1
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Kher K, Dhaker M, Baroliya PK. Recent advances in electrochemical functionalization using diazonium salts. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7052-7061. [PMID: 37610707 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00978e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Arenediazonium salts have gained attention in the scientific community due to their numerous synthetic applications. In the traditional method of dediazoniation of arenediazonium salts, the requirements for toxic oxidants and costly catalysts affect their cost-effectiveness and sustainability. However, recent advances in synthetic organic electrochemistry allow for the in situ reduction of arenediazonium salts, affording different functionalizations under mild reaction conditions and with a shorter reaction time. Herein, we report advances up to now of facile organic electrochemical syntheses using arenediazonium salt precursors that avoid the use of hazardous reductants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kher
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India.
| | - Mukesh Dhaker
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India.
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2
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Fnaiche A, Bueno B, McMullin CL, Gagnon A. On the Barton Copper-Catalyzed C3-Arylation of Indoles using Triarylbismuth bis(trifluoroacetate) Reagents. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202200465. [PMID: 36843381 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
We disclose herein our detailed investigation into the Barton copper-promoted C3-arylation of indoles using triarylbismuth bis(trifluoroacetates). The arylation of unsubstituted 1H-indole using Barton's conditions gave a low yield of the C3-arylated indole, along with small amounts of the product of double C2/C3-arylation and traces of the product of C2 arylation. On the contrary, the arylation of indoles blocked at the C2 position is highly efficient, affording the desired products of C3-arylation in good to excellent yields. The reaction operates under simple conditions, shows good substrate scope, excellent functional group compatibility, and allows the transfer of electron-neutral or deficient aryl groups. Computational studies propose a mechanism involving a trifluoroacetate-assisted C-H activation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fnaiche
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bianca Bueno
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Claire L McMullin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Alexandre Gagnon
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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3
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Zhou C, Gan QC, Zhou TP, Lei T, Ye C, He XJ, Chen B, Lu H, Wan Q, Liao RZ, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Site-Selective N-1 and C-3 Heteroarylation of Indole with Heteroarylnitriles by Organocatalysis under Visible Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116421. [PMID: 34985181 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Site-selective N-1 and C-3 arylation of indole has been sought after because of the prevalent application of arylindoles and the intricate reactivities associated with the multiple sites of the N-unsubstituted indole. Represented herein is the first regioselective heteroarylation of indole via a radical-radical cross-coupling by visible-light irradiation. Steady and time-resolved spectroscopic and computational studies revealed that the hydrogen-bonding interaction of organic base and its conjugated acid, namely with indole and heteroarylnitrile, determined the reaction pathway, which underwent either proton-coupled electron-transfer or energy-transfer for the subsequent radical-radical cross-coupling, leading to the regioselective formation of C-3 and N-1 heteroarylation of indoles, respectively. The parallel methodologies for regioisomeric N-1 and C-3 heteroaryl indoles with good functional group compatibility could be applied to large-scale synthesis and late-stage derivatization of bioactive compounds under extremely mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi-Chao Gan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tai-Ping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Heng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qian Wan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rong-Zhen Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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4
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Grover J, Prakash G, Goswami N, Maiti D. Traditional and sustainable approaches for the construction of C–C bonds by harnessing C–H arylation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1085. [PMID: 35228555 PMCID: PMC8885660 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biaryl scaffolds are found in natural products and drug molecules and exhibit a wide range of biological activities. In past decade, the transition metal-catalyzed C–H arylation reaction came out as an effective tool for the construction of biaryl motifs. However, traditional transition metal-catalyzed C–H arylation reactions have limitations like harsh reaction conditions, narrow substrate scope, use of additives etc. and therefore encouraged synthetic chemists to look for alternate greener approaches. This review aims to draw a general overview on C–H bond arylation reactions for the formation of C–C bonds with the aid of different methodologies, majorly highlighting on greener and sustainable approaches. Transition-metal-catalyzed C–H arylations are an effective tool for the construction of biaryl motifs in an efficient and selective manner. Here the authors provide an overview of the state-of-the-art of the field and perspectives on emerging directions toward increased sustainability.
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5
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Abstract
The fields of C-H functionalization and photoredox catalysis have garnered enormous interest and utility in the past several decades. Many different scientific disciplines have relied on C-H functionalization and photoredox strategies including natural product synthesis, drug discovery, radiolabeling, bioconjugation, materials, and fine chemical synthesis. In this Review, we highlight the use of photoredox catalysis in C-H functionalization reactions. We separate the review into inorganic/organometallic photoredox catalysts and organic-based photoredox catalytic systems. Further subdivision by reaction class─either sp2 or sp3 C-H functionalization─lends perspective and tactical strategies for use of these methods in synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Holmberg-Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - David A Nicewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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6
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Zhou C, Gan Q, Zhou T, Lei T, Ye C, He X, Chen B, Lu H, Wan Q, Liao R, Tung C, Wu L. Site‐Selective
N
‐1 and C‐3 Heteroarylation of Indole with Heteroarylnitriles by Organocatalysis under Visible Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Qi‐Chao Gan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Tai‐Ping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Tao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiao‐Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Heng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Qian Wan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Rong‐Zhen Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Chen‐Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Li‐Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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7
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Guo ZQ, Xu H, Wang X, Wang ZY, Ma B, Dai HX. C3-Arylation of indoles with aryl ketones via C-C/C-H activations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9716-9719. [PMID: 34473138 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03954g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C3-Arylation of indoles with aryl ketones is accomplished via palladium-catalyzed ligand-promoted Ar-C(O) cleavage and subsequent C-H arylation of indole. Various (hetero)aryl ketones are compatible in this reaction, affording the corresponding 3-arylindoles in moderate to good yields. Further introduction of an indole moiety into the natural products desoxyestrone and evodiamine demonstrate the synthetic utility of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qiong Guo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hui Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xing Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Biao Ma
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hui-Xiong Dai
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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8
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Synthesis and Antimycobacterial Activity of 3-Phenyl-1 H-indoles. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 26:molecules26175148. [PMID: 34500579 PMCID: PMC8433792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis has been described as a global health crisis since the 1990s, with an estimated 1.4 million deaths in the last year. Herein, a series of 20 1H-indoles were synthesized and evaluated as in vitro inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth. Furthermore, the top hit compounds were active against multidrug-resistant strains, without cross-resistance with first-line drugs. Exposing HepG2 and Vero cells to the molecules for 72 h showed that one of the evaluated structures was devoid of apparent toxicity. In addition, this 3-phenyl-1H-indole showed no genotoxicity signals. Finally, time-kill and pharmacodynamic model analyses demonstrated that this compound has bactericidal activity at concentrations close to the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, coupled with a strong time-dependent behavior. To the best of our knowledge, this study describes the activity of 3-phenyl-1H-indole against Mtb for the first time.
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9
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Mo F, Qiu D, Zhang L, Wang J. Recent Development of Aryl Diazonium Chemistry for the Derivatization of Aromatic Compounds. Chem Rev 2021; 121:5741-5829. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanyang Mo
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Di Qiu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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10
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Xu P, Duan XH. Pd/β-cyclodextrin-catalyzed C–H functionalization in water: a greener approach to regioselective arylation of (NH)-indoles with aryl bromides. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03400f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A greener and more practical approach to the regioselective C3/C2-arylation of (NH)-indoles with (hetero)aryl bromides in water is developed via the Na2PdCl4-catalyzed and β-cyclodextrin ligand-mediated cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Hong Duan
- College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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11
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12
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Campana F, Massaccesi BM, Santoro S, Piermatti O, Vaccaro L. Polarclean/Water as a Safe and Recoverable Medium for Selective C2-Arylation of Indoles Catalyzed by Pd/C. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2020; 8:16441-16450. [PMID: 33828930 PMCID: PMC8018292 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c05049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the use of nontoxic, water-miscible Polarclean as a safe dipolar aprotic solvent for the metal-catalyzed direct C2-H arylation of indoles using Pd/C as a catalyst. The developed method allows reaching excellent yields and regioselectivities, and it tolerates various substituents on both indole and diaryliodonium salt scaffolds. Polarclean is fully recoverable and reusable; it shows a very low leaching of the metal catalyst, allowing its complete recovery and reuse for at least six representative reaction runs.
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13
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Ban K, Yamamoto Y, Sajiki H, Sawama Y. Arylation of indoles using cyclohexanones dually-catalyzed by niobic acid and palladium-on-carbons. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3898-3902. [PMID: 32400844 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00702a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
3-Arylindoles were easily constructed from indoles and cyclohexanone derivatives using a combination of catalytic niobic acid-on-carbon (Nb2O5/C) and palladium-on-carbon (Pd/C) under heating conditions without any oxidants. The Lewis acidic Nb2O5/C promoted the nucleophilic addition of indoles to the cyclohexanones, and the subsequent dehydration and Pd/C-catalyzed dehydrogenation produced the 3-arylindoles. The additive 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene worked as a hydrogen acceptor to facilitate the dehydrogenation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuho Ban
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigakunishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
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14
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Xu C, Xie W, Xu J. Metal-free and regiospecific synthesis of 3-arylindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2661-2671. [PMID: 32196059 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00317d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A convenient, metal-free, and organic acid-base promoted synthetic method to prepare 3-arylindoles from 3-aryloxirane-2-carbonitriles and arylhydrazine hydrochlorides has been developed. In the reaction, the organic acid catalyzes a tandem nucleophilic ring-opening reaction of aryloxiranecarbonitriles and arylhydrazine hydrochlorides and Fischer indolization. The organic base triethylamine plays a crucial role in the final elimination step in the Fischer indole synthesis, affording 3-arylindoles regiospecifically. The reaction features advantages of microwave acceleration, non-metal participation, short reaction time, organic acid-base co-catalysis, and broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangchuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Wenlai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
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15
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Petzold D, Giedyk M, Chatterjee A, König B. A Retrosynthetic Approach for Photocatalysis. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Petzold
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Maciej Giedyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01‐224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anamitra Chatterjee
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
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16
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Medina-Mercado I, Asomoza-Solís EO, Martínez-González E, Ugalde-Saldívar VM, Ledesma-Olvera LG, Barquera-Lozada JE, Gómez-Vidales V, Barroso-Flores J, Frontana-Uribe BA, Porcel S. Ascorbic Acid as an Aryl Radical Inducer in the Gold-Mediated Arylation of Indoles with Aryldiazonium Chlorides. Chemistry 2020; 26:634-642. [PMID: 31621965 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years interest in the development of protocols that facilitate the oxidative addition of gold to access mild cross-coupling processes mediated by this metal has increased. In this context, we report herein that ascorbic acid, a natural and readily accessible antioxidant, can be used to accelerate the oxidative addition of aryldiazonium chlorides onto AuI . The aryl-AuIII species generated in this way, has been used to prepare 3-arylindoles in a one-pot protocol starting from anilines and para-, meta-, and ortho- substituted aryldiazonium chlorides. The mechanism underlying the oxidative addition has been examined in detail based on EPR analyses, cyclic voltammetry, and DFT calculations. Interestingly, we have found that in this protocol, the chloride atom induces the AuII /AuIII oxidation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Medina-Mercado
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Cd. Mx., 04510, México
| | - Eric Omar Asomoza-Solís
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Cd. Mx., 04510, México
| | - Eduardo Martínez-González
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Cd. Mx., 04510, México
| | - Victor Manuel Ugalde-Saldívar
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Cd. Mx., 04510, México
| | - Lydia Gabriela Ledesma-Olvera
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Cd. Mx., 04510, México
| | - José Enrique Barquera-Lozada
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Cd. Mx., 04510, México
| | - Virginia Gómez-Vidales
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Cd. Mx., 04510, México
| | - Joaquín Barroso-Flores
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Cd. Mx., 04510, México.,Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable, UAEM-UNAM, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco Km 14.5, C.P. 50200, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Bernardo A Frontana-Uribe
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Cd. Mx., 04510, México.,Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable, UAEM-UNAM, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco Km 14.5, C.P. 50200, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Susana Porcel
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Cd. Mx., 04510, México
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17
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Zhang S, Tang Z, Bao W, Li J, Guo B, Huang S, Zhang Y, Rao Y. Perylenequinonoid-catalyzed photoredox activation for the direct arylation of (het)arenes with sunlight. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4364-4369. [PMID: 30984953 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00659a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring perylenequinonoid pigments (PQPs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their excellent properties of photosensitization. They have been widely investigated as an aspect of photophysics and photobiology. However, their applications in photocatalysis are yet to be explored. We report here that sunlight along with 1 mol% cercosporin, which is one of the perylenequinonoid pigments, catalyzes the direct C-H bond arylation of (het)arenes by a photoredox process with good regioselectivity and broad functional group compatibility. Furthermore, a gram-scale reaction with great conversions of substrates was achieved even by a cercosporin-containing supernatant without organic solvent extraction and purification after liquid fermentation. Thus we set up a bridge between microbial fermentation and organic photocatalysis for chemical reactions in a sustainable, environmentally friendly manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China.
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18
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Rodriguez J, Zeineddine A, Sosa Carrizo ED, Miqueu K, Saffon-Merceron N, Amgoune A, Bourissou D. Catalytic Au(i)/Au(iii) arylation with the hemilabile MeDalphos ligand: unusual selectivity for electron-rich iodoarenes and efficient application to indoles. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7183-7192. [PMID: 31588286 PMCID: PMC6685352 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01954e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of the hemilabile (P,N) MeDalphos ligand to trigger oxidative addition of iodoarenes to gold has been thoroughly studied. Competition experiments and Hammett correlations substantiate a clear preference of gold for electron-enriched substrates both in stoichiometric oxidative addition reactions and in catalytic C-C cross-coupling with 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene. This feature markedly contrasts with the higher reactivity of electron-deprived substrates typically encountered with palladium. Based on DFT calculations and detailed analysis of the key transition states (using NBO, CDA and ETS-NOCV methods in particular), the different behavior of the two metals is proposed to result from inverse electron flow between the substrate and metal. Indeed, oxidative addition of iodobenzene is associated with a charge transfer from the substrate to the metal at the transition state for gold, but opposite for palladium. The higher electrophilicity of the gold center favors electron-rich substrates while important back-donation from palladium favors electron-poor substrates. Facile oxidative addition of iodoarenes combined with the propensity of gold(iii) complexes to readily react with electron-rich (hetero)arenes prompted us to apply the (MeDalphos)AuCl complex in the catalytic arylation of indoles, a challenging but very important transformation. The gold complex proved to be very efficient, general and robust. It displays complete regioselectivity for C3 arylation, it tolerates a variety of functional groups at both the iodoarene and indole partners (NO2, CO2Me, Br, OTf, Bpin, OMe…) and it proceeds under mild conditions (75 °C, 2 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rodriguez
- CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier , Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) , 118 Route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 , France .
| | - Abdallah Zeineddine
- CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier , Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) , 118 Route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 , France .
| | - E Daiann Sosa Carrizo
- CNRS/UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR , Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux , (IPREM UMR 5254) , Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Angot , 64053 Pau Cedex 09 , France
| | - Karinne Miqueu
- CNRS/UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR , Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux , (IPREM UMR 5254) , Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Angot , 64053 Pau Cedex 09 , France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (FR 2599) , 118 Route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 , France
| | - Abderrahmane Amgoune
- CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier , Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) , 118 Route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 , France .
| | - Didier Bourissou
- CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier , Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) , 118 Route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 , France .
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19
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Festa AA, Voskressensky LG, Van der Eycken EV. Visible light-mediated chemistry of indoles and related heterocycles. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4401-4423. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00790j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The impact of visible light-promoted chemistry on the functionalization of indoles and related heterocycles is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Festa
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | | | - Erik V. Van der Eycken
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC)
- Department of Chemistry
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20
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Felpin FX, Sengupta S. Biaryl synthesis with arenediazonium salts: cross-coupling, CH-arylation and annulation reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:1150-1193. [PMID: 30608075 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00453f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The rich legacy of arenediazonium salts in the synthesis of unsymmetrical biaryls, built around the seminal works of Pschorr, Gomberg and Bachmann more than a century ago, continues to make important contributions at various evolutionary stages of modern biaryl synthesis. Based on in-depth mechanistic analysis and design of novel pathways and reaction conditions, the scope of biaryl synthesis with arenediazonium salts has enormously expanded in recent years through applications of transition metal/photoredox-catalysed cross-coupling, thermal/photosensitized radical chain CH-arylation of (hetero)arenes and arylative radical annulation reactions with alkynes. These recent developments have provided facile synthetic access to a wide variety of unsymmetrical biaryls of pharmaceutical, agrochemical and optoelectronic importance with green scale-up options and created opportunities for late-stage modification of peptides, nucleosides, carbon nanotubes and electrodes, the details of which are captured in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Felpin
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France. and Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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21
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Zhou Y, Deng S, Mai S, Song Q. Cu-Catalyzed Denitrogenative Ring-Opening of 3-Aminoindazoles for the Synthesis of Aromatic Nitrile-Containing (Hetero)Arenes. Org Lett 2018; 20:6161-6165. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhou
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Shuilin Deng
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Shaoyu Mai
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
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22
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Panyam PKR, Sreedharan R, Gandhi T. Synthesis of topologically constrained naphthalimide appended palladium(ii)–N-heterocyclic carbene complexes – insights into additive controlled product selectivity. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:4357-4364. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00616d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pd(ii)–NHC catalyzed regioselective heteroannulation of o-haloanilines and arylethynyl-trimethylsilane to yield indoles and additive controlled switchable product selectivity has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramdas Sreedharan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- VIT University
- Vellore
- India
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23
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Gattu R, Bhattacharjee S, Mahato K, Khan AT. Electronic effect of substituents on anilines favors 1,4-addition totrans-β-nitrostyrenes: access toN-substituted 3-arylindoles and 3-arylindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:3760-3770. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00736e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and an efficient method for the regioselective synthesis ofN-alkyl/aryl/H 3-arylindole derivatives fromN-substituted anilines andtrans-β-nitrostyrenes has been described using 10 mol% of bismuth(iii) triflate as a catalyst in acetonitrile at 80 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishna Gattu
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati 781 039
- India
| | | | - Karuna Mahato
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati 781 039
- India
| | - Abu T. Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati 781 039
- India
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24
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Yamaguchi M, Suzuki K, Sato Y, Manabe K. Palladium-Catalyzed Direct C3-Selective Arylation of N-Unsubstituted Indoles with Aryl Chlorides and Triflates. Org Lett 2017; 19:5388-5391. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Yamaguchi
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kohei Suzuki
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kei Manabe
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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25
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Boubertakh O, Goddard JP. Construction and Functionalization of Heteroarenes by Use of Photoredox Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oualid Boubertakh
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique EA 4566; Université de Haute-Alsace; 3 bis rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse Cedex France
| | - Jean-Philippe Goddard
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique EA 4566; Université de Haute-Alsace; 3 bis rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse Cedex France
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26
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Chen J, Wu J. Transition-Metal-Free C3 Arylation of Indoles with Aryl Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3951-3955. [PMID: 28256786 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report an unprecedented transition metal-free coupling of indoles with aryl halides. The reaction is promoted by KOtBu and is regioselective for C3 over N. The use of degassed solvents devoid of oxygen is necessary for the success of the transformation. Preliminary studies implicate a hybrid mechanism that involves both aryne intermediates and non-propagative radical processes. Electron transfer is also a distinct possibility. These conclusions were substantiated by EPR data, isotopic labeling studies, and the use of radical scavengers and electron transfer inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Jimmy Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
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27
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Chen J, Wu J. Transition-Metal-Free C3 Arylation of Indoles with Aryl Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Dartmouth College; Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Jimmy Wu
- Department of Chemistry; Dartmouth College; Hanover NH 03755 USA
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28
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Huang CY, Kuo CW, Konala A, Yang TH, Lin L, Chen YW, Kavala V, Yao CF. Synthesis of 3-arylindole derivatives from nitroalkane precursors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21144e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
3-Arylindole derivatives were synthesized by Cu(i) catalysed intramolecular Ullmann coupling of 2-bromoarylaminoalkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Taipei
- Republic of China
| | - Chun-Wei Kuo
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Taipei
- Republic of China
| | - Ashok Konala
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Taipei
- Republic of China
| | - Tang-Hao Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Taipei
- Republic of China
| | - Lyu Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Taipei
- Republic of China
| | - Yu-Wen Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Taipei
- Republic of China
| | - Veerababurao Kavala
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Taipei
- Republic of China
| | - Ching-Fa Yao
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Taipei
- Republic of China
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29
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Yadav S, Srivastava M, Rai P, Tripathi BP, Mishra A, Singh J, Singh J. Oxidative organophotoredox catalysis: a regioselective synthesis of 2-nitro substituted imidazopyridines and 3-substituted indoles, initiated by visible light. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02365g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular C–N heterocyclization and C–C bond formation under visible light irradiation at room temperature was accomplished with a metal-free photoredox catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehlata Yadav
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Allahabad
- Allahabad-211002
- India
| | - Madhulika Srivastava
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Allahabad
- Allahabad-211002
- India
| | - Pratibha Rai
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Allahabad
- Allahabad-211002
- India
| | - Bhartendu Pati Tripathi
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Allahabad
- Allahabad-211002
- India
| | - Anu Mishra
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Allahabad
- Allahabad-211002
- India
| | - Jaya Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- LRPG College
- Sahibabad
- India
| | - Jagdamba Singh
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Allahabad
- Allahabad-211002
- India
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