1
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Amador R, Vasseur JJ, Birkuš G, Bignon E, Monari A, Clavé G, Smietana M. Synthesis of Original Cyclic Dinucleotide Analogues Using the Sulfo-click Reaction. Org Lett 2024; 26:819-823. [PMID: 38236576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) protein plays a crucial role in the activation of the innate immune response. Activation of STING is initiated by cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) which prompted the community to synthesize structural analogues to enhance their biological properties. We present here the synthesis and biological evaluation of four novel CDN analogues composed of an N-acylsulfonamide linkage. These CDNs were obtained in high overall yields via the sulfo-click reaction as a key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Amador
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Vasseur
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Gabriel Birkuš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Emmanuelle Bignon
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, UMR 7019 LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Antonio Monari
- Université Paris Cité and CNRS, ITODYS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Clavé
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Michael Smietana
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34095 Montpellier, France
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2
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Yanase Y, Tsuji G, Nakamura M, Shibata N, Demizu Y. Control of STING Agonistic/Antagonistic Activity Using Amine-Skeleton-Based c-di-GMP Analogues. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126847. [PMID: 35743289 PMCID: PMC9224868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) is a type of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-membrane receptor. STING is activated by a ligand binding, which leads to an enhancement of the immune-system response. Therefore, a STING ligand can be used to regulate the immune system in therapeutic strategies. However, the natural (or native) STING ligand, cyclic-di-nucleotide (CDN), is unsuitable for pharmaceutical use because of its susceptibility to degradation by enzymes and its low cell-membrane permeability. In this study, we designed and synthesized CDN derivatives by replacing the sugar-phosphodiester moiety, which is responsible for various problems of natural CDNs, with an amine skeleton. As a result, we identified novel STING ligands that activate or inhibit STING. The cyclic ligand 7, with a cyclic amine structure containing two guanines, was found to have agonistic activity, whereas the linear ligand 12 showed antagonistic activity. In addition, these synthetic ligands were more chemically stable than the natural ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yanase
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan; (Y.Y.); (M.N.); (N.S.)
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Genichiro Tsuji
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan; (Y.Y.); (M.N.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.T.); (Y.D.); Tel.: +81-44-270-6579 (G.T.); +81-44-270-6578 (Y.D.)
| | - Miki Nakamura
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan; (Y.Y.); (M.N.); (N.S.)
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Science of Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita 700-8530, Japan
| | - Norihito Shibata
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan; (Y.Y.); (M.N.); (N.S.)
| | - Yosuke Demizu
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan; (Y.Y.); (M.N.); (N.S.)
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Science of Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita 700-8530, Japan
- Correspondence: (G.T.); (Y.D.); Tel.: +81-44-270-6579 (G.T.); +81-44-270-6578 (Y.D.)
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3
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Zhou J, Ventura CJ, Fang RH, Zhang L. Nanodelivery of STING agonists against cancer and infectious diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 83:101007. [PMID: 34353637 PMCID: PMC8792206 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is a modality that has been widely explored for the treatment of various diseases. To increase the potency of vaccine formulations, immunostimulatory adjuvants have been regularly exploited, and the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway has recently emerged as a remarkable therapeutic target. STING is an endogenous protein on the endoplasmic reticulum that is a downstream sensor to cytosolic DNA. Upon activation, STING initiates a series of intracellular signaling cascades that ultimately generate potent type I interferon-mediated immune responses. Both natural and synthetic agonists have been used to stimulate the STING pathway, but they are usually administered locally due to low bioavailability, instability, and difficulty in bypassing the plasma membrane. With excellent pharmacokinetic profiles and versatility, nanocarriers can address many of these challenges and broaden the application of STING vaccines. Along these lines, STING-inducing nanovaccines are being developed to address a wide range of diseases. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in STING nanovaccines for anticancer, antiviral, and antibacterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Christian J Ventura
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ronnie H Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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4
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Saito-Tarashima N, Kinoshita M, Igata Y, Kashiwabara Y, Minakawa N. Replacement of oxygen with sulfur on the furanose ring of cyclic dinucleotides enhances the immunostimulatory effect via STING activation. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1519-1524. [PMID: 34671735 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00114k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are secondary messengers composed of two purine nucleotides linked via two phosphodiester linkages: c-di-GMP, c-di-AMP, 3',3'-cGAMP, and 2',3'-cGAMP. CDNs activate the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and trigger immune responses in mammalian species. CDNs are thus fascinating molecules as drug candidates, and chemically stable CDN analogues that act as STING agonists are highly desired at present. We herein report the practical synthesis of 4'-thiomodified c-di-AMP analogues, which have sulfur atoms at the 4'-position on the furanose ring instead of oxygen atoms, using simple phosphoramidite chemistry. The resulting 4'-thiomodified c-di-AMP analogues acted as potent STING agonists with long-term activity. Our results show that replacing O4' on CDNs with sulfur can lead to enhanced immunostimulatory effects via STING activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Saito-Tarashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima University Shomachi 1-78-1 Tokushima 770-8505 Japan +81 88 633 7288 +81 88 633 9539
| | - Mao Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima University Shomachi 1-78-1 Tokushima 770-8505 Japan +81 88 633 7288 +81 88 633 9539
| | - Yosuke Igata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima University Shomachi 1-78-1 Tokushima 770-8505 Japan +81 88 633 7288 +81 88 633 9539
| | - Yuta Kashiwabara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima University Shomachi 1-78-1 Tokushima 770-8505 Japan +81 88 633 7288 +81 88 633 9539
| | - Noriaki Minakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima University Shomachi 1-78-1 Tokushima 770-8505 Japan +81 88 633 7288 +81 88 633 9539
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5
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Amine skeleton-based c-di-GMP derivatives as biofilm formation inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 32:127713. [PMID: 33271284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria can form a biofilm composed of diverse bacterial microorganism, which work as a barrier to protect from threats, such as antibiotics and host immunity system. The formation of biofilms significantly impairs the efficacy of antibiotics against pathogenic bacteria. It is also a serious problem to be solved that the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria (such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA) accelerated by the overuse of antibiotics. Therefore, the usage of biofilm inhibition agents has attracted immense interest as a novel strategy for treatment of diseases related to bacterial infection. From the difference of mode of action against bacterial cells, biofilm inhibition agents are expected to circumvent the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. In this study, we have developed the derivatives of c-di-GMP, a kind of cyclic dinucleotide that is expected to have the effect of inhibiting bacterial biofilm formation. Some of the synthesized derivatives were found to inhibit biofilm formation of Gram-positive bacteria.
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7
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Wu J, Zhao L, Hu H, Li W, Li Y. Agonists and inhibitors of the STING pathway: Potential agents for immunotherapy. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:1117-1141. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun‐Jun Wu
- Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical BiologyDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Lang Zhao
- Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical BiologyDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Hong‐Guo Hu
- Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical BiologyDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Wen‐Hao Li
- Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical BiologyDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Yan‐Mei Li
- Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical BiologyDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Beijing China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems BiologyTsinghua University Beijing China
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8
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Dialer CR, Stazzoni S, Drexler DJ, Müller FM, Veth S, Pichler A, Okamura H, Witte G, Hopfner KP, Carell T. A Click-Chemistry Linked 2'3'-cGAMP Analogue. Chemistry 2019; 25:2089-2095. [PMID: 30536650 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
2'3'-cGAMP is an uncanonical cyclic dinucleotide where one A and one G base are connected via a 3'-5' and a unique 2'-5' linkage. The molecule is produced by the cyclase cGAS in response to cytosolic DNA binding. cGAMP activates STING and hence one of the most powerful pathways of innate immunity. cGAMP analogues with uncharged linkages that feature better cellular penetrability are currently highly desired. Here, the synthesis of a cGAMP analogue with one amide and one triazole linkage is reported. The molecule is best prepared via a first CuI -catalyzed click reaction, which establishes the triazole, while the cyclization is achieved by macrolactamization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Reto Dialer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Samuele Stazzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - David Jan Drexler
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Moritz Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Veth
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Pichler
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Hidenori Okamura
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Gregor Witte
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Peter Hopfner
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Carell
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
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9
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Pal C, Chakraborty TK. Synthesis of Amide-Linked Cyclic Dinucleotide Analogues with Pyrimidine Bases. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Pal
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore- 560012 India
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10
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Warminski M, Kowalska J, Jemielity J. Synthesis of RNA 5'-Azides from 2'-O-Pivaloyloxymethyl-Protected RNAs and Their Reactivity in Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition Reactions. Org Lett 2017. [PMID: 28636394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available 2'-O-pivaloyloxymethyl (PivOM) phosphoramidites were employed in an SPS protocol for RNA 5' azides. The utility of the N3-RNAs in CuAAC and SPAAC was demonstrated by RNA 5' labeling, chemical ligation including fragment joining and cyclization, and bioconjugation. As a result, several new RNA conjugates that may be valuable tools for studies on biological events such as innate immune response (cyclic dinucleotides), post-transcriptional gene regulation (circular RNAs), or mRNA turnover (m7G capped RNAs) were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Warminski
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw , Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kowalska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw , Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Jemielity
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw , Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Fletcher MH, Burns-Lynch CE, Knouse KW, Abraham LT, DeBrosse CW, Wuest WM. A novel application of the Staudinger ligation to access neutral cyclic di-nucleotide analog precursors via a divergent method. RSC Adv 2017; 7:29835-29838. [PMID: 28670448 PMCID: PMC5472050 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our efforts to develop a scalable and divergent synthesis of cyclic di-nucleotide analog precursors have resulted in (1) an orthogonally protected di-amino carbohydrate as well as (2) the novel application of the Staudinger ligation to provide medium-sized macrocycles featuring carbamate or urea linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - C E Burns-Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - K W Knouse
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - L T Abraham
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - C W DeBrosse
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - W M Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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12
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Sarkar P, Sun Z, Tokuhira T, Kotani M, Sato S, Isobe H. Stereoisomerism in Nanohoops with Heterogeneous Biaryl Linkages of E/Z- and R/S-Geometries. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2016; 2:740-747. [PMID: 27800557 PMCID: PMC5084079 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The stereochemistry of cycloarylene nanohoops gives rise to unique cyclostereoisomerism originating from hoop-shaped molecular shapes. However, cyclostereoisomerism has not been well understood despite the ever-increasing number of structural variants. The present work clarifies the cyclostereoisomerism of a cyclophenanthrenylene nanohoop possessing both E/Z- and R/S-geometries at the biaryl linkages. Involvement of the R/S axial chirality in the nanohoop leads to the deviation of the structure from a coplanar belt shape and allows for structural variations with 51 stereoisomers with E/Z- and R/S-geometries. Experimental investigations of the dynamic behaviors of the cyclophenanthrenylene nanohoop revealed the presence of two-stage isomerization processes taking place separately at the E/Z- and R/S-linkages. Consequently, despite the presence of E/Z-fluctuations, the R/S axial chirality resulted in a separable pair of enantiomers. The structural information reported here, such as geometric descriptors and anomalous dynamics, may shed light on the common structures of various nanohoops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parantap Sarkar
- Advanced
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku
University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Zhe Sun
- Advanced
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku
University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- JST, ERATO, Isobe
Degenerate π-Integration Project, Aoba-ku,
Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Toshiki Tokuhira
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Motoko Kotani
- Advanced
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku
University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Mathematical
Institute, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Advanced
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku
University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- JST, ERATO, Isobe
Degenerate π-Integration Project, Aoba-ku,
Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Advanced
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku
University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- JST, ERATO, Isobe
Degenerate π-Integration Project, Aoba-ku,
Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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13
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Fujino T, Suzuki T, Okada K, Kogashi K, Yasumoto KI, Sogawa K, Isobe H. Chimeric RNA Oligonucleotides Incorporating Triazole-Linked Trinucleotides: Synthesis and Function as mRNA in Cell-Free Translation Reactions. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8967-8976. [PMID: 27579606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A method for the synthesis of chimeric oligonucleotides was developed to incorporate purine nucleobases and multiple triazole linkers in natural, phosphate-linked structures of RNA. A solution-phase synthesis method for triazole-linked RNA oligomers via copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction was optimized and tolerated purine nucleobases and protecting groups for further transformations. Three TLRNA trinucleotides with 5'-protected hydroxy and 3'-phosphoramidite groups were prepared, and one congener with a representative sequence was subjected to automated, solid-phase phosphoramidite synthesis. The synthesis allowed the efficient preparation of 13-mer chimeric RNA oligonucleotides with two triazole linkers, ten phosphate linkers and purine/pyrimidine nucleobases. The chimeric oligonucleotide was found applicable to a cell-free translation system as mRNA and provided the genetic code for dipeptide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Fujino
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University , Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takeru Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University , Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Koudai Okada
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University , Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kanako Kogashi
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University , Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yasumoto
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Tohoku University , Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sogawa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Tohoku University , Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- JST ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project and Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University , Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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14
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Opoku-Temeng C, Zhou J, Zheng Y, Su J, Sintim HO. Cyclic dinucleotide (c-di-GMP, c-di-AMP, and cGAMP) signalings have come of age to be inhibited by small molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:9327-42. [PMID: 27339003 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03439j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria utilize nucleotide-based second messengers to regulate a myriad of physiological processes. Cyclic dinucleotides have emerged as central regulators of bacterial physiology, controlling processes ranging from cell wall homeostasis to virulence production, and so far over thousands of manuscripts have provided biological insights into c-di-NMP signaling. The development of small molecule inhibitors of c-di-NMP signaling has significantly lagged behind. Recent developments in assays that allow for high-throughput screening of inhibitors suggest that the time is right for a concerted effort to identify inhibitors of these fascinating second messengers. Herein, we review c-di-NMP signaling and small molecules that have been developed to inhibit cyclic dinucleotide-related enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Opoku-Temeng
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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15
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Kinzie CR, Steele AD, Pasciolla SM, Wuest WM. Synthesis of cyclic dimeric methyl morpholinoside—a common synthetic precursor to cyclic dinucleotide analogs. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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