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Dordas-Perpinyà M, Yánez-Ortiz I, Sergeant N, Mevel V, Catalán J, Bruyas JF, Miró J, Briand-Amirat L. ProAKAP4 as Indicator of Long-Lasting Motility Marker in Post-Thaw Conditions in Stallions. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1264. [PMID: 38731267 PMCID: PMC11083937 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
ProAKAP4, a precursor of AKAP4 (A-kinase anchor protein) found in the flagellum of mammalian and non-mammalian spermatozoa, serves as a structural protein with established correlations to motility parameters across diverse species. This study aimed to determine the proAKAP4 level evolution in thawed stallion semen over a 3 h period, examining its correlation with motility descriptors and mitochondrial membrane potential. Utilizing sixteen ejaculates from four French warmblood stallions, this study involved maintaining thawed samples at 37 °C for 3 h, conducting proAKAP4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), and mitochondrial membrane potential by JC-1 probe and flow cytometry at 0, 1, and 3 h post-thawing. The findings indicate significant positive correlations (p ≤ 0.05) between proAKAP4 levels and sperm total or progressive motility at all time points analyzed. Spermatozoa velocity descriptors (VAP, VCL, VSL) and spermatozoa lateral head displacement (ALH) display positive correlations (p ≤ 0.05) with ProAKAP4 at the 0 h post-thawing. ProAKAP4 concentration exhibits no discernible difference between batches with or without a cryoprotectant. Notably, proAKAP4 consumption remains insignificant within the initial hour after thawing but becomes significant (p ≤ 0.05) between 1 and 3 h post-thawing. In summary, proAKAP4 demonstrates positive correlations with total and progressive motility in stallion semen for up to 3 h after thawing, albeit showing a noticeable decrease starting from the first hour post-thawing, indicating a progressive consumption as a result of spermatozoa motile activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dordas-Perpinyà
- Oniris, Nantes Veterinary College, Cedex 03, 44307 Nantes, France; (M.D.-P.); (V.M.); (J.-F.B.)
- Equine Reproduction Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (I.Y.-O.); (J.C.)
- UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Iván Yánez-Ortiz
- Equine Reproduction Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (I.Y.-O.); (J.C.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, International University of Ecuador, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Nicolas Sergeant
- INSERM, UMRS, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France;
- SPQI, 4bioDx—Breeding Section, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent Mevel
- Oniris, Nantes Veterinary College, Cedex 03, 44307 Nantes, France; (M.D.-P.); (V.M.); (J.-F.B.)
| | - Jaime Catalán
- Equine Reproduction Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (I.Y.-O.); (J.C.)
| | - Jean-François Bruyas
- Oniris, Nantes Veterinary College, Cedex 03, 44307 Nantes, France; (M.D.-P.); (V.M.); (J.-F.B.)
| | - Jordi Miró
- Equine Reproduction Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (I.Y.-O.); (J.C.)
| | - Lamia Briand-Amirat
- Oniris, Nantes Veterinary College, Cedex 03, 44307 Nantes, France; (M.D.-P.); (V.M.); (J.-F.B.)
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2
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The Effect of Different Extenders on the Quality Characteristics of European Red Deer Epididymal Sperm Stored at 5 °C. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192669. [PMID: 36230410 PMCID: PMC9559589 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different extenders on the quality of European red deer epididymal sperm stored at 5 °C. Epididymal spermatozoa were collected post mortem from 10 stags and diluted with three extenders (Bovidyl®, BoviFree®, and BioXcell®) and stored at 5 °C. Sperm motility (TMOT), motility parameters (system CASA), plasma membrane integrity (SYBR-14+/PI−), acrosomal membrane integrity (FITC-PNA−/PI−), mitochondrial activity (JC-1/PI), viability, and apoptotic-like changes (YOPRO/PI) were evaluated. The analyses were conducted on the first and successive days of storage (D1−D7). The applied extender, storage time, and the interactions between these factors significantly (p < 0.001) affected most of the analyzed parameters whose values were highest in sperm samples stored in Bovidyl®, regardless of storage time. In Bovidyl®, BoviFree®, and BioXcell® extenders, TMOT values were estimated at 83%, 63%, and 59%, respectively, on D3. The extenders significantly influenced DNA integrity on D7. The percentage of dead sperm increased from D3. The quality of stored sperm cells was significantly influenced by the extenders’ biochemical composition. BoviFree® and BioXcell® contain glycerol which could contribute to deteriorating the quality of spermatozoa stored at 5 °C. Sperm cells stored in the egg yolk-based extender (Bovidyl®) were characterized by the highest viability and functionality.
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Singh P, Sharma D, Singhal S, Kumar A, Singh AK, Honparkhe M. Sodium dodecyl sulphate, N-octyl β-D glucopyranoside and 4-methoxy phenyl β-D glucopyranoside effect on post-thaw sperm motion and viability traits of Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bulls. Cryobiology 2022; 107:1-12. [PMID: 35850230 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS), N-Octyl β-D Glucopyranoside (NOG), 4-Methoxy Phenyl β-D Glucopyranoside (4-MPG) as ice recrystallization inhibitors were added to Tris Egg Yolk Glycerol (TEYG) semen extender for cryopreservation of semen of buffalo bulls. Post-thaw sperm motion and viability traits were evaluated. Pilot study involved six semen ejaculates (2 ejaculates/bull, from three bulls); second experiment was conducted using twenty seven semen ejaculates (9 ejaculates/bull, from 3 bulls) and in third experiment three semen ejaculates (one bull) were used. Eight concentrations of SDS (2, 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.15, 0.125, 0.0625 and 0.0312%), twelve concentrations of NOG (33, 22, 11, 5.5, 2.5, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.0625, 0.03125 and 0.0156 mM), and, eleven concentrations of 4-MPG (220, 165, 110, 55, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125, 1.56 and 0.78 mM) were supplemented in TEYG semen extender to evaluate the post-thaw sperm motility and viability traits. Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) was used to measure the kinetic and functional parameters for sperm motion traits, Hypo Osmotic Swelling Test (HOST) for sperm plasma membrane integrity, Eosin Nigrosin staining for viability and Rose Bengal staining for sperm abnormalities for all the experiments except for pilot study where only Total Motility (TM) and Rapid Progressive Motility (RP) were evaluated. Three freezing protocols; i) Normal P24 (freezing rate of -30 °C min-1 from 4 °C to -15 °C; -40 °C min-1 from -15 °C to -60 °C; and -50 °C min-1 from -60 °C to -140 °C; and then plunged in liquid Nitrogen at -196 °C); ii) Moderate P25 (freezing rate of -30 °C min-1 from 4 °C to -15 °C; -50 °C min-1 from -15 °C to -60 °C; and -50 °C min-1 from -60 °C to -140 °C; and then plunged in liquid Nitrogen at -196 °C); and iii) Rapid P26 (freezing rate of -30 °C min-1 from 4 °C to -15 °C; -60 °C min-1 from -15 °C to -60 °C; and -50 °C min-1 from -60 °C to -140 °C; and then plunged in liquid Nitrogen at -196 °C) were evaluated using SDS 0.125% in TEYG semen extender. SDS ≤0.125%, NOG ≤0.0625 mM and 4-MPG ≤ 3.125 mM in TEYG buffalo semen extender improved significantly (p < .05) the kinetic and functional parameters as compared to the other Ice Recrystallization Inhibitors (IRIs) concentrations used for cryopreservation of buffalo bull semen in the pilot study. SDS 0.125% supplementation was the best IRI among all which resulted in improved kinetic and functional parameters of bull semen in second experiment. Conclusion was drawn that buffalo bull semen cryopreservation using sodium dodecyl sulphate, 0.125% as IRI in TEYG semen extender along with freezing protocol P 25 revealed optimum kinetic and functional parameters for post-thaw spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prahlad Singh
- Department of Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India.
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Sumit Singhal
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Ajeet Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Singh
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Mrigank Honparkhe
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
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Navanukraw P, Lugo-Roman LA, Im-Erbsin R, Suwimonteerabutr J, Chotimanukul S, Chatdarong K. Equex STM paste improves post-thawed epididymal sperm motility and acrosome integrity in rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:802-805. [PMID: 35318724 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Equex STM paste, a water-soluble detergent, exerts the protective effect of egg-yolk during sperm cryopreservation. This study aims to evaluate the post-thaw quality of rhesus monkeys' epididymal spermatozoa in the Tris-citric-glucose egg-yolk extender, supplemented with or without Equex STM paste (0.5%, v/v) (n = 6). Sperm motility, progressive motility, motion characteristics, viability, acrosome integrity and mitochondrial activity were compared immediately post-thaw. Equex STM paste supplementation significantly improved sperm motility (35.0 ± 4.5 vs. 23.7 ± 5.0%), progressive motility (15.4 ± 2.1 vs. 9.8 ± 2.7%) and percentage of sperm with intact acrosome (30.4 ± 4.5 vs. 26.3 ± 4.6%) compared to the controls, respectively. This is the first report applying Equex STM paste for monkey epididymal sperm cryopreservation and is expected to be beneficial as a model for endangered non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakpoom Navanukraw
- Research Unit of Obstetrics and Reproduction in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Luis A Lugo-Roman
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rawiwan Im-Erbsin
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Junpen Suwimonteerabutr
- Research Unit of Obstetrics and Reproduction in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sroisuda Chotimanukul
- Research Unit of Obstetrics and Reproduction in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kaywalee Chatdarong
- Research Unit of Obstetrics and Reproduction in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Alvarez MCL, Rola LD, Duarte JMB. Comparison Between Three Cryoprotectants in the Freezing of Mazama americana Semen Collected by Artificial Vagina. Biopreserv Biobank 2020; 18:351-357. [PMID: 32609002 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2020.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining genetic variability is an important part of the conservation of endangered species, so the construction of germplasm banks is essential. Several species of the genus Mazama endure constant pressure in their natural habitat and are threatened with extinction. The correct manipulation and adequacy of the diluents and cryoprotectants must be studied to be successful in the formation of these banks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of three different cryoprotectants in sperm cryopreservation in the species Mazama americana: 6% glycerol (GLY), 3% ethylene glycol (ETG), and 5% dimethylformamide (DMF). Semen was obtained with the lateral deviation of the penis to an artificial vagina. In the pre-freeze and post-thaw periods, motility, vigor, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and sperm cell morphology were evaluated for each of the cryoprotectants. Post-thaw motility was higher when semen was frozen with cryoprotectants GLY and DMF (55.31 ± 7.39 and 55.94 ± 2.77, respectively), compared with the result obtained for ETG (48.13 ± 2.39). For major defects (MaD), a difference was observed between the pre- and post-cryopreservation periods, such that DMF generated a higher number of post-thaw MaD (25.94 ± 5.37). All cryoprotectants were efficient for cryopreservation of M. americana semen, resulting in samples with satisfactory viability after thawing. However, the medium with the cryoprotectants GLY, at a concentration of 6%, and DMF, at a concentration of 5%, were preferable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C L Alvarez
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Luciana D Rola
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil.,Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias-Campus II, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Brazil
| | - José M B Duarte
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil
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6
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Dziekońska A, Niedźwiecka E, Niklewska ME, Koziorowska-Gilun M, Kordan W. Viability longevity and quality of epididymal sperm stored in the liquid state of European red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus). Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 213:106269. [PMID: 31987322 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate viability longevity and quality of liquid-stored epididymal sperm of European red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus). Sperm samples were recovered from epididymides of 15 mature stags. Samples were diluted to 100 × 106 sperm⁄mL in modified Salomon's extender and stored at 5 °C for 25 days. Sperm were analyzed to determine total motility (TMOT), progressive motility (PMOT) and motion variables [CASA system], acrosomes with normal apical ridges (NAR), viability and acrosomal status (FITC-PNA/PI), plasma membrane integrity (PMI) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) on the first day (D1) and every other day of storage (D3-D25). Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Spermatozoa remained motile until D25, whereas TMOT exceeded 60%, NAR and PMI exceeded 80%, FITC-PNA/PI exceeded 75%, and MMP approximated 70% until D11. There was a lesser (P < 0.05) value for these variables on D5 (relative to D1). Furthermore, there was a decrease in values for motility variables as duration of storage increased, excluding amplitude of lateral head displacement, on D3. The results indicate that liquid-stored epididymal sperm of European red deer are characterized as having a long viability (25 days) with a retention of sperm quality for as long as 11 days in the liquid storage state. In vitro or in vivo studies, however, are required to confirm the findings in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dziekońska
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Niedźwiecka
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Magdalena Ewa Niklewska
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Magdalena Koziorowska-Gilun
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Władysław Kordan
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
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Charlton SJ, Nielsen MB, Pedersen CR, Thomsen L, Kristjansen MP, Sørensen TB, Pertoldi C, Strand J. Strong Heterogeneity in Advances in Cryopreservation Techniques in the Mammalian Orders. Zoolog Sci 2019; 35:1-22. [PMID: 29417894 DOI: 10.2108/zs170037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Between 1970 and 2012, vertebrate abundance has declined by 58% with an average annual decline of 2%, calling for serious action to prevent a mass extinction and an irreversible loss of biodiversity. Cryobanks and cryopreservation have the potential to assist and improve ex situ and in situ conservation strategies by storing valuable genetic material. A great deal of studies concerning cryopreservation have been performed within the class Mammalia, although no systematic overview has previously been presented. The objective of this study is therefore to evaluate the status, pattern and future of cryopreservation within Mammalia. A strong disproportional distribution of studies in examined orders is displayed. For the majority of examined orders less than 10% of species has been examined. However, the cryopreservation of germplasm has in several cases been successful and resulted in successful applications of assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs). Various obstacles are associated with the development of cryopreservation protocols, and among them the most prominent is interspecific differences in cryotolerance. Extrapolation of protocols in closely related species is considered the most applicable procedure, and a future supplement to overcome this problem is the examination and comparison of cryobiological traits. Successful protocols have been developed for the vast majority of domesticated mammals, which gives incentive for the further extrapolation of protocols in threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J Charlton
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B Nielsen
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Carina R Pedersen
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lisette Thomsen
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mads P Kristjansen
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas B Sørensen
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Cino Pertoldi
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.,2 Aalborg Zoo, Aalborg, Mølleparkvej 63, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Julie Strand
- 3 Randers Regnskov, Randers, Tørvebryggen 11, 8900 Randers, Denmark
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Monaco D, Zappia E, Apichaya S, Lacalandra GM, Thongtip N. Post-thawing effects of three cryopreservation diluents on Rusa deer (Rusa timorensis) spermatozoa. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 54:635-638. [PMID: 30472765 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate home-made and commercial extenders for the cryopreservation of Rusa deer semen. After collection by electroejaculation, six ejaculates were diluted and frozen in TES-based, Tris-based and Triladyl® extenders. Subjective motility, viability, morphology, acrosome integrity and membrane functionality were assessed post-thawing and after 1-hr incubation at 37°C (Thermal stress test). Total and progressive motility, and kinematic parameters were also assessed through CASA system. Post-thawing sperm progressive motility (PM), velocity according to the straight path (VSL) and linearity (LIN) showed significant differences, and higher values were detected for spermatozoa diluted with Triladyl® and TES (p < 0.05) as compared with Tris (PM of Triladyl® 14.7% vs. 3.2% TES and 2.5% Tris; VSL 56 for Triladyl® , 59.2 for TES and 41.7 for Tris; LIN 45.6 for Triladyl® , 52 for TES and 36.5 for Tris). Triladyl® and TES extender led to better post-thawing sperm parameters, but these preliminary results need to be verified through artificial insemination trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Monaco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (Di.Me.V.), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Eduardo Zappia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (Di.Me.V.), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Science, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sudsukh Apichaya
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology, Science and Technology Postgraduate Education and Research Department Commission on Higher Education, Ministry of Education (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Giovanni M Lacalandra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (Di.Me.V.), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Nikorn Thongtip
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Science, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology, Science and Technology Postgraduate Education and Research Department Commission on Higher Education, Ministry of Education (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok, Thailand
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9
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Bateman HL, Swanson WF. Interaction of extender composition and freezing method for effective semen cryopreservation in the North American river otter ( Lontra canadensis ). Theriogenology 2017; 101:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fitri WN, Wahid H, Rosnina Y, Jesse FFA, Aimi-Sarah ZA, Mohd-Azmi ML, Azlan CA, Azrolharith MR, Peter ID, Ali Baiee FH. Semen characteristics, extension, and cryopreservation of Rusa deer ( Rusa timorensis). Vet World 2017; 10:779-785. [PMID: 28831222 PMCID: PMC5553147 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.779-785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The objective of this research is to report parameters for breeding soundness evaluation, semen extension, and cryopreservation in Rusa timorensis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven healthy stags were chosen for semen collection using an electroejaculator. The collections were performed twice in a breeding season between February and June 2016. Samples were collected between 2 and 3 weeks interval, collected twice for each animal. Semen was evaluated, extended, and cryopreserved using four different extenders; Andromed®, BioXcell®, Triladyl®, and a modified Tris-egg yolk combined with Eurycoma longifolia Jack. RESULTS R. timorensis semen characteristics according to volume (ml), color, sperm concentration (106/ml), general motility (%), progressive motility (%), and % morphology of normal spermatozoa are 0.86±0.18 ml, thin milky to milky, 1194.2±346.1 106/ml, 82.9±2.8%, 76.1±4.8%, and 83.9±4.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION Semen characteristics of R. timorensis collected by electroejaculation is good allowing for cryopreservation and future artificial insemination work. The most suitable extender for Rusa deer semen is Andromed®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Nor Fitri
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Haron Wahid
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Research Centre for Wildlife, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yusoff Rosnina
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Research Centre for Ruminant Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zainal Abidin Aimi-Sarah
- Food Science and Technology Program School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Lila Mohd-Azmi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Che' Amat Azlan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Rashid Azrolharith
- Department of Medicine & Surgery of Farm & Exotic Animal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Innocent Damudu Peter
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Falah Hasan Ali Baiee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Panyaboriban S, Singh RP, Songsasen N, Padilla L, Brown J, Reed D, Techakumphu M, Pukazhenthi B. Reproductive seasonality and sperm cryopreservation in the male tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus). Theriogenology 2016; 86:914-923. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Cryopreservation of captive roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) semen. Theriogenology 2016; 86:695-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Pukazhenthi BS. Saving wild ungulate diversity through enhanced management and sperm cryopreservation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2016; 28:RD15412. [PMID: 27246462 DOI: 10.1071/rd15412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild ungulates throughout the world face the impending risk of extinction. Small founding population size, lack of interest in exhibiting wild ungulates and declining space in zoos are not sustaining ex situ populations. Animals managed in ex situ collections continue to experience >20% neonate loss globally. To ensure population sustainability there is a critical need to: (1) manage ungulates in large herds, increasing mate choice and reproductive efficiency; (2) improve husbandry and genetic management; and (3) develop consistent assisted reproductive technologies, including sperm cryopreservation and AI. Recently, new models in the management of ungulates have begun to emerge. Animal managers and researchers are also beginning to exploit advances in genomics to improve genetic management of their collections. Furthermore, the past decade has witnessed significant advances particularly in semen collection and cryopreservation in numerous species. Advances in gonadal tissue cryopreservation now offer additional opportunities to preserve male genomes. The new knowledge generated is enabling the creation of genetic (sperm) banks to rescue and enhance reproductive management of wild ungulates. The present paper reviews the threats to ungulate populations, the status and relevance of animal management and biomaterial banking efforts to ensure long-term survival of these charismatic species.
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Vongpralub T, Chinchiyanond W, Hongkuntod P, Sanchaisuriya P, Liangpaiboon S, Thongprayoon A, Somphol N. Cryopreservation of Sambar deer semen in Thailand. Zoo Biol 2015; 34:335-44. [PMID: 25913733 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Little is known of the different freezing and thawing techniques for post-thaw survival of spermatozoa in Sambar deer. So, this study determined the effect of seminal plasma, egg yolk and glycerol extenders and their concentrations, plus cooling, freezing, and thawing protocols on the post-thaw quality of their semen. Semen samples were collected by electro-ejaculation from four Thai Sambar deer stags (Cervus unicolor equinus). As evaluated by post-thaw progressive motility and acrosome integrity removal of seminal plasma was beneficial; Tris-egg yolk was the most efficient extender; a 20% egg yolk concentration was better than the 0%, 10%, or 30%; and a 3% glycerol concentration was better than 5%, 7%, or 9%. Using the optimum dilution techniques, semen was loaded in 0.5 ml plastic straws. Cooling times from ambient temperature to 5°C in 3 hr resulted in higher post-thaw progressive motility and acrosome integrity than 1, 2, or 4 hr. Suspending the straws 4 cm above the surface for 15 min before plunging into liquid nitrogen was better than suspending at 2 or 6 cm. For thawing frozen semen, an intermediate thawing (50°C, 8 sec) protocol was more effective than the slower (37°C, 10 sec) or faster (70°C, 5 sec) thawing rates. Timed insemination following estrus synchronization of 10 hinds resulted in six confirmed pregnancies at 60 days. Five hinds delivered live fawns. This study provides an effective approach for semen cryopreservation and artificial insemination (AI), which should be valuable to scientists for genetics and reproductive management of Sambar deer in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thevin Vongpralub
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wittaya Chinchiyanond
- Wildlife Conservation Bureau, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornchai Hongkuntod
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pitcharat Sanchaisuriya
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sanan Liangpaiboon
- Wildlife Conservation Bureau, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Areeya Thongprayoon
- Wildlife Conservation Bureau, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Noppadon Somphol
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Chacur M, Martins E, Silva A, Guaberto L, Gabriel Filho L, Sanches O, Oba E. Morfometria corpórea, características do sêmen, proteínas seminais e testosterona em cervos Cervus unicolor, em cativeiro. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-6977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivou-se estudar a morfometria corpórea, as características do sêmen, o perfil proteico do plasma seminal em SDS-PAGE e a concentração sérica de testosterona em cervos-sambar (Cervus unicolor), criados em cativeiro, na estação reprodutiva da primavera. Quatro machos com idades entre 12 e 36 meses foram avaliados em quatro momentos, com intervalos de sete dias, com peso corpóreo (60,5 a 89,0kg), índice de massa corporal (93,07kg/m2 a 126,56kg/m2), volume do ejaculado (0,50±0,35mL a 0,75±0,28mL), motilidade espermática (87,75±4,78% a 90,00±7,07%), defeitos totais (17,25±5,81% a 47,72±17,55%), testosterona sérica (6,43±4,33ng/dL a 166,00±64,48ng/dL) e proteínas do plasma seminal com bandas entre 7,6 e 142kDa. As características dos ejaculados não diferiram (P>0,05) entre as três primeiras colheitas. Houve diferença (P<0,05) para os defeitos espermáticos com elevação na quarta colheita. No plasma seminal de cada cervo, foram identificadas de 16 a 27 bandas de proteínas entre 7,6 e 142kDa. Conclui-se que a qualidade espermática foi satisfatória na primavera. O estresse das contenções sucessivas causou queda da qualidade espermática. A idade influi na concentração sérica de testosterona, a qual foi maior nos cervos aos 36 meses.
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Fernández S, Sestelo A, Rivolta M, Córdoba M. Capacitation and Acrosome Reaction Induction on Thawed Dama damaDeer Spermatozoa: Glycine Effect as Cryopreservation Diluent Supplement. Zoolog Sci 2013; 30:1110-6. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.30.1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Rola LD, Zanetti EDS, Duarte JMB. Evaluation of semen characteristics of the species Mazama americana in captivity. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/an12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years the concept of genomic resource banks has grown as a way of maintaining the genetic variability of populations, while the quality of cryopreservation of the gametes determines the effectiveness of such banks. However, the absence of basic knowledge regarding the physiology of species and their semen characteristics hampers the establishment of reproductive biotechnologies. Thus, this paper aimed to determine certain physicochemical (volume, colour, appearance, pH and osmolarity) and microscopic characteristics (mass movement, motility, vigour, concentration, and sperm morphology and morphometry) of semen of the species Mazama americana. To achieve this, five males of the species were used, and three semen samples per buck (electroejaculation) were collected at intervals of 2 weeks. The volume, pH and osmolarity of the ejaculate were 0.39 ± 0.14 mL, 6.90 ± 0.74 and 297.74 ± 19.10 mOsm/kg, respectively, while the values obtained for mass movement, motility, vigour and concentration were 3.33 ± 0.82; 69.6 ± 8.92%; 3.53 ± 0.50, and 244.07 ± 98.65 × 107/mL, respectively. Regarding the colour of the ejaculate, five samples were classified as ivory, two as yellowish, two as whitish and six as white. Regarding appearance, seven samples were considered creamy and eight, milky. Morphology was analysed in a humid chamber under phase contrast microscopy and 73.50 ± 5.57% of cells presented normal morphology, 8.37 ± 3.15% presented major defects and 18.13 ± 6.46% presented minor defects. To determine sperm morphometry, an optical microscope (Leica DM 5000B) and the Leica Qwin image analyser program were used, resulting in 8.09 ± 0.40, 4.65 ± 0.30, 2.81 ± 0.44 and 30.25 ± 3.02 μm for length, largest width, smallest width and area, respectively.
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CRYOPRESERVATION OF RED BROCKET DEER SEMEN ( MAZAMA AMERICANA): COMPARISON BETWEEN THREE EXTENDERS. J Zoo Wildl Med 2012; 43:820-7. [DOI: 10.1638/2011-0195r1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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21
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Álvarez M, Tamayo-Canul J, Martínez-Rodríguez C, López-Urueña E, Gomes-Alves S, Anel L, Martínez-Pastor F, de Paz P. Specificity of the extender used for freezing ram sperm depends of the spermatozoa source (ejaculate, electroejaculate or epididymis). Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 132:145-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Wu TW, Cheng FP, Chen IH, Yang CH, Tsai MY, Chang MH, Wang JH, Wu JT. The Combinatorial Effect of Different Equex STM Paste Concentrations, Cryoprotectants and the Straw-Freezing Methods on the Post-Thaw Boar Semen Quality. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 48:53-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Anel L, Gomes-Alves S, Alvarez M, Borragan S, Anel E, Nicolas M, Martinez-Pastor F, de Paz P. Effect of basic factors of extender composition on post-thawing quality of brown bear electroejaculated spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2010; 74:643-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Quality and fertilizing ability of electroejaculated cat spermatozoa frozen with or without Equex STM Paste. Theriogenology 2010; 73:886-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Underwood SL, Bathgate R, Maxwell WMC, Evans G. Development of Procedures for Sex-sorting Frozen-Thawed Bovine Spermatozoa. Reprod Domest Anim 2009; 44:460-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Martínez-Pastor F, Martínez F, Alvarez M, Maroto-Morales A, García-Alvarez O, Soler AJ, Garde JJ, de Paz P, Anel L. Cryopreservation of Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) spermatozoa obtained by electroejaculation. Theriogenology 2009; 71:628-38. [PMID: 18976805 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Revised: 09/13/2008] [Accepted: 09/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We tested extenders and freezing protocols for Iberian red deer semen. Samples were obtained by electroejaculation (10 stags), and analyzed for motility (CASA), viability (propidium ioide), acrosomal (PNA-FITC) and mitochondrial status (JC-1). Samples were diluted 1+1 in extender, cooled and adjusted for glycerol (extender with higher glycerol concentration), brought to 160 x 10(6)mL(-1) and frozen. Four experiments were carried out, repeating sperm analysis after thawing to compare treatments. In a first experiment, seven samples were frozen using Triladyl (20% egg yolk) and UL extender (Tes-Tris-fructose, 15% egg yolk, 4% glycerol). Triladyl yielded higher motility after thawing. In a second trial, 17 samples were frozen using Triladyl, Andromed, Bioxcell, and UL with 8% LDL (low-density lipoproteins). Triladyl, and Andromed performed better than Bioxcell on motility, and than UL-LDL on viability and acrosomal status. In a third experiment, the performance of freezing the sperm-rich ejaculate fraction versus the whole ejaculate was tested on nine samples. The sperm-rich ejaculate fraction not only rendered more motile and viable spermatozoa but also showed higher freezability (higher motile spermatozoa recovery). In a fourth experiment, we tried three modifications of the freezing protocol, for improving the freezability of low concentration samples: prior removal of seminal plasma; replacing extender (second fraction) for pure glycerol to reduce dilution; and performing only the 1+1 dilution, not the second dilution. No differences were found, although only three samples could be used. Both Triladyl and Andromed were deemed appropriate for freezing Iberian red deer semen, and the rich fraction should be selected for freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Martínez-Pastor
- Biology of Reproduction Group, National Wildlife Research Institute (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, and Institute for Regional Development (IDR), 02071 Albacete, Spain.
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28
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Effect of egg yolk, cryoprotectant, and various sugars on semen cryopreservation in endangered Cuvier's gazelle (Gazella cuvieri). Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 108:384-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Revised: 09/23/2007] [Accepted: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Ponglowhapan S, Chatdarong K. Effects of Equex STM Paste on the quality of frozen-thawed epididymal dog spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2008; 69:666-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Umapathy G, Sontakke SD, Reddy A, Shivaji S. Seasonal variations in semen characteristics, semen cryopreservation, estrus synchronization, and successful artificial insemination in the spotted deer (Axis axis). Theriogenology 2007; 67:1371-8. [PMID: 17383719 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 01/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ten adult male spotted deer were monitored over a 2-year interval to determine seasonal variations in testicular size, semen characteristics and serum testosterone concentrations, and to determine if there was an association between season and type of antler. Mean (+/-S.E.M.) testicular volume (118.8+/-4.6 cm(3)), serum testosterone concentration (1.2+/-0.1 ng/mL), semen volume (4.1+/-0.6 mL), sperm concentration (338.3+/-24.9 x 10(6) mL(-1)), percentage of morphologically normal sperm (79.1+/-2.8%), and percentage of motile sperm (66.5+/-1.5%) were higher (P<0.05) in hard antler deer (peaked from March to May) than in deer with velvet antlers or in deer in which the antler has been shed. Thus, March-May was considered the physiologic breeding season for these deer; at this time, all stags had hard antlers. Furthermore, a Tris-citrate-based semen extender containing 4% glycerol and 20% egg-yolk was adequate for cryopreservation of semen. Estrus was induced with an implant containing norgestomet, timed transcervical AI was done with fresh semen, and 3 of 10 females were pregnant at 60 days, with fawns born 120 (premature), 240 and 243 days after AI. These results were considered a model for the use of assisted reproductive techniques to conserve other critically endangered deer species of India.
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31
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Fernández-Santos MR, Esteso MC, Montoro V, Soler AJ, Garde JJ. Cryopreservation of Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) epididymal spermatozoa: Effects of egg yolk, glycerol and cooling rate. Theriogenology 2006; 66:1931-42. [PMID: 16759687 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2006] [Revised: 04/27/2006] [Accepted: 05/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of egg yolk (EY), glycerol, and cooling rate on the cryosurvival of red deer epididymal spermatozoa. The aim of Experiment 1 was to examine the effects of two EY types (clarified EY, CE, prepared by centrifugation, and whole EY, WE), and four EY concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 20%) on cryosurvival of red deer epididymal spermatozoa. Sperm samples were diluted to a final sperm concentration of approximately 200 x 10(6)spermatozoa/ml with a Tris-citrate-fructose-EY extender (TCF) prior to freezing. Sperm cryosurvival was judged in vitro by microscopic assessments of individual sperm motility, viability and of plasma membrane (by means of the HOS test) and acrosome (NAR) integrities. Cryopreservation of red deer epididymal spermatozoa frozen in a clarified EY extender, and with a 20% EY resulted in more vigorous post-thaw and post-incubation motilities (P<0.0001). Moreover, our results showed that regardless of the egg yolk concentration tested, the best sperm quality was obtained with the use of CE. Therefore, the objective of Experiment 2 was to explore the post-thaw effects of four clarified egg yolk concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 20%), two final glycerol concentrations (3 and 6%), and two cooling rates from 22 to 5 degrees C (slow: 0.23 degrees C/min; rapid: 4.2 degrees C/min) on red deer epididymal spermatozoa. At thawing, the effects of CE and glycerol concentrations, and cooling rate, all independently affected post-thaw sperm quality, while there were no effects of interactions on post-thawing sperm quality. Therefore, we studied each variable separately. Differences (P<0.05) for most of the semen parameters evaluated were found between the two final glycerol concentrations tested, with the high values after thawing found with the use of 6% glycerol (58.8+/-1.4 versus 46.2+/-1.4, for sperm motility). Moreover, the cooling rate did not have an effect on the semen characteristics, except for NAR (P<0.05), with the high values after thawing found with the use of the rapid protocol (64.5+/-1.4 versus 59.9+/-1.4). In conclusion, the use of 20% CE and 6% glycerol in combination with a rapid cooling rate, significantly improved red deer epididymal spermatozoa freezability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Fernández-Santos
- Grupo de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), UCLM-CSIC-JCCM, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain
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Martínez-Pastor F, Martínez F, García-Macías V, Esteso MC, Anel E, Fernández-Santos MR, Soler AJ, de Paz P, Garde J, Anel L. A pilot study on post-thawing quality of Iberian red deer spermatozoa (epididymal and electroejaculated) depending on glycerol concentration and extender osmolality. Theriogenology 2006; 66:1165-72. [PMID: 16620925 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2005] [Revised: 03/15/2006] [Accepted: 03/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The optimization of cryopreservation extenders is a fundamental issue for adequately performing germplasm banking on wild species. We have tested two glycerol concentrations (4 and 8%), and three extender osmolalities (320, 380 and 430 mOsm/kg; before adding cryoprotectants), for cryopreservation of epididymal and ejaculated sperm samples from Iberian red deer. All the extenders were based on Tes-Tris and fructose (for osmolality adjustment), and complemented with 20% egg yolk. Epididymal and ejaculated sperm samples were obtained from the cauda epididymis (post-mortem) and using electroejaculation, respectively. Samples were diluted 1:1 with each extender and equilibrated for 2 h at 5 degrees C. Then, they were diluted down to 100x10(6) sperm/mL and frozen at -20 degrees C/min. Post-thawed samples were assessed for motility (CASA), HOS test, proportion of swollen (osmotically challenged) cells in the untreated sample, viability and acrosomal status. For epididymal samples, 8% glycerol rendered a slightly higher proportion of intact acrosomes on viable spermatozoa than 4%; regarding extender osmolality, 380 and 430 mOsm/kg rendered higher motility results, and the 430 mOsm/kg yielded the lowest proportion of swollen spermatozoa. For ejaculated samples, 4% glycerol yielded more viable spermatozoa than 8%; for extender osmolality, 320 mOsm/kg rendered the highest percentages of progressively motile and viable spermatozoa, although 380 mOsm/kg extender was not significantly different. These results show that sample source influences extender suitability, and that extenders should be isoosmotic or rather slightly hyperosmotic. Future studies should test multiple glycerol concentrations and extender osmolalities in order to adjust them to these kinds of sample.
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Zomborszky Z, Nagy S, Nánássy L, Szabari M, Bodó S. Experiences in deer sperm cryopreservation under practical conditions—A pilot study. Anim Reprod Sci 2005; 90:185-90. [PMID: 16257607 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2004] [Revised: 12/22/2004] [Accepted: 01/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The genetic potential of the red and fallow deer populations in Hungary is well known. Conserving the variability in this excellent genetic material for game preservation is one of our most important task. The aim of the present pilot study was to test the logistical steps of a sperm processing and storing system in which deer sperm can be stored at a level that meets quality standards accepted for domestic animals. Moreover, two different semen extenders, commercially used for freezing bull semen, were compared from the viewpoint of applicability to freeze fallow deer sperm. Sperm was collected from epididymes of eight red stags (Cervus elaphus hippelaphus) and six fallow bucks (Dama dama) during the rutting season. Red deer samples were washed in Triladyl extender, while fallow deer samples were split and processed in Triladyl or Bioxcell extender. In the samples, which had a shorter time interval between the death of the animal and the sperm collection, the percentage of viable spermatozoa with intact acrosome was typically higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Zomborszky
- University of Kaposvár, Faculty of Animal Sciences H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary.
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