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Yang JY, Ma YX, Liu Y, Peng XJ, Chen XZ. A Comprehensive Review of Natural Flavonoids with Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062735. [PMID: 36985705 PMCID: PMC10054335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has majorly impacted public health and economies worldwide. Although several effective vaccines and drugs are now used to prevent and treat COVID-19, natural products, especially flavonoids, showed great therapeutic potential early in the pandemic and thus attracted particular attention. Quercetin, baicalein, baicalin, EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate), and luteolin are among the most studied flavonoids in this field. Flavonoids can directly or indirectly exert antiviral activities, such as the inhibition of virus invasion and the replication and inhibition of viral proteases. In addition, flavonoids can modulate the levels of interferon and proinflammatory factors. We have reviewed the previously reported relevant literature researching the pharmacological anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of flavonoids where structures, classifications, synthetic pathways, and pharmacological effects are summarized. There is no doubt that flavonoids have great potential in the treatment of COVID-19. However, most of the current research is still in the theoretical stage. More studies are recommended to evaluate the efficacy and safety of flavonoids against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiang-Zhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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2
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Kandasamy S, Whitehead GFS, Vitórica-Yrezábal IJ, Gardiner JM. Synthesis and structure of d-glucuronolactone derived carboxamides. Carbohydr Res 2023; 524:108744. [PMID: 36706564 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
5-O-Protected and 1,2-acetonide-protected D-glucurono-6,3-lactone furanosides were converted into novel furano-glucuronamides through treatment with ammonia. Several O3 protections and O5-deprotection routes afford new primary gluconamide derivatives. However, attempted O3-benzylations of O5-protected intermediates led instead to silyl migration (from O5-TDBMS), competitive N-benzylation or reclosure to the lactone are observed as competing processes. This is not seen the using 5-O-PMB protection which the provides the method of choice for obtaining a fully protection-differentiated glucofuranamide. X-ray crystal structures of a fully-protected glucurono-6,3-lactone lactone and a glucuronamide derivatives are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Kandasamy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - George F S Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Iñigo J Vitórica-Yrezábal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - John M Gardiner
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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3
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Singh K, Kulkarni SS. Small Carbohydrate Derivatives as Potent Antibiofilm Agents. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8525-8549. [PMID: 35777073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation by most pathogenic bacteria is considered as one of the key mechanisms associated with virulence and antibiotic resistance. Biofilm-forming bacteria adhere to the surfaces of biological or implant medical devices and create communities within their self-produced extracellular matrix that are difficult to treat by existing antibiotics. There is an urgent need to synthesize and screen structurally diverse molecules for their antibiofilm activity that can remove or minimize the bacterial biofilm. The development of carbohydrate-based small molecules as antibiofilm agents holds a great promise in addressing the problem of the eradication of biofilm-related infections. Owing to their structural diversity and specificity, the sugar scaffolds are valuable entities for developing antibiofilm agents. In this perspective, we discuss the literature pertaining to carbohydrate-based natural antibiofilm agents and provide an overview of the design, activity, and mode of action of potent synthetic carbohydrate-based molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartikey Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Suvarn S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
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Shagufta, Ahmad I. An Update on Pharmacological Relevance and Chemical Synthesis of Natural Products and Derivatives with Anti SARS-CoV-2 Activity. ChemistrySelect 2021; 6:11502-11527. [PMID: 34909460 PMCID: PMC8661826 DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural products recognized traditionally as a vital source of active constituents in pharmacotherapy. The COVID-19 infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly transmissible, pathogenic, and considered an ongoing global health emergency. The emergence of COVID-19 globally and the lack of adequate treatment brought attention towards herbal medicines, and scientists across the globe instigated the search for novel drugs from medicinal plants and natural products to tackle this deadly virus. The natural products rich in scaffold diversity and structural complexity are an excellent source for antiviral drug discovery. Recently the investigation of several natural products and their synthetic derivatives resulted in the identification of promising anti SARS-CoV-2 agents. This review article will highlight the pharmacological relevance and chemical synthesis of the recently discovered natural product and their synthetic analogs as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. The summarized information will pave the path for the natural product-based drug discovery of safe and potent antiviral agents, particularly against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta
- Department of Mathematics and Natural SciencesSchool of Arts and SciencesAmerican University of Ras Al KhaimahRas Al Khaimah Road, P. O. Box10021Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Mathematics and Natural SciencesSchool of Arts and SciencesAmerican University of Ras Al KhaimahRas Al Khaimah Road, P. O. Box10021Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
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5
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Microbial Transformation of Galangin Derivatives and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Their Metabolites. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11091020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Galangin (1), 3-O-methylgalangin (2), and galangin flavanone (3), the major bioactive flavonoids isolated from Alpinia officinarum, were biotransformed into one novel and four known metabolites (4–8) by application of the fungal strains Mucor hiemalis and Absidia coerulea as biocatalysts. Their structures were characterized by extensive spectroscopic analyses including one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Compounds 1–7 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. The new compound 3-O-methylgalangin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6) exhibited the most potent cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, A375P, B16F10, B16F1, and A549 cancer cell lines with the IC50 values at 3.55–6.23 μM.
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Antonio A, Wiedemann L, Galante E, Guimarães A, Matharu A, Veiga-Junior V. Efficacy and sustainability of natural products in COVID-19 treatment development: opportunities and challenges in using agro-industrial waste from Citrus and apple. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07816. [PMID: 34423146 PMCID: PMC8366044 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been used in the treatment of illnesses throughout the history of humankind. Exploitation of bioactive compounds from natural sources can aid in the discovery of new drugs, provide the scaffold of new medicines. In the face of challenging diseases, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, for which there was no effective treatment, nature could offer insights as to novel therapeutic options for control measures. However, the environmental impact and supply chain of bioactive production must be carefully evaluated to ensure the detrimental effects will not outweigh the potential benefits gained. History has already proven that highly bioactive compounds can be rare and not suitable for medicinal exploitation; therefore, the sustainability must be accessed before expensive, time-demanding, and large trials can be initialized. A sustainable option to readily produce a phytotherapy with minimal environmental stress is the use of agro-industry wastes, a by-product produced in high quantities. In this review we evaluate the sustainability issues associated with the production of phytotherapy as a readily available tool for pandemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.S. Antonio
- Chemical Engineering Section, Military Institute of Engineering, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Praia Vermelha, Urca, 22290-270, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Exact Sciences, Amazonas Federal University, Avenida Rodrigo Otávio, 6200, Coroado, 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - L.S.M. Wiedemann
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Exact Sciences, Amazonas Federal University, Avenida Rodrigo Otávio, 6200, Coroado, 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - E.B.F. Galante
- Chemical Engineering Section, Military Institute of Engineering, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Praia Vermelha, Urca, 22290-270, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - A.C. Guimarães
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Exact Sciences, Amazonas Federal University, Avenida Rodrigo Otávio, 6200, Coroado, 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - A.S. Matharu
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - V.F. Veiga-Junior
- Chemical Engineering Section, Military Institute of Engineering, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Praia Vermelha, Urca, 22290-270, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Guo M, Gao X, Song H, Gu Y, Christie P, Wu S, Fan X. Anti-tumor effect of synthetic baicalin-rare earth metal complex drugs on SMMC-7721 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:3851-3864. [PMID: 32607700 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Baicalin (BC)-rare earth metal complexes [BMCs (BC-Ce, BC-La, and BC-Y)] were synthesized by a complexation coordination method. A mouse tumor model with SMMC-7721 cells was used to examine BMCs for their anti-tumor activities in vivo. The results show that the three new BMCs, Na3Ce (C21H16O11)3·10H2O, Na2La (C21H16O11)2·8H2O, and Na2Y (C21H16O11)2·6H2O significantly inhibited SMMC-7721 cell proliferation, since the BMCs may induce the tumor apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner through decreasing cell membrane fluidity and mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, blocking of the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, and increasing the expression of Bax and reducing the expression of Bcl-2. The effectiveness order of these three BCMs was as follows: BC-Ce > BC-La > BC-Y > BC. It is concluded that BC-Ce, BC-La, and BC-Y possess potent anti-tumor effects and may be a novel group of anti-tumor drugs. The novel baicalin-rare earth metal complexes (BMC) were synthesized, the anti-tumor effects of the BMC on SMMC-7721 cell analyzed comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guo
- School of Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- School of Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Houhui Song
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Gu
- School of Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peter Christie
- School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengchun Wu
- School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaoyue Fan
- School of Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
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Li G, Wang G, Tong Y, Zhu J, Yun T, Ye X, Li F, Yuan S, Liu Q. Concise synthesis and antidiabetic activity of natural flavonoid glycosides, oroxins C and D, isolated from the seeds of Oroxylum indium. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820927966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The first concise synthesis of natural flavonoid glycosides, oroxins C (1) and D (2), which were isolated from the seeds of Oroxylum indicum, was efficiently achieved by a convergent strategy. The synthesized natural products 1 and 2 were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and lipase. Compound 1 showed strong α-amylase and lipase inhibition, with IC50 values of 210 and 190 μM, respectively, but exhibited no inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. Compound 2 showed strong inhibition against α-glucosidase and lipase, with the respective IC50 values of 180 and 80 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang, P.R. China
| | - Yangliu Tong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Junheng Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Tongtong Yun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Fahui Li
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Shengli Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Qingchao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, P.R. China
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10
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Pojero F, Poma P, Spanò V, Montalbano A, Barraja P, Notarbartolo M. Targeting multiple myeloma with natural polyphenols. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:465-485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road; Shanghai 20032 China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road; Shanghai 20032 China
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12
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Liu L, Hu Y, Liu H, Liu DY, Xia JH, Sun JS. First Total Synthesis of the Bioactive Arylnaphthyl Lignan 4-O
-Glycosides Phyllanthusmin D and 4′′-O
-Acetylmananthoside B. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- The National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis; 99 Ziyang Avenue Nanchang China
| | - Yang Hu
- The National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis; 99 Ziyang Avenue Nanchang China
| | - Hui Liu
- The National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis; 99 Ziyang Avenue Nanchang China
| | - De-Yong Liu
- The National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis; 99 Ziyang Avenue Nanchang China
| | - Jian-Hui Xia
- The National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis; 99 Ziyang Avenue Nanchang China
- Department of Chemistry of Jiangxi Normal University; 99 Ziyang Avenue Nanchang China
| | - Jian-Song Sun
- The National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis; 99 Ziyang Avenue Nanchang China
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13
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Hou Z, Liu Y, Zhang XX, Chang XW, Cheng MS, Guo C. Synthesis of glucuronic acid derivatives via the efficient and selective removal of a C6 methyl group. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Liao JX, Fan NL, Liu H, Tu YH, Sun JS. Highly efficient synthesis of flavonol 5-O-glycosides with glycosyl ortho-alkynylbenzoates as donors. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1221-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02313k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient approach to construct the challenging flavonol 5-O-glycosidic linkages is developed, providing a general synthetic route to flavonol 5-O-glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xi Liao
- The National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jianxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- China
| | - Nai-Li Fan
- The National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jianxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- China
| | - Hui Liu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jianxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- China
| | - Yuan-Hong Tu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jianxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- China
| | - Jian-Song Sun
- The National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jianxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- China
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