1
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Zhu Y, Jia J, Song X, Gong C, Xia Y. Double strain-release enables formal C-O/C-F and C-N/C-F ring-opening metathesis. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc03624g. [PMID: 39129767 PMCID: PMC11310891 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03624g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Metathesis reactions have been established as a powerful tool in organic synthesis. While great advances were achieved in double-bond metathesis, like olefin metathesis and carbonyl metathesis, single-bond metathesis has received less attention in the past decade. Herein, we describe the first C(sp3)-O/C(sp3)-F bond formal cross metathesis reaction between gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes (gem-DFCPs) and epoxides under rhodium catalysis. The reaction involves the formation of a highly electrophilic fluoroallyl rhodium intermediate, which is capable of reacting with the oxygen atom in epoxides as weak nucleophiles followed by C-F bond reconstruction. The use of two strained ring substrates is the key to the success of the formal cross metathesis, in which the double strain release accounts for the driving force of the transformation. Additionally, azetidine also proves to be a suitable substrate for this transformation. The reaction offers a novel approach for the metathesis of C(sp3)-O and C(sp3)-N bonds, presenting new opportunities for single-bond metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Zhu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Jie Jia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xiangyu Song
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Chunyu Gong
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
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2
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Wu X, Song X, Xia Y. High-Valent Copper Catalysis Enables Regioselective Fluoroarylation of Gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401243. [PMID: 38460153 PMCID: PMC11095216 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Transition-metal (TM) catalyzed reaction of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes (gem-DFCPs) has drawn much attention recently. The reaction generally occurs via the activation of the distal C─C bond in gem-DFCPs by a low-valent TM through oxidative addition, eventually producing mono-fluoro olefins as the coupling products. However, achieving regioselective activation of the proximal C─C bond in gem-DFCPs that overcomes the intrinsic reactivity via TM catalysis remains elusive. Here, a new reaction mode of gem-DFCPs enabled by high-valent copper catalysis, which allows exclusive activation of the congested proximal C─C bond is presented. The reaction that achieves fluoroarylation of gem-DFCPs uses NFSI (N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide) as electrophilic fluoro reagent and arenes as the C─H nucleophiles, enabling the synthesis of diverse CF3-containing scaffolds. It is proposed that a high-valent copper species plays an important role in the regioselective activation of the proximal C─C bond possibly via a σ-bond metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Wu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalWest China‐PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Healthand State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Xiangyu Song
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalWest China‐PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Healthand State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalWest China‐PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Healthand State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
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3
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Zeng Y, Jiang ZT, Xia Y. Selectivity in Rh-catalysis with gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3764-3773. [PMID: 38501197 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00793j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Small-ring chemistry is a fascinating field in organic chemistry. gem-Difluorinated cyclopropanes, a unique class of cyclopropanes, have garnered significant interest due to their intrinsic high reactivity. In this context, gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes have been extensively investigated as fluoroallylic synthons in Pd-catalyzed ring-opening/cross-coupling reactions for the synthesis of monofluoroalkenes with linear or branched selectivity. In contrast, Rh-catalysis has revealed diverse selectivity in the reaction of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes, such as regioselectivity, enantioselectivity, and chemoselectivity. This feature article aims to summarize our efforts towards developing Rh-catalyzed reactions of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes, briefly discussing the design, selectivity, reaction mechanisms and future research prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Zhong-Tao Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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4
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Liu A, Zhang X, Zhao F, Ni C, Hu J. Controllable Fluorocarbon Chain Elongation: TMSCF 2Br-Enabled Trifluorovinylation and Pentafluorocyclopropylation of Aldehydes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1806-1812. [PMID: 38193677 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Controllable fluorocarbon chain elongation (CFCE) is a promising yet underdeveloped strategy for the well-defined synthesis of structurally novel polyfluorinated compounds. Herein, the direct and efficient trifluorovinylation and pentafluorocyclopropylation of aldehydes are described by using TMSCF2Br (TMS = trimethylsilyl) as the sole fluorocarbon source, accomplishing the goals of CFCE from C1 to C2 and from C1 to C3, respectively. The key to the success of these CFCE processes lies in the unique and diversified chemical reactivity of TMSCF2Br, which can serve as two different precursors, namely, a TMSCF2 radical precursor and a difluorocarbene precursor. Various functional groups are amenable to this new synthetic protocol, providing streamlined access to a broad range of alcohols containing trifluorovinyl or pentafluorocyclopropyl moieties from abundantly available aldehydes. The potential utility of these methods is further demonstrated by the gram-scale synthesis, derivatization, and measurement of log P values of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chuanfa Ni
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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5
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Itoh T, Hayase S, Nokami T. Synthesis of Selectively gem-Difluorinated Molecules; Chiral gem-Difluorocyclopropanes via Chemo-Enzymatic Reaction and gem-Difluorinated Compounds via Radical Reaction. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300028. [PMID: 36949016 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of fluorine atoms into an organic compound can alter the chemical reactivity or biological activity of the resulting compound due to the strong electron withdrawing nature of the fluorine atom. We have synthesized many original gem-difluorinated compounds and described the results in four sections. The first section describes the synthesis of optically active-gem-difluorocyclopropanes via the chemo-enzymatic reaction; we applied these compounds to liquid crystalline molecules, then further discovered a potent DNA cleavage activity for the gem-difluorocyclopropane derivatives. The second section describes the synthesis of selectively gem-difluorinated compounds via a radical reaction; we synthesized fluorinated analogues of a sex pheromone of the male African sugarcane borer, Eldana saccharina, and used the compounds as proof for investigating the origin of pheromone molecule recognition on the receptor protein. The third involves the synthesis of 2,2-difluorinated-esters by visible light-driven radical addition of 2,2-difluoroacetate with alkenes or alkynes in the presence of an organic pigment. The last section describes the synthesis of gem-difluorinated compounds via the ring-opening of gem-difluorocyclopropanes. We further developed a novel method of synthesizing gem-difluorohomoallylic alcohols via the ring-opening of gem-difluorocyclopropane and aerobic oxidation by photo-irradiation in the presence of an organic pigment. Since gem-difluorinated compounds that were prepared by the present method have two olefinic moieties with a different reactivity at the terminal position, we accomplished the synthesis of four types of gem-difluorinated cyclic alkenols via the ring-closing-metathesis (RCM) reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Itoh
- Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute, Emeritus Professor of Tottori University, 41-1 Yokomichi, 480-1192, Nagakute city, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hayase
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, 680-8552, Tottori, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, 680-8552, Tottori, Japan
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6
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Wu X, Zeng Y, Jiang ZT, Zhu Y, Xie L, Xia Y. Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Cross-Coupling Reaction of gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes Enabled by C–F Bond Activation. Org Lett 2022; 24:8429-8434. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Wu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yaxin Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yulei Zhu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Linshen Xie
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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7
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Lv L, Qian H, Li Z. Catalytic Diversification of gem‐Difluorocyclopropanes: Recent Advances and Challenges. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leiyang Lv
- Renmin University of China Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | | | - Zhiping Li
- Renmin University of China Chemistry CHINA
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8
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Lv L, Qian H, Ma Y, Huang S, Yan X, Li Z. Ligand-controlled regioselective and chemodivergent defluorinative functionalization of gem-difluorocyclopropanes with simple ketones. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15511-15518. [PMID: 35003579 PMCID: PMC8654029 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05451a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulating the reaction selectivity is highly attractive and pivotal to the rational design of synthetic regimes. The defluorinative functionalization of gem-difluorocyclopropanes constitutes a promising route to construct β-vinyl fluorine scaffolds, whereas chemo- and regioselective access to α-substitution patterns remains a formidable challenge. Presented herein is a robust Pd/NHC ligand synergistic strategy that could enable the C-F bond functionalization with exclusive α-regioselectivity with simple ketones. The key design adopted enolates as π-conjugated ambident nucleophiles that undergo inner-sphere 3,3'-reductive elimination warranted by the sterically hindered-yet-flexible Pd-PEPPSI complex. The excellent branched mono-defluorinative alkylation was achieved with a sterically highly demanding IHept ligand, while subtly less bulky SIPr acted as a bifunctional ligand that not only facilitated α-selective C(sp3)-F cleavage, but also rendered the newly-formed C(sp2)-F bond as the linchpin for subsequent C-O bond formation. These examples represented an unprecedented ligand-controlled regioselective and chemodivergent approach to various mono-fluorinated terminal alkenes and/or furans from the same readily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiyang Lv
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Huijun Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Yangyang Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Shiqing Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
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9
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Milne K, Henry MC, Jamieson C. Synthesis of an allylic gem-difluoromethylene building block via radical-mediated difluorocyclopropane ring opening. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Day DP, Vargas JAM, Burtoloso ACB. Synthetic Routes Towards the Synthesis of Geminal α-Difunctionalized Ketones. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2837-2854. [PMID: 33533538 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The importance of gem-difunctionalized ketones is represented by their broad applications across chemical boundaries over recent years. The interesting reactivities that this class of compounds possess have made them ideal building blocks to access high-value organic molecules. Furthermore, the gem-difunctionalized ketone moiety has featured in numerous bioactive molecules. For these reasons, a plethora of routes to access such significant molecules have been developed by research groups worldwide - this account looks at delineating the synthesis of gem-difunctionalized ketones from carbonyl substrates, diazo compounds, sulfur ylides and alkynyl reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Day
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - Jorge A M Vargas
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brasil.,Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Calle 5 # 62-00 Campus Pampalinda, Santiago de Cali, Colombia
| | - Antonio C B Burtoloso
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
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11
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Adekenova KS, Wyatt PB, Adekenov SM. The preparation and properties of 1,1-difluorocyclopropane derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:245-272. [PMID: 33564335 PMCID: PMC7849233 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the functionalization of organic molecules with fluorine substituents has grown rapidly due to its applications in such fields as medicine, agriculture or materials sciences. The aim of this article is to review the importance of 1,1-difluorocyclopropane derivatives in synthesis. It will examine the role of the fluorine substituents in both ring-forming and ring-opening reactions, as well as methods for obtaining difluorocyclopropanes as single enantiomers. Several examples are provided to highlight the biological importance of this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kymbat S Adekenova
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Peter B Wyatt
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Sergazy M Adekenov
- JSC "International Research and Production Holding "Phytochemistry", Karaganda city, 100009, Republic of Kazakhstan
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12
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Fu Z, Zhu J, Guo S, Lin A. Palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation dearomatization of β-naphthols and indoles with gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1262-1265. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07529a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation dearomatization of β-naphthols and indoles with gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes has been developed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
| | - Jianping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
| | - Songjin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
| | - Aijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
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13
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Liu H, Li Y, Wang DX, Sun MM, Feng C. Visible-Light-Promoted Regioselective 1,3-Fluoroallylation of gem-Difluorocyclopropanes. Org Lett 2020; 22:8681-8686. [PMID: 33112624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A strategically novel protocol for ring-opening functionalization of aryl gem-difluorocyclopropanes (F2CPs), which allows an expedient construction of CF3-containing architectures via visible-light-promoted F-nucleophilic attack manifold, was disclosed. Single electron oxidation of F2CPs was ascribed as the critical step for the success of this transformation by prompting F-nucleophilic attack, as well as the ensuing C-C bond scission. The observed intriguing regioselectivity for fluoroincorporation in this reaction was rationalized by invoking the cation-stabilization property of gem-difluorine substituents and also the thermodynamic gains acquired from forming CF3 functionality. By using cost-effective fluorination reagent and readily available substrates, a broad collection of structurally diversified α-allyl-β-trifluoromethyl ethylbenzene derivatives could be obtained in generally good yields. Further mechanistic investigations proved the engagement of a benzylic radical intermediate in this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Liu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding-Xing Wang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Meng Sun
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Feng
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
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14
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Yamani K, Pierre H, Archambeau A, Meyer C, Cossy J. Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of
gem
‐Difluorocyclopropenyl Esters: Access to Enantioenriched
gem
‐Difluorocyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Yamani
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials ESPCI Paris, PSL University CNRS 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris France
| | - Hugo Pierre
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials ESPCI Paris, PSL University CNRS 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris France
| | - Alexis Archambeau
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials ESPCI Paris, PSL University CNRS 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris France
| | - Christophe Meyer
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials ESPCI Paris, PSL University CNRS 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials ESPCI Paris, PSL University CNRS 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris France
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15
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Yamani K, Pierre H, Archambeau A, Meyer C, Cossy J. Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of gem-Difluorocyclopropenyl Esters: Access to Enantioenriched gem-Difluorocyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18505-18509. [PMID: 32614985 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic enantioselective access to disubstituted functionalized gem-difluorocyclopropanes, which are emerging fluorinated motifs of interest in medicinal chemistry, was achieved through asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of gem-difluorocyclopropenyl esters, catalyzed by a Noyori-Ikariya (p-cymene)-ruthenium(II) complex, with (N-tosyl-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine) as the chiral ligand and isopropanol as the hydrogen donor. The resulting cis-gem-difluorocyclopropyl esters were obtained with moderate to high enantioselectivity (ee=66-99 %), and post-functionalization reactions enable access to valuable building blocks incorporating a cis- or trans-gem-difluorocyclopropyl motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Yamani
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Pierre
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Archambeau
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Meyer
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
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16
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Liu X, Du D, Li S, Wang X, Xu C, Wang M. Defluorinative Ring‐Opening Indolylation of Siloxydifluorocyclopropanes: Controlled Synthesis of α‐Fluoro‐β‐Indolyl‐Propanones for Carbazole Construction. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxu Du
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- First Hospital of Bethune Jilin University Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Xu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Mang Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
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17
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Wang S, Liu X, Zhu D, Wang M. Copper-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Defluorinative Alkylation of Siloxydifluorocyclopropanes: Synthesis of γ-Fluoro-δ-Ketoesters and γ,δ-Diketonitriles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12408-12417. [PMID: 32885655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In view of the importance of both fluorinated synthons and homoenolate equivalents, synthetic application of difluorocyclopropanols is desired but remains challenging due to their thermodynamic instability. Herein, we use siloxydifluorocyclopropanes as difluorocyclopropanol precursors to carry out new Cu-catalyzed ring-opening defluorinative alkylation. With α-bromo carboxylic esters as coupling partners, the reaction affords γ-fluoro-δ-ketoesters via a CuI/CuII catalytic cycle. Interestingly, by the use of α-bromoamides, the ring-opening defluorinative alkylation is followed by an additional intramolecular C-N oxidative coupling to deliver a lactam intermediate, which further undergoes defluorination, hydrolysis, ring opening, and dehydration cascade via a CuI/CuII/CuIII catalytic pathway, leading to γ,δ-diketonitriles as the final products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifang Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Mang Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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18
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Sugiishi T, Matsumura C, Amii H. Synthesis of 3-fluoro-2,5-disubstituted furans through ring expansion of gem-difluorocyclopropyl ketones. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3459-3462. [PMID: 32134424 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02713k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 3-fluoro-2,5-disubstituted furans from gem-difluorocyclopropyl ketones was accomplished using trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF3SO3H) through ring expansion owing to the activation of the carbonyl group in the starting material. The present synthesis of 3-fluorofurans tolerates substrates designed for products with aromatic substituents at the C-2 and C-5 positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyuka Sugiishi
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-Cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
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19
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Ahmed EAMA, Suliman AMY, Gong TJ, Fu Y. Access to Divergent Fluorinated Enynes and Arenes via Palladium-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Alkynylation of gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes. Org Lett 2020; 22:1414-1419. [PMID: 32011150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a palladium-catalyzed alkynylation of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes via C-C bond activation/C-F bond cleavage, followed by C-C(sp) coupling. The new approach proceeds with broad substrate scope under mild reaction conditions, whereas both 1,1-disubstituted and complex-molecule-modified gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes react smoothly with high stereoselectivity. The developed method provides efficient and convenient ways access to diversity of important fluorinated enynes and arenes by slightly modification of the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim-Alkhalil M A Ahmed
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, iChEM , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Ayman M Y Suliman
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, iChEM , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Tian-Jun Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, iChEM , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Yao Fu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, iChEM , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
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20
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Ni J, Nishonov B, Pardaev A, Zhang A. Palladium-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Coupling of gem-Difluorocyclopropanes for the Construction of 2-Fluoroallylic Sulfones. J Org Chem 2019; 84:13646-13654. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Ni
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bekzod Nishonov
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Azizbek Pardaev
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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21
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Ahmed EAMA, Suliman AMY, Gong TJ, Fu Y. Palladium-Catalyzed Stereoselective Defluorination Arylation/Alkenylation/Alkylation of gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes. Org Lett 2019; 21:5645-5649. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim-Alkhalil M. A. Ahmed
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ayman M. Y. Suliman
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Tian-Jun Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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22
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Goto T, Kawasaki-Takasuka T, Yamazaki T. Ring-Opening Functionalization of Simple gem-Difluorocyclopropanes by Single-Electron Oxidants. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9509-9518. [PMID: 31264871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihito Goto
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kawasaki-Takasuka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei 184-8588, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamazaki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei 184-8588, Japan
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23
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Wang J, Ogawa Y, Shibata N. Activation of Saturated Fluorocarbons to Synthesize Spirobiindanes, Monofluoroalkenes, and Indane Derivatives. iScience 2019; 17:132-143. [PMID: 31276957 PMCID: PMC6612000 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorinated organic compounds are produced in abundance by the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry, making such compounds attractive as building blocks for further functionalization. Unfortunately, activation of C(sp3)-F bond in saturated fluorocarbons, especially for aliphatic gem-difluoroalkanes, remains challenging. Here we describe the selective activation of inert C(sp3)-F bonds catalyzed by B(C6F5)3. In hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP), chemically robust aliphatic gem-difluorides are converted in high yields to the corresponding substituted 2,2′,3,3′-tetrahydro-1,1′-spirobiindenes via a B(C6F5)3-catalyzed intramolecular cascade Friedel-Crafts cyclization, not requiring a silicon-based trapping reagent. However, in the absence of a hydrogen-bonding donor solvent such as HFIP, the aliphatic gem-difluorides preferentially engage in a defluorination/elimination process that provides monofluorinated alkenes in good yields. Furthermore, a series of substituted 1-alkyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indenes was obtained in high yield from the B(C6F5)3-catalyzed defluorinative cyclization of aliphatic secondary monofluorides in HFIP. The protocol could inspire development of a new class of main-group Lewis acid-catalyzed C(sp3)-F bond activation in general unactivated fluorocarbons. C(sp3)-F bond activation in general unactivated fluorocarbons The activation of C(sp3)-F bonds in aliphatic gem-difluoroalkanes The selective activation of inert C(sp3)-F bonds catalyzed by B(C6F5)3 An intramolecular cascade defluorinative Friedel-Crafts cyclization
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Wang
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan
| | - Yuta Ogawa
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan; Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Avenue, 321004 Jinhua, China.
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24
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Masuhara Y, Tanaka T, Takenaka H, Hayase S, Nokami T, Itoh T. Synthesis of gem-Difluoromethylene Containing Cycloalkenes via the Ring-Opening Reaction of gem-Difluorocyclopropanes and Subsequent RCM Reaction. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5440-5449. [PMID: 30929443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The radical-type ring-opening reaction of gem-difluorocyclopropanes and subsequent regioselective monoepoxidation of the products were demonstrated. Introduction of a vinyl or allyl group to the epoxide produced the diene derivatives that were subjected to the ring closing metathesis reaction to furnish the gem-difluoromethylene containing cyclopentene, cycloheptene, and cyclooctene derivatives in good to excellent yields.
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25
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Nosik PS, Poturai AS, Pashko MO, Melnykov KP, Ryabukhin SV, Volochnyuk DM, Grygorenko OO. N
-Difluorocyclopropyl-Substituted Pyrazoles: Synthesis and Reactivity. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel S. Nosik
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net); Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Andrii S. Poturai
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net); Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Mykola O. Pashko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net); Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Kostiantyn P. Melnykov
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net); Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Sergey V. Ryabukhin
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Dmitriy M. Volochnyuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net); Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
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26
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27
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Zhao X, Xu S, He J, Zhou Y, Cao S. Highly regio- and diastereoselective Cu-catalyzed hydroborylation and hydrosilylation of difluorocyclopropenes with B2pin2 and PhMe2Si–Bpin. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00580c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of trans-difluorocyclopropyl boronates and silanes through a Cu-catalyzed hydroborylation and hydrosilylation of difluorocyclopropenes was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghu Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST)
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Sixue Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST)
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Jingjing He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST)
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST)
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Song Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST)
- Shanghai 200237
- China
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28
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2017. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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29
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Yang Q, Cabrera PJ, Li X, Sheng M, Wang NX. Safety Evaluation of the Copper-Mediated Cross-Coupling of 2-Bromopyridines with Ethyl Bromodifluoroacetate. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- Process Chemistry, Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Pablo J. Cabrera
- Process Chemistry, Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Process Development, Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Min Sheng
- Reactive Chemicals, Dow AgroSciences, Midland, Michigan 48667, United States
| | - Nick X. Wang
- Discovery Chemistry, Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
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30
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Panferova LI, Struchkova MI, Dilman AD. Light-Promoted Allylation of Iododifluoromethylated Alcohols. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liubov I. Panferova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Leninsky prosp. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Marina I. Struchkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Leninsky prosp. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D. Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Leninsky prosp. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
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31
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Dilman AD, Levin VV. Difluorocarbene as a Building Block for Consecutive Bond-Forming Reactions. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:1272-1280. [PMID: 29664601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Compounds containing a difluoromethylene unit have gained increasing attention due to their utility in drug design. Classic methods for the synthesis of these compounds rely on either harsh deoxofluorination reactions or laborious functional group manipulation sequences. In 2013, we proposed a method for assembling gem-difluorinated molecules from a difluorocarbene, a nucleophile, and an electrophile. In this process, a difluorocarbene can be considered an equivalent of a bipolar CF2 unit. Performing consecutive bond-forming reactions by sequential attachment of a nucleophile and an electrophile to a difluorocarbene provides the opportunity for the synthesis of a wide variety of organofluorine compounds. Silicon reagents were the most effective sources of the difluoromethylene fragment, and among them (bromodifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (Me3SiCF2Br) is the reagent of choice. Mildly basic activators such HMPA, DMPU, bromide and acetate ions can initiate the decomposition of the silane with concomitant generation of a difluorocarbene. Organozinc reagents can be employed as nucleophiles, and the CF2 fragment can insert into the carbon-zinc bond. Primary and secondary benzyl and alkyl organozinc compounds work well. Generally, organozinc reagents tolerate a variety of functional groups. The resulting fluorinated organozinc species can be coupled with heteroatom- or carbon-centered electrophiles. Halogenation of the carbon-zinc bond leads to compounds with bromo- or iododifluoromethyl fragments, which are difficult to access by other means, whereas protonation of that bond generates a valuable difluoromethyl group. Despite the decrease in the reactivity of the carbon-zinc bond caused by the adjacent fluorines, organozinc compounds can effectively participate in copper-catalyzed cross-couplings with allylic and propargyl halides, 1-bromoalkynes, and S-acyl dithiocarbamates. Difluorocarbene can be inserted into the carbon-silicon bond of trimethylsilyl cyanide, and the resulting silane can react with aldehydes and imines to furnish difluorinated nitriles. Interactions of difluorocarbene with heteroatom nucleophiles, such as phosphines or halide ions, are reversible, but the adduct can be trapped by an electrophile. The use of halide ions allows the direct nucleophilic bromo- and iododifluoromethylation of aldehydes and iminium ions. The combination of triphenylphosphine with difluorocarbene generates a difluorinated phosphorus ylide, which can interact with a wide range of π-electrophiles (aldehydes, ketones, acyl chlorides, azomethines, and Michael acceptors) to provide gem-difluorinated phosphonium salts. In the latter species, the carbon-phosphorus bond can be readily cleaved under basic conditions, affording the difluoromethylation products. Primary products resulting from three-component couplings can subsequently be used for further transformations. Single-electron reduction of carbon-phosphorus or carbon-iodine bonds can be conducted under photocatalytic conditions to generate gem-difluorinated radicals. These radicals can be trapped by silyl enol ethers leading to β,β-difluorinated ketones as the primary products. Fluorinated radicals can also undergo intramolecular attacks adjacent to an aromatic ring or a double bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D. Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vitalij V. Levin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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32
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Pd-Catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck Reactions Using Fluorine-Containing Agents as the Cross-Coupling Partners. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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33
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Song X, Xu C, Du D, Zhao Z, Zhu D, Wang M. Ring-Opening Diarylation of Siloxydifluorocyclopropanes by Ag(I) Catalysis: Stereoselective Construction of 2-Fluoroallylic Scaffold. Org Lett 2017; 19:6542-6545. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Song
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Dongxu Du
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ziming Zhao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Mang Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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