Theoretical study on the reaction mechanism of Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed trifluoroethylation: Role of additive CF3COOH

Fluoroalkylations and Fluoroalkenylations with Iodonium Salts

Synthesis and applications of fluoroalkyl and fluoroalkenyliodonium salts are summarized in this account article, focusing preferably to the reagents designed in our laboratory in the last decade. Among these reagents trifluoroethyl(aryl)iodonium salts have been used most frequently to build carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds in simple nucleophilic substitutions and through transition metal catalyzed coupling reactions. Iodonium salts equipped with unsaturated fluorinated function showed diverse reactivity due to their electron deficient character, and these molecular motifs enable cycloadditions and nucleophilic additions to prepare fluorinated carbo- and heterocyclic molecules. Beyond the overview of existing transformations, with the presented collection, we aim to inspire future developments of iodonium reagents and their application in organic synthesis.

Exploring the necessity of an acidic additive for Pd(ii)-catalyzed exclusive C4-fluoroalkylation of 3-acetylindole: a detailed DFT study on the mechanism and regioselectivity

The regioselectivity of Pd(ii)-catalyzed exclusive C4-fluoroalkylation of 3-acetylindole arises from the transfer of electron density from the substrate to the catalyst.