CopperII phthalocyanine as an efficient and reusable catalyst for the N-arylation of nitrogen containing heterocycles

Copper-catalyzed N-arylation of indoles

Abstract:

Over the past decades, the N-arylation of indoles has gained an inevitable role in the fields of material science, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemical industries. They are the basic core skeleton of many natural products. Their synthesis by Ullmann-type C–N coupling reaction of indole derivatives with aryl halides through various catalytic protocols is well explored. Transition metal catalysis was the best method for synthesizing 1-aryl indoles, and copper catalysis is the leading among them. This review comprehends the recent developments in the copper-catalyzed C–N cross-coupling of indoles with aryl halides from 2010 to 2022.

Copper-catalyzed N-arylation of pyrroles: an overview

The copper-catalyzed N-arylation of pyrroles has attracted great attention in organic synthesis due to its wide applications in medicinal chemistry, natural products, etc. Here, we summarize the overall advances in the copper-catalyzed C–N cross-coupling of pyrroles with aryl halides.

Cu(i) based catalysts derived from bidentate ligands and studies on the effect of substituents for N-arylation of benzimidazoles and indoles

Four Cu(i) complexes [Cu(L^1–4)(Cl)(PPh₃)] (C1–C4) were synthesized, characterized and crystal structure of C1 was determined. Complexes were utilized as catalysts for N-arylation reaction. Probable mechanism for N-arylation reaction was proposed.