1
|
Abstract
New advances in synthetic methodologies that allow rapid access to a wide variety of functionalized heterocyclic compounds are of critical importance to the medicinal chemist as it provides the ability to expand the available drug-like chemical space and drive more efficient delivery of drug discovery programs. Furthermore, the development of robust synthetic routes that can readily generate bulk quantities of a desired compound help to accelerate the drug development process. While established synthetic methodologies are commonly utilized during the course of a drug discovery program, the development of innovative heterocyclic syntheses that allow for different bond forming strategies are having a significant impact in the pharmaceutical industry. This review will focus on recent applications of new methodologies in C-H activation, photoredox chemistry, borrowing hydrogen catalysis, multicomponent reactions, regio- and stereoselective syntheses, as well as other new, innovative general syntheses for the formation and functionalization of heterocycles that have helped drive project delivery. Additionally, the importance and value of collaborations between industry and academia in shaping the development of innovative synthetic approaches to functionalized heterocycles that are of greatest interest to the pharmaceutical industry will be highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria P Taylor
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Ralph P Robinson
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Yvette M Fobian
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - David C Blakemore
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Lyn H Jones
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Olugbeminiyi Fadeyi
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nuhant P, Oderinde MS, Genovino J, Juneau A, Gagné Y, Allais C, Chinigo GM, Choi C, Sach NW, Bernier L, Fobian YM, Bundesmann MW, Khunte B, Frenette M, Fadeyi OO. Visible-Light-Initiated Manganese Catalysis for C−H Alkylation of Heteroarenes: Applications and Mechanistic Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Nuhant
- Pfizer Medicine Design & Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Martins S. Oderinde
- Pfizer Medicine Design & Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Julien Genovino
- Pfizer Medicine Design & Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Antoine Juneau
- Department de Chimie; Université du Québec á Montréal; Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville Montréal Quebec H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Yohann Gagné
- Department de Chimie; Université du Québec á Montréal; Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville Montréal Quebec H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Christophe Allais
- Pfizer Medicine Design & Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Gary M. Chinigo
- Pfizer Medicine Design & Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Chulho Choi
- Pfizer Medicine Design & Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Neal W. Sach
- Pfizer Medicine Design & Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Louise Bernier
- Pfizer Medicine Design & Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Yvette M. Fobian
- Pfizer Medicine Design & Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Mark W. Bundesmann
- Pfizer Medicine Design & Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Bhagyashree Khunte
- Pfizer Medicine Design & Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Mathieu Frenette
- Department de Chimie; Université du Québec á Montréal; Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville Montréal Quebec H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Olugbeminiyi O. Fadeyi
- Pfizer Medicine Design & Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nuhant P, Oderinde MS, Genovino J, Juneau A, Gagné Y, Allais C, Chinigo GM, Choi C, Sach NW, Bernier L, Fobian YM, Bundesmann MW, Khunte B, Frenette M, Fadeyi OO. Visible-Light-Initiated Manganese Catalysis for C−H Alkylation of Heteroarenes: Applications and Mechanistic Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15309-15313. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Nuhant
- Pfizer Medicine Design & Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Martins S. Oderinde
- Pfizer Medicine Design & Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Julien Genovino
- Pfizer Medicine Design & Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Antoine Juneau
- Department de Chimie; Université du Québec á Montréal; Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville Montréal Quebec H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Yohann Gagné
- Department de Chimie; Université du Québec á Montréal; Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville Montréal Quebec H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Christophe Allais
- Pfizer Medicine Design & Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Gary M. Chinigo
- Pfizer Medicine Design & Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Chulho Choi
- Pfizer Medicine Design & Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Neal W. Sach
- Pfizer Medicine Design & Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Louise Bernier
- Pfizer Medicine Design & Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Yvette M. Fobian
- Pfizer Medicine Design & Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Mark W. Bundesmann
- Pfizer Medicine Design & Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Bhagyashree Khunte
- Pfizer Medicine Design & Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Mathieu Frenette
- Department de Chimie; Université du Québec á Montréal; Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville Montréal Quebec H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Olugbeminiyi O. Fadeyi
- Pfizer Medicine Design & Oncology Medicinal Chemistry; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton CT 06340 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bi FC, Frost HN, Ling X, Perry DA, Sakata SK, Bailey S, Fobian YM, Sloan L, Wood A. Driving external chemistry optimization via operations management principles. Drug Discov Today 2013; 19:289-94. [PMID: 23973340 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Confronted with the need to significantly raise the productivity of remotely located chemistry CROs Pfizer embraced a commitment to continuous improvement which leveraged the tools from both Lean Six Sigma and queue management theory to deliver positive measurable outcomes. During 2012 cycle times were reduced by 48% by optimization of the work in progress and conducting a detailed workflow analysis to identify and address pinch points. Compound flow was increased by 29% by optimizing the request process and de-risking the chemistry. Underpinning both achievements was the development of close working relationships and productive communications between Pfizer and CRO chemists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Christopher Bi
- External Research Solutions, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Heather N Frost
- External Research Solutions, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Xiaolan Ling
- External Research Solutions, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - David A Perry
- External Research Solutions, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Sylvie K Sakata
- External Research Solutions, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Simon Bailey
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Yvette M Fobian
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | | | - Anthony Wood
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Walker DP, Arhancet GB, Lu HF, Heasley SE, Metz S, Kablaoui NM, Franco FM, Hanau CE, Scholten JA, Springer JR, Fobian YM, Carter JS, Xing L, Yang S, Shaffer AF, Jerome GM, Baratta MT, Moore WM, Vazquez ML. Synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted benzoxazoles as inhibitors of mPGES-1: Use of a conformation-based hypothesis to facilitate compound design. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1120-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
6
|
Arhancet GB, Walker DP, Metz S, Fobian YM, Heasley SE, Carter JS, Springer JR, Jones DE, Hayes MJ, Shaffer AF, Jerome GM, Baratta MT, Zweifel B, Moore WM, Masferrer JL, Vazquez ML. Discovery and SAR of PF-4693627, a potent, selective and orally bioavailable mPGES-1 inhibitor for the potential treatment of inflammation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1114-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
7
|
Fobian YM, Freskos JN, Barta TE, Bedell LJ, Heintz R, Kassab DJ, Kiefer JR, Mischke BV, Molyneaux JM, Mullins P, Munie GE, Becker DP. MMP-13 selective alpha-sulfone hydroxamates: Identification of selective P1′ amides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2823-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
8
|
Hughes RO, Rogier DJ, Jacobsen EJ, Walker JK, MacInnes A, Bond BR, Zhang LL, Yu Y, Zheng Y, Rumsey JM, Walgren JL, Curtiss SW, Fobian YM, Heasley SE, Cubbage JW, Moon JB, Brown DL, Acker BA, Maddux TM, Tollefson MB, Mischke BV, Owen DR, Freskos JN, Molyneaux JM, Benson AG, Blevis-Bal RM. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 3-[4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]-7-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)-1-(2-propoxyethyl)pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazin-2(1H)-one, a Potent, Orally Active, Brain Penetrant Inhibitor of Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5). J Med Chem 2010; 53:2656-60. [PMID: 20196613 DOI: 10.1021/jm901781q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert O. Hughes
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, Missouri 63017
| | - D. Joseph Rogier
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, Missouri 63017
| | - E. Jon Jacobsen
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, Missouri 63017
| | - John K. Walker
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, Missouri 63017
| | - Alan MacInnes
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, Missouri 63017
| | - Brian R. Bond
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, Missouri 63017
| | - Lena L. Zhang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, Missouri 63017
| | - Ying Yu
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, Missouri 63017
| | - Yi Zheng
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, Missouri 63017
| | - Jeanne M. Rumsey
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, Missouri 63017
| | - Jennie L. Walgren
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, Missouri 63017
| | - Sandra W. Curtiss
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, Missouri 63017
| | - Yvette M. Fobian
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, Missouri 63017
| | - Steven E. Heasley
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, Missouri 63017
| | - Jerry W. Cubbage
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, Missouri 63017
| | - Joseph B. Moon
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, Missouri 63017
| | - David L. Brown
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, Missouri 63017
| | - Brad A. Acker
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, Missouri 63017
| | - Todd M. Maddux
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, Missouri 63017
| | - Mike B. Tollefson
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, Missouri 63017
| | - Brent V. Mischke
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, Missouri 63017
| | - Dafydd R. Owen
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich CT139NJ, U.K
| | - John N. Freskos
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, Missouri 63017
| | - John M. Molyneaux
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, Missouri 63017
| | - Alan G. Benson
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, Missouri 63017
| | - Rhadika M. Blevis-Bal
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, Missouri 63017
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hughes RO, Walker JK, Cubbage JW, Fobian YM, Rogier DJ, Heasley SE, Blevis-Bal RM, Benson AG, Owen DR, Jacobsen EJ, Freskos JN, Molyneaux JM, Brown DL, Stallings WC, Acker BA, Maddux TM, Tollefson MB, Williams JM, Moon JB, Mischke BV, Rumsey JM, Zheng Y, Macinnes A, Bond BR, Yu Y. Investigation of aminopyridiopyrazinones as PDE5 inhibitors: Evaluation of modifications to the central ring system. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4092-6. [PMID: 19539468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to improve the potency and physical properties of the aminopyridiopyrazinone class of PDE5 inhibitors through modification of the core ring system are described. Five new ring systems are evaluated and features that impart improved potency and improved solubility are delineated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert O Hughes
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, MO 63017, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hughes JD, Blagg J, Price DA, Bailey S, Decrescenzo GA, Devraj RV, Ellsworth E, Fobian YM, Gibbs ME, Gilles RW, Greene N, Huang E, Krieger-Burke T, Loesel J, Wager T, Whiteley L, Zhang Y. Physiochemical drug properties associated with in vivo toxicological outcomes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4872-5. [PMID: 18691886 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 583] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Relationships between physicochemical drug properties and toxicity were inferred from a data set consisting of animal in vivo toleration (IVT) studies on 245 preclinical Pfizer compounds; an increased likelihood of toxic events was found for less polar, more lipophilic compounds. This trend held across a wide range of types of toxicity and across a broad swath of chemical space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Hughes
- Pfizer Research Technology Center, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Freskos JN, Fobian YM, Benson TE, Moon JB, Bienkowski MJ, Brown DL, Emmons TL, Heintz R, Laborde A, McDonald JJ, Mischke BV, Molyneaux JM, Mullins PB, Bryan Prince D, Paddock DJ, Tomasselli AG, Winterrowd G. Design of potent inhibitors of human β-secretase. Part 2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:78-81. [PMID: 17049233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Revised: 09/23/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe an optimized series of acyclic hydroxyethylamine transition state isosteres of beta-secretase that incorporates a variety of P(2) side chains that yield potent inhibitors with excellent cellular activity. A 2.2A crystal structure of compound 13 is shown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John N Freskos
- Pfizer Inc., 700N. Chesterfield Pkwy., St. Louis, MO 63198, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Freskos JN, Fobian YM, Benson TE, Bienkowski MJ, Brown DL, Emmons TL, Heintz R, Laborde A, McDonald JJ, Mischke BV, Molyneaux JM, Moon JB, Mullins PB, Bryan Prince D, Paddock DJ, Tomasselli AG, Winterrowd G. Design of potent inhibitors of human β-secretase. Part 1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:73-7. [PMID: 17046251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.09.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Revised: 09/23/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel series of potent inhibitors of human beta-secretase. These compounds possess the hydroxyethyl amine transition state isostere. A 2.5A crystal structure of inhibitor 32 bound to BACE is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John N Freskos
- Pfizer Inc., 700N. Chesterfield Pkwy., St. Louis, MO 63198, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
D'avignon DA, Hanau CE, Fobian YM, Moeller KD. APPLICATION OF HMBC AND HMQC-TOCSY NMR METHODS TO ASSIGN THE STRUCTURES OF BICYCLIC-PEPTIDE MIMETICS. J COORD CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00958979408024243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. André D'avignon
- a Department of Chemistry , Washington University , Campus Box 1134, St. Louis, MO, 63130
| | - Cathleen E. Hanau
- a Department of Chemistry , Washington University , Campus Box 1134, St. Louis, MO, 63130
| | - Yvette M. Fobian
- a Department of Chemistry , Washington University , Campus Box 1134, St. Louis, MO, 63130
| | - Kevin D. Moeller
- a Department of Chemistry , Washington University , Campus Box 1134, St. Louis, MO, 63130
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Reinhard EJ, Wang JL, Durley RC, Fobian YM, Grapperhaus ML, Hickory BS, Massa MA, Norton MB, Promo MA, Tollefson MB, Vernier WF, Connolly DT, Witherbee BJ, Melton MA, Regina KJ, Smith ME, Sikorski JA. Discovery of a simple picomolar inhibitor of cholesteryl ester transfer protein. J Med Chem 2003; 46:2152-68. [PMID: 12747787 DOI: 10.1021/jm020528+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of substituted N-[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)benzyl]-N-(3-phenoxyphenyl)-trifluoro-3-amino-2-propanols is described which potently and reversibly inhibit cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). Starting from the initial lead 1, various substituents were introduced into the 3-phenoxyaniline group to optimize the relative activity for inhibition of the CETP-mediated transfer of [3H]-cholesteryl ester from HDL donor particles to LDL acceptor particles either in buffer or in human serum. The better inhibitors in the buffer assay clustered among compounds in which the phenoxy group was substituted at the 3, 4, or 5 positions. In general, small lipophilic alkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, and halogen moieties increased potency relative to 1, while analogues containing electron-donating or hydrogen bond accepting groups exhibited lower potency. Compounds with polar or strong electron-withdrawing groups also displayed lower potency. Replacement of the phenoxy ring in 1 with either simple aliphatic or cycloalkyl ethers as well as basic heteroaryloxy groups led to reduced potency. From the better compounds, a representative series 4a-i was prepared as the chirally pure R(+) enantiomers, and from these, the 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy analogue was identified as a potent inhibitor of CETP activity in buffer (4a, IC50 0.77 nM, 59 nM in human serum). The simple R(+) enantiomer 4a represents the most potent acyclic CETP inhibitor reported. The chiral synthesis and biochemical characterization of 4a are reported along with its preliminary pharmacological assessment in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Reinhard
- Pharmacia Discovery Research (Pfizer Global Research and Development), 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017-1732, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Durley RC, Grapperhaus ML, Hickory BS, Massa MA, Wang JL, Spangler DP, Mischke DA, Parnas BL, Fobian YM, Rath NP, Honda DD, Zeng M, Connolly DT, Heuvelman DM, Witherbee BJ, Melton MA, Glenn KC, Krul ES, Smith ME, Sikorski JA. Chiral N,N-disubstituted trifluoro-3-amino-2-propanols are potent inhibitors of cholesteryl ester transfer protein. J Med Chem 2002; 45:3891-904. [PMID: 12190312 DOI: 10.1021/jm020038h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of substituted N-benzyl-N-phenyl-trifluoro-3-amino-2-propanols are described that reversibly inhibit cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). Starting with screening lead 22, various structural features were explored with respect to inhibition of the CETP-mediated transfer of [(3)H]cholesterol from high-density cholesterol donor particles to low-density cholesterol acceptor particles. The free hydroxyl group of the propanol was required for high potency, since acylation or alkylation reduced activity. High inhibitory potency was also associated with 3-ether moieties in the aniline ring, and the highest potencies were exhibited by 3-phenoxyaniline analogues. Activity was substantially reduced by oxidation or substitution in the methylene of the benzylic group, implying that the benzyl ring orientation was important for activity. In the benzylic group, substitution at the 3-position was preferred over either the 2- or the 4-positions. Highest potencies were observed with inhibitors in which the 3-benzylic substituent had the potential to adopt an out of plane orientation with respect to the phenyl ring. The best 3-benzylic substituents were OCF(2)CF(2)H (42, IC(50) 0.14 microM in buffer, 5.6 microM in human serum), cyclopentyl (39), 3-iso-propoxy (27), SCF(3) (67), and C(CF(3))(2)OH (36). Separation of 42 into its enantiomers unexpectedly showed that the minor R(+) enantiomer 1a was 40-fold more potent (IC(50) 0.02 microM in buffer, 0.6 microM in human serum) than the major S(-) enantiomer 1b, demonstrating that the R-chirality at the propanol 2-position is key to high potency in this series. The R(+) enantiomer 1a represents the first reported acyclic CETP inhibitor with submicromolar potency in plasma. A chiral synthesis of 1a is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Durley
- Pharmacia Discovery Research, 700 Chesterfield Parkway North, St. Louis, Missouri 63198, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Durley RC, Grapperhaus ML, Massa MA, Mischke DA, Parnas BL, Fobian YM, Rath NP, Honda DD, Zeng M, Connolly DT, Heuvelman DM, Witherbee BJ, Glenn KC, Krul ES, Smith ME, Sikorski JA. Discovery of chiral N,N-disubstituted trifluoro-3-amino-2-propanols as potent inhibitors of cholesteryl ester transfer protein. J Med Chem 2000; 43:4575-8. [PMID: 11101348 DOI: 10.1021/jm000337b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R C Durley
- Pharmacia Discovery Research, 700 Chesterfield Parkway North, St. Louis, Missouri 63198, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tong Y, Fobian YM, Wu M, Boyd ND, Moeller KD. Conformationally constrained substance P analogues: the total synthesis of a constrained peptidomimetic for the Phe7-Phe8 region. J Org Chem 2000; 65:2484-93. [PMID: 10789461 DOI: 10.1021/jo991649t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A lactam-based peptidomimetic for the Phe7-Phe8 region of substance P has been synthesized. The synthesis used an anodic amide oxidation to selectively functionalize the C5-position of a 3-phenylproline derivative. The resulting proline derivative was coupled to a Cbz-protected phenylalanine, and an intramolecular reductive amination strategy used to convert the coupled material into a bicyclic piperazinone ring skeleton. The net result was a dipeptide building block that imbedded one of two proposed receptor bound conformations for the Phe7-Phe8 region of substance P into a bicyclic ring skeleton. The building block was then converted into a constrained substance P analogue with the use of solid-phase peptide synthesis. A similar intramolecular reductive amination strategy was used to synthesize a substance P analogue having only Phe7 constrained, and the original 3-phenylproline was converted into a substance P analogue having only Phe8 constrained. All of the analogues were examined for their ability to displace substance P from its NK-1 receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
We have been examining synthetic approaches to conformationally restricted peptide building blocks that would allow for the construction of a variety of possible structures in a straight-forward, general way (1). To date, this effort has focused on developing the chemistry needed to rapidly imbed sections of a peptide backbone into a bicyclic or polycyclic ring skeleton (2-4). Such a transformation is accomplished by replacing spacially close hydrogens in a desired conformation with an appropriately sized carbon bridge. The potential advantages of this approach include the preservation of both the peptide backbone and the side chains in the analog, the ability to control the orientation of the side chains relative to each other, the increased hydrolytic stability of the analog, and the ease with which new analogs can be designed. The potential disadvantages of this approach include the difficulty associated with synthesizing the analogs and the steric size of the bridges added. In this chapter, a convenient preparation of analogs having the general structure of I (Fig. 1) is described. Figure 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y M Fobian
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tong Y, Fobian YM, Wu M, Boyd ND, Moeller KD. Conformational probes for elucidating the nature of substance P binding to the NK1 receptor: initial efforts to map the Phe7-Phe8 region. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:1679-82. [PMID: 9873413 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Three substance P analogs with conformation constraints in the Phe7-Phe8 region have been prepared in connection with an effort to differentiate two families of potential conformations for the binding of substance P to its NK1 receptor. While the analogs did not bind the NK1 receptor with high affinity, the synthesis of the analogs demonstrated the utility of a general method for constructing piperazinone based peptidomimetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fobian YM, d'Avignon D, Moeller KD. New routes to conformationally restricted peptide building blocks: a convenient preparation of bicyclic piperazinone derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(96)00019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
21
|
Cornille F, Fobian YM, Slomczynska U, Beusen DD, Marshall GR, Moeller KD. Anodic amide oxidations: Conformationally restricted peptide building blocks from the direct oxidation of dipeptides. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(94)88206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|