Surathkal
- India
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Gowda A, Jacob L, Joy N, Philip R, Kumar S. Novel phenazine fused triphenylene discotic liquid crystals: synthesis, characterisation, thermal, optical and nonlinear optical properties. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03024c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel π-extended phenazine fused triphenylene discotic liquid crystals show an enantiotropic columnar mesophase and good photophysical and nonlinear optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Litwin Jacob
- Raman Research Institute
- Bangalore – 560 080
- India
| | - Nithin Joy
- Raman Research Institute
- Bangalore – 560 080
- India
| | - Reji Philip
- Raman Research Institute
- Bangalore – 560 080
- India
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Wöhrle T, Wurzbach I, Kirres J, Kostidou A, Kapernaum N, Litterscheidt J, Haenle JC, Staffeld P, Baro A, Giesselmann F, Laschat S. Discotic Liquid Crystals. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1139-241. [PMID: 26483267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wöhrle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Iris Wurzbach
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jochen Kirres
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Antonia Kostidou
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nadia Kapernaum
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Juri Litterscheidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes Christian Haenle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Staffeld
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frank Giesselmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, and ‡Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Yu ZQ, Lam JWY, Zhao K, Zhu CZ, Yang S, Lin JS, Li BS, Liu JH, Chen EQ, Tang BZ. Mesogen jacketed liquid crystalline polyacetylene containing triphenylene discogen: synthesis and phase structure. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20535a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Roy B, De N, Majumdar KC. Advances in Metal-Free Heterocycle-Based Columnar Liquid Crystals. Chemistry 2012; 18:14560-88. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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