1
|
Temperature-controlled S vs N selective alkylation of 1-phenyl tetrazole-5-thione with α,β-unsaturated systems in solvent-free organic salt media. J Sulphur Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2023.2173010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
2
|
Mate NA, Meador RIL, Joshi BD, Chisholm JD. Alkylation of Isatins with Trichloroacetimidates. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2131-2136. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00127f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Alkylation of isatins can be achieved utilizing trichloroacetimidate electrophiles and a Lewis acid catalyst. These reactions provide access to N-alkyl isatins, versatile scaffolds which are often employed in the synthesis...
Collapse
|
3
|
Zi Y, Wagner K, Schömberg F, Vilotijevic I. Selective C-H chalcogenation of thiazoles via thiazol-2-yl-phosphonium salts. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:5183-5191. [PMID: 32588864 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00684j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thiazoles and benzothiazoles undergo regioselective C2-H chalcogenation via the sequence of thiazole C2-functionalization with phosphines to produce phosphonium salts which in turn react with S- and Se-centered nucleophiles to give products of C2-H chalcogenation and allow for recovery of the starting phosphine. The atom economical sequence proceeds under mild conditions and features broad scope for both the nucleophiles (electron-rich, electron-poor, sterically hindered thiols) and the various substituted benzothiazoles. The access to the substituted medicinally relevant C2-thio benzothiazoles also enables stereoselectivity improvements in the modified Julia olefinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Zi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Konrad Wagner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Fritz Schömberg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Ivan Vilotijevic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Esterifications with 2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2,2,2-Trichloroacetimidate. ORGANICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/org2010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2,2,2-trichloroacetimidate is readily synthesized from 2-trimethylsilylethanol in high yield. This imidate is an effective reagent for the formation of 2-trimethylsilylethyl esters without the need for an exogenous promoter or catalyst, as the carboxylic acid substrate is acidic enough to promote ester formation without an additive. A deuterium labeling study indicated that a β-silyl carbocation intermediate is involved in the transformation.
Collapse
|
5
|
Suzuki T, Mate NA, Adhikari AA, Chisholm JD. Dialkylation of Indoles with Trichloroacetimidates to Access 3,3-Disubstituted Indolenines. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224143. [PMID: 31731742 PMCID: PMC6891773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Substituted indoles may be directly transformed to 3,3-dialkyl indolenines with trichloroacetimidate electrophiles and the Lewis acid TMSOTf. These reactions provide rapid access to complex indolenines which are present in a variety of complex natural products and medicinally relevant small molecule structures. This method provides an alternative to the use of transition metal catalysis. The indolenines are readily transformed into spiroindoline systems which are privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ando K, Hattori J. One-pot preparation of Julia-Kocienski sulfides and sulfones from alcohols. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
7
|
Ma X, Yu J, Yan R, Yan M, Xu Q. Promoting Effect of Crystal Water Leading to Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Heteroaryl Thioether from Heteroaryl Chloride, Sodium Thiosulfate Pentahydrate, and Alcohol. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11294-11300. [PMID: 31393123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is observed the crystal water in sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (Na2S2O3·5H2O) can promote its multicomponent reaction with heteroaryl chlorides and alcohols, providing a facile, green, and specific synthesis of unsymmetrical heteroaryl thioethers via one-step formation of two C-S bonds under catalyst-, additive-, and solvent-free conditions. Mechanistic studies suggest that the crystal water in Na2S2O3·5H2O is crucial in generating the key thiol intermediates and byproduct NaHSO4, which then catalyzes the dehydrative substitution of alcohols with thiols to afford thioethers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiantao Ma
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering , Wenzhou University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang , Henan 464000 , China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225002 , China
| | - Jing Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang , Henan 464000 , China
| | - Ran Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang , Henan 464000 , China
| | - Mengli Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang , Henan 464000 , China
| | - Qing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering , Wenzhou University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325035 , China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225002 , China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mahajani NS, Meador RIL, Smith TJ, Canarelli SE, Adhikari AA, Shah JP, Russo CM, Wallach DR, Howard KT, Millimaci AM, Chisholm JD. Ester Formation via Symbiotic Activation Utilizing Trichloroacetimidate Electrophiles. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7871-7882. [PMID: 31117564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Trichloroacetimidates are useful reagents for the synthesis of esters under mild conditions that do not require an exogenous promoter. These conditions avoid the undesired decomposition of substrates with sensitive functional groups that are often observed with the use of strong Lewis or Brønsted acids. With heating, these reactions have been extended to benzyl esters without electron-donating groups. These inexpensive and convenient methods should find application in the formation of esters in complex substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita S Mahajani
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
| | - Rowan I L Meador
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
| | - Tomas J Smith
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
| | - Sarah E Canarelli
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
| | - Arijit A Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
| | - Jigisha P Shah
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
| | - Christopher M Russo
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
| | - Daniel R Wallach
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
| | - Kyle T Howard
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
| | - Alexandra M Millimaci
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
| | - John D Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Substituted indole scaffolds are often utilized in medicinal chemistry as they regularly possess significant pharmacological activity. Therefore the development of simple, inexpensive and efficient methods for alkylating the indole heterocycle continues to be an active research area. Reported are reactions of trichloroacetimidate electrophiles and indoles to address the challenges of accessing alkyl decorated indole structures. These alkylations perform best when either the indole or the imidate is functionalized with electron withdrawing groups to avoid polyalkylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamie Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244
| | - John D Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Miao C, Zhuang H, Wen Y, Han F, Yang QF, Yang L, Li Z, Xia C. Efficient Thiolation of Alcohols Catalyzed by Long Chained Acid-Functionalized Ionic Liquids under Mild Conditions. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengxia Miao
- College of Chemistry and Material Science; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an 271018 Shandong China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Suzhou Research Institute of LICP; hou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP); Chinese Academy of Sciences; 730000, Gansu Lanzhou China
| | - Hongfeng Zhuang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an 271018 Shandong China
| | - Yating Wen
- College of Chemistry and Material Science; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an 271018 Shandong China
| | - Feng Han
- College of Chemistry and Material Science; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an 271018 Shandong China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Suzhou Research Institute of LICP; hou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP); Chinese Academy of Sciences; 730000, Gansu Lanzhou China
| | - Qing-Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering; Ningxia University; 750021, Ningxia China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Suzhou Research Institute of LICP; hou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP); Chinese Academy of Sciences; 730000, Gansu Lanzhou China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Suzhou Research Institute of LICP; hou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP); Chinese Academy of Sciences; 730000, Gansu Lanzhou China
| | - Chungu Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Suzhou Research Institute of LICP; hou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP); Chinese Academy of Sciences; 730000, Gansu Lanzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mahajani NS, Chisholm JD. Promoter free allylation of trichloroacetimidates with allyltributylstannanes under thermal conditions to access the common 1,1'-diarylbutyl pharmacophore. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:4008-4012. [PMID: 29766199 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00687c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
1,1'-Diarylbutyl groups are a common pharmacophore found in many biologically active small molecules. To access these systems under mild conditions, the reaction of diarylmethyl trichloroacetimidates with allyltributylstannanes was explored. Simply heating allyltributylstannane with the trichloroacetimidate resulted in substitution of the imidate with an allyl group. Unlike other methods used to access these systems, no strong base, transition metal catalyst, Brønsted acid or Lewis acid promoter was required to affect the transformation. Conversions are best with electron rich benzylic trichloroacetimidate systems, where excellent yields are achieved just by refluxing the reactants together in nitromethane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita S Mahajani
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mahajani NS, Chisholm JD. Synthesis of 1,1'-Diarylethanes and Related Systems by Displacement of Trichloroacetimidates with Trimethylaluminum. J Org Chem 2018; 83:4131-4139. [PMID: 29478311 PMCID: PMC5889320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Benzylic trichloroacetimidates are readily displaced by trimethylaluminum under Lewis acid promoted conditions to provide the corresponding methyl substitution product. This method is a convenient way to access 1,1'-diarylethanes and related systems, which play a significant role in medicinal chemistry, with a number of systems owing their biological activity to this functionality. Most benzylic substrates undergo ready displacement, with electron deficient systems being the exception. The use of an enantiopure imidate showed significant racemization, implicating the formation of a cationic intermediate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita S. Mahajani
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, NY 13244
| | - John D. Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, NY 13244
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Adhikari AA, Suzuki T, Gilbert RT, Linaburg MR, Chisholm JD. Rearrangement of Benzylic Trichloroacetimidates to Benzylic Trichloroacetamides. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3982-3989. [PMID: 28323428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The rearrangement of allylic trichloroacetimidates is a well-known transformation, but the corresponding rearrangement of benzylic trichloroacetimidates has not been explored as a method for the synthesis of benzylic amines. Conditions that provide the trichloroacetamide product from a benzylic trichloroacetimidate in high yield have been developed. Methods were also investigated to transform the trichloroacetamide product directly into the corresponding amine, carbamate, and urea. A cationic mechanism for the rearrangement is implicated by the available data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arijit A Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University , Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Tamie Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University , Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Reesheda T Gilbert
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University , Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Matthew R Linaburg
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University , Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - John D Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University , Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fujita H, Kakuyama S, Kunishima M. N,N′-Dimethylated Benzyloxytriazinedione: A Stable Solid Reagent for Acid-CatalyzedO-Benzylation. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Fujita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; 920-1192 Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa Japan
| | - Satoshi Kakuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; 920-1192 Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa Japan
| | - Munetaka Kunishima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; 920-1192 Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wallach DR, Chisholm JD. Alkylation of Sulfonamides with Trichloroacetimidates under Thermal Conditions. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8035-42. [PMID: 27487402 PMCID: PMC5010445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An intermolecular alkylation of sulfonamides with trichloroacetimidates is reported. This transformation does not require an exogenous acid, base, or transition metal catalyst; instead the addition occurs in refluxing toluene without additives. The sulfonamide alkylation partner appears to be only limited by sterics, with unsubstituted sulfonamides providing better yields than more encumbered N-alkyl sulfonamides. The trichloroacetimidate alkylating agent must be a stable cation precursor for the substitution reaction to proceed under these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Wallach
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244
| | - John D. Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Adhikari AA, Chisholm JD. Lewis Acid Catalyzed Displacement of Trichloroacetimidates in the Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrroloindolines. Org Lett 2016; 18:4100-3. [PMID: 27486831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The pyrroloindoline core is found in many natural products. These structures often differ at the C3a position, which may be substituted with an oxygen, nitrogen, or sp(3)- or sp(2)-hybridized carbon. Utilizing a trichloroacetimidate leaving group, a diversity-oriented approach to these structures has been developed. The trichloroacetimidate intermediate allows for the rapid incorporation of anilines, alcohols, thiols, and carbon nucleophiles. This method was applied in the synthesis of arundinine and a formal synthesis of psychotriasine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arijit A Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - John D Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Howard KT, Duffy BC, Linaburg MR, Chisholm JD. Formation of DPM ethers using O-diphenylmethyl trichloroacetimidate under thermal conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1623-8. [PMID: 26691695 PMCID: PMC4986612 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02455b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alcohols are effectively converted to their corresponding diphenylmethyl (DPM) ethers by reaction with O-diphenylmethyl trichloroacetimidate in refluxing toluene without the requirement of a catalyst or other additives. A number of acid and base sensitive substrates were protected in excellent yield using this new method without disturbing the pre-existing functionality present in these molecules. This reaction is the first example of the formation of an ether from stoichiometric amounts of a trichloroacetimidate and an alcohol without the addition of a Brønsted or Lewis acid catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Howard
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA.
| | - Brian C Duffy
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA.
| | - Matthew R Linaburg
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA.
| | - John D Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA.
| |
Collapse
|