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Toman D, Cankař P. Synthesis of Unsymmetrical 1,1’‐Bibenzimidazoles via an N‐Amination Reaction Forming the Key N‐N Bond. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Toman
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Science Palacký University 17. Listopadu 1192/12 77900 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Petr Cankař
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Science Palacký University 17. Listopadu 1192/12 77900 Olomouc Czech Republic
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2
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Dai Y, Santiago-Rivera JA, Hargett S, Salamoun JM, Hoehn KL, Santos WL. Conversion of oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazines to imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazines via a tandem reduction-cyclization sequence generates new mitochondrial uncouplers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 73:128912. [PMID: 35907607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We report new mitochondrial uncouplers derived from the conversion of [1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazines to 1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazines. The in situ Fe-mediated reduction of the oxadiazole fragment followed by cyclization gave access to imidazopyrazines in moderate to good yields. A selection of orthoesters also allowed functionalization on the 2-position of the imidazole ring. This method afforded a variety of imidazopyrazine derivatives with varying substitution on the 2, 5 and 6 positions. Our studies suggest that both a 2-trifluoromethyl group and N-methylation are crucial for mitochondrial uncoupling capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - José A Santiago-Rivera
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Stefan Hargett
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Joseph M Salamoun
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
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3
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Alzhrani ZMM, Alam MM, Nazreen S. Recent advancements on Benzimidazole: A versatile scaffold in medicinal chemistry. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:365-386. [PMID: 33797365 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210331163810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Benzimidazole is nitrogen containing fused heterocycle which has been extensively explored in medicinal chemistry. Benzimidizole nucleus has been found to possess various biological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitubercular and antidiabetic. A number of benzimidazoles such as bendamustine, pantoprazole have been approved for the treatment of various illnesses whereas galeterone and GSK461364 are in clinical trials. The present review article gives an overview about the different biological activities exhibited by the benzimidazole derivatives as well as different methods used for the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives for the past ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Mahboob Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha. Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Nazreen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha. Saudi Arabia
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4
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Khademi Z, Nikoofar K. Applications of alkyl orthoesters as valuable substrates in organic transformations, focusing on reaction media. RSC Adv 2020; 10:30314-30397. [PMID: 35559005 PMCID: PMC9092620 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05276k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review we focus on applications of alkyl orthoesters as valuable and efficient substrates to perform various classes of two-component and multi-component organic reactions. The article has classified them according to two aspects, which are: (i) a focus on the reaction medium (solvent-free conditions, aqueous media, and organic solvents); and (ii) an examination of product structures. Reaction accomplishment under solvent-free conditions is an eco-friendly process with the absence of volatile toxic solvents, which puts it in line with green chemistry goals. Water is an interesting choice in organic transformations due to its inexpensiveness and safety. The authors hope their assessment will help chemists to attain new approaches for utilizing alkyl orthoesters in various organic synthetic methods. The review covers the corresponding literature up to the beginning of 2020. In this review we focus on applications of alkyl orthoesters as valuable and efficient substrates to perform various classes of two-component and multi-component organic reactions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khademi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics & Chemistry, Alzahra University P.O. Box 1993891176 Tehran Iran +982188041344 +982188041344
| | - Kobra Nikoofar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics & Chemistry, Alzahra University P.O. Box 1993891176 Tehran Iran +982188041344 +982188041344
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5
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Taylor AP, Robinson RP, Fobian YM, Blakemore DC, Jones LH, Fadeyi O. Modern advances in heterocyclic chemistry in drug discovery. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:6611-37. [PMID: 27282396 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00936k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New advances in synthetic methodologies that allow rapid access to a wide variety of functionalized heterocyclic compounds are of critical importance to the medicinal chemist as it provides the ability to expand the available drug-like chemical space and drive more efficient delivery of drug discovery programs. Furthermore, the development of robust synthetic routes that can readily generate bulk quantities of a desired compound help to accelerate the drug development process. While established synthetic methodologies are commonly utilized during the course of a drug discovery program, the development of innovative heterocyclic syntheses that allow for different bond forming strategies are having a significant impact in the pharmaceutical industry. This review will focus on recent applications of new methodologies in C-H activation, photoredox chemistry, borrowing hydrogen catalysis, multicomponent reactions, regio- and stereoselective syntheses, as well as other new, innovative general syntheses for the formation and functionalization of heterocycles that have helped drive project delivery. Additionally, the importance and value of collaborations between industry and academia in shaping the development of innovative synthetic approaches to functionalized heterocycles that are of greatest interest to the pharmaceutical industry will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria P Taylor
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Ralph P Robinson
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Yvette M Fobian
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - David C Blakemore
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Lyn H Jones
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Olugbeminiyi Fadeyi
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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6
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Synthesis of benzimidazoles from o -phenylenediamines and DMF derivatives in the presence of PhSiH 3. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Krause M, Foks H, Gobis K. Pharmacological Potential and Synthetic Approaches of Imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine and Imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine Derivatives. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030399. [PMID: 28273868 PMCID: PMC6155225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural resemblance between the fused imidazopyridine heterocyclic ring system and purines has prompted biological investigations to assess their potential therapeutic significance. They are known to play a crucial role in numerous disease conditions. The discovery of their first bioactivity as GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators divulged their medicinal potential. Proton pump inhibitors, aromatase inhibitors, and NSAIDs were also found in this chemical group. Imidazopyridines have the ability to influence many cellular pathways necessary for the proper functioning of cancerous cells, pathogens, components of the immune system, enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, etc. The collective results of biochemical and biophysical properties foregrounded their medicinal significance in central nervous system, digestive system, cancer, inflammation, etc. In recent years, new preparative methods for the synthesis of imidazopyridines using various catalysts have been described. The present manuscript to the best of our knowledge is the complete compilation on the synthesis and medicinal aspects of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines and imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines reported from the year 2000 to date, including structure–activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Krause
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Gen. Hallera Ave., 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Henryk Foks
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Gen. Hallera Ave., 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Gobis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Gen. Hallera Ave., 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Sun X, Lv XH, Ye LM, Hu Y, Chen YY, Zhang XJ, Yan M. Synthesis of benzimidazoles via iridium-catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:7381-3. [PMID: 26065641 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00904a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Iridium-catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of tertiary amines and arylamines has been developed. A number of benzimidazoles were prepared in good yields. An iridium-mediated C-H activation mechanism is suggested. This finding represents a novel strategy for the synthesis of benzimidazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sun
- Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Pu S, Liang Q, Luo X, Luo J. Convenient Two-step One-pot Synthesis of Benzimidazoles Using 2-nitroanilines and Thiourea Dioxide. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.3184/174751914x13896361235211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new convenient method for the conversion of 2-nitroanilines into benzimidazoles by two-step one-pot procedure is reported. The procedure involves the reduction of nitro group followed by the intramolecular cyclisation of the corresponding o-phenylenediamines utilising thiourea dioxide and sodium hydroxide at 70 °C in mixed solvents of H2O and EtOH (v/v, 3/1). The yields are good to excellent and the workup is simple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Pu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Qiuxiang Liang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Xi Luo
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
| | - Juan Luo
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P.R. China
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