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Brunelli F, Russo C, Giustiniano M, Tron GC. Each Interruption is an Opportunity: Novel Synthetic Strategies Explored Through Interrupted Click Reactions. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303844. [PMID: 38408267 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The particular and unique mechanism of the copper-catalyzed reaction between azides and alkynes (CuAAC) has not only allowed for the efficient synthesis of 1,2,3-trisubstituted 1,4-triazoles in excellent yields and under mild conditions, becoming the quintessential click reaction, but it has also enabled the straightforward formation of a metallocycle intermediate, the copper triazolyl. This, under suitable reaction conditions able to suppress its protonolysis, can be used either for the creation of new bicyclic triazolyl structures or for the generation of novel three or four-component reactions. The aim of this review is to rationalize and unify all these transformations, which are collectively referred to as "interrupted click reactions".
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Brunelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Camilla Russo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi, Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Giustiniano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi, Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
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2
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Laxio Arenas J, Retailleau P, Gillet JM, Ghermani NE, Ongeri S, Crousse B. 5-Fluoro-1,2,3-triazole motif in peptides and its electronic properties. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8410-8414. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01716d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The 5-fluoro triazole amino acid has been prepared by halogen exchange between the 5-iodo triazole and fluoride salts and incorporated in peptides. X-ray crystallography reveals a cylindrical shape in its deformation electron density.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Laxio Arenas
- UMR 8076, BioCIS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Michel Gillet
- UMR CNRS 8580, Ecole Centrale Paris, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Nour-Eddine Ghermani
- UMR CNRS 8580, Ecole Centrale Paris, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
- UMR CNRS 8612, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sandrine Ongeri
- UMR 8076, BioCIS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Benoît Crousse
- UMR 8076, BioCIS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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3
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Arenas JL, Crousse B. An Overview of 4‐ and 5‐Halo‐1,2,3‐triazoles from Cycloaddition Reactions. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Laxio Arenas
- BioCIS, UMR 8076 CNRS Univ. Paris Saclay, Univ. Paris Sud Chatenay Malabry France
| | - Benoît Crousse
- BioCIS, UMR 8076 CNRS Univ. Paris Saclay, Univ. Paris Sud Chatenay Malabry France
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4
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Rai V, Sorabad GS, Maddani MR. Facile and direct halogenation of 1,2,3-triazoles promoted by a KX–oxone system under transition metal free conditions. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05170e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A convenient and efficient oxidative halogenation of 4-aryl 1,2,3-triazoles is realized at ambient temperature under transition metal free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakha Rai
- Department of Chemistry
- Mangalore University
- Mangalore
- India
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5
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Bakherad M, Keivanloo A, Bakherad Z, Toozandejani Z, Mahdavi M. Ligand‐free, copper‐catalyzed, one‐pot, three‐component synthesis of novel 1,2,3‐triazole‐linked indoles in magnetized water. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Keivanloo
- Faculty of ChemistryShahrood University of Technology Shahrood Iran
| | - Zohreh Bakherad
- Food and Drug Laboratories Research CenterFood and Drug Organization, MOH & ME Tehran Iran
| | | | - Mohamad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research CenterEndocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Science Institute Tehran Iran
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6
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Kotovshchikov YN, Latyshev GV, Navasardyan MA, Erzunov DA, Beletskaya IP, Lukashev NV. Annulation-Induced Cascade Transformation of 5-Iodo-1,2,3-triazoles to 2-(1-Aminoalkyl)benzoxazoles. Org Lett 2018; 20:4467-4470. [PMID: 30040429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Base-mediated cyclization of (5-iodo-1,2,3-triazolyl)phenols was proposed as a new synthetic strategy for the in situ generation of diazoimines via electrocyclic ring opening of the fused heterocycle. Cu-catalyzed amination of the intermediate diazoalkanes was employed to develop an efficient cascade approach to functionalized benzoxazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury N Kotovshchikov
- Chemistry Department , M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , 1/3 Leninskiye Gory , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Gennadij V Latyshev
- Chemistry Department , M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , 1/3 Leninskiye Gory , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Mger A Navasardyan
- Chemistry Department , M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , 1/3 Leninskiye Gory , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Dmitry A Erzunov
- Chemistry Department , M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , 1/3 Leninskiye Gory , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Irina P Beletskaya
- Chemistry Department , M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , 1/3 Leninskiye Gory , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Nikolay V Lukashev
- Chemistry Department , M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , 1/3 Leninskiye Gory , Moscow 119991 , Russia
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7
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8
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Wang D, Chen S, Wang J, Astruc D, Chen B. Base-catalyzed hydrogen–deuterium exchange and dehalogenation reactions of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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9
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Barsoum DN, Okashah N, Zhang X, Zhu L. Mechanism of Copper(I)-Catalyzed 5-Iodo-1,2,3-triazole Formation from Azide and Terminal Alkyne. J Org Chem 2015; 80:9542-51. [PMID: 26352108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
5-Iodo-1,2,3-triazole (iodotriazole) can be prepared from a copper(I)-catalyzed reaction between azide and terminal alkyne in the presence of an iodinating agent, with 5-protio-1,2,3-triazole (protiotriazole) as the side product. The increasing utilities of iodotriazoles in synthetic and supramolecular chemistry drive the efforts in improving their selective syntheses based on a sound mechanistic understanding. A routinely proposed mechanism takes the cue from the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, which includes copper(I) acetylide and triazolide as the early and the late intermediates, respectively. Instead of being protonated to afford protiotriazole, an iodinating agent presumably intercepts the copper(I) triazolide to give iodotriazole. The current work shows that copper(I) triazolide can be iodinated to afford iodotriazoles. However, when the reaction starts from a terminal alkyne as under the practical circumstances, 1-iodoalkyne (iodoalkyne) is an intermediate while copper(I) triazolide is bypassed on the reaction coordinate. The production of protiotriazole commences after almost all of the iodoalkyne is consumed. Using (1)H NMR to follow a homogeneous iodotriazole forming reaction, the rapid formation of an iodoalkyne is shown to dictate the selectivity of an iodotriazole over a protiotriazole. To ensure the exclusive production of iodotriazole, the complete conversion of an alkyne to an iodoalkyne has to, and can be, achieved at the early stage of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Barsoum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Najeah Okashah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Xiaoguang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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Schneider G, Görbe T, Mernyák E, Wölfling J, Holczbauer T, Czugler M, Sohár P, Minorics R, Zupkó I. Synthesis of novel 17-(5'-iodo)triazolyl-3-methoxyestrane epimers via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditon, and an evaluation of their cytotoxic activity in vitro. Steroids 2015; 98:153-65. [PMID: 25732071 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The regioselective Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 3-methoxyestrane 17α- and 17β-azide epimers (3 and 5) with different terminal alkynes afforded novel 1,4-substituted triazolyl derivatives (8a-f and 11a-f). If the Ph3P in the classical CuAAC process was replaced by Et3N, the formation of small quantities of 5-iodotriazoles (9a-f and 11a-f) was observed. For the preparation of 5-iodo-1,2,3-triazoles (9a-f and 11a-f), an improved method was developed, directly from steroidal azides and terminal alkynes, in reactions mediated by CuI and ICl as iodinating agents. The antiproliferative activities of the structurally related triazoles were determined in vitro with the microculture tetrazolium assay on six malignant human cell lines of gynecological origin (HeLa, A2780, MCF7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-361 and T47D). X-ray analysis revealed the presence of the iodo substituent on the 1,2,3-triazole ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyula Schneider
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Görbe
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Mernyák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Wölfling
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Holczbauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Center of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pusztaszeri út 59-67, H-1025 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mátyás Czugler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Center of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pusztaszeri út 59-67, H-1025 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Sohár
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Lóránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Renáta Minorics
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u.6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u.6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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Zhang J, Chen W, Wang B, Zhao Z, Wang X, Hu Y. One-pot three-component synthesis of 1,4,5-trisubstituted 5-iodo-1,2,3-triazoles from 1-copper(i) alkyne, azide and molecular iodine. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15980b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The desired 5-iodo-1,2,3-triazoles were synthesized conveniently without using the pre-made 1-iodoalkynes as substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Zhouxing Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Yuefei Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
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12
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Synthesis of 5-functionalized-1,2,3-triazoles via a one-pot aerobic oxidative coupling reaction of alkynes and azides. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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