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Palomino J, De Los Reyes M. Flow cytometric evaluation of canine follicular cell apoptosis during the oestrous cycle. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 57:165-172. [PMID: 34738262 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is the cellular mechanism of ovarian follicular atresia in mammals; the aim of this study was to examine the apoptosis-related cyclic changes in follicular cells of different-sized antral follicles throughout the oestrous cycle in canines. Ovaries were collected from 26 adult female dogs (1-4 years) following routine ovariohysterectomy. Antral follicles were classified as small, medium or large antral or preovulatory. The percentage of apoptotic cells was determined flow cytometrically using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) DNA nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay. Apoptosis rate was quantified as the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells on a logarithmic scale. Percentages of TUNEL-positive cells obtained in the flow cytometric assay were compared among oestrous phases and follicular sizes using analysis of variance. Apoptotic follicles were observed in all types of canine follicles in different cycle phases and stages of development, possibly corresponding to the physiological process of the oestrous cycle. Both the oestrous phase and follicular size significantly influenced the apoptosis rate (p < .05). Apoptosis rate increased significantly (p < .05) as follicular development progressed. Apoptosis rate was the highest in large follicles during the oestrous phase (9.2%; p < .05) and the lowest in small follicles during the anestrus period (1.8%; p < .05). In conclusion, our results demonstrate significant differences in the apoptosis rate during the oestrous cycle related to follicle development in the canine ovary. Furthermore, flow cytometry using the TUNEL assay was found to be an effective method for detecting apoptosis in canine follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Palomino
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Bernardo O'Higgins University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Monica De Los Reyes
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Musanejad E, Haghpanah T, Mirzaie V, Ezzatabadipour M. Effects of ethanol and nicotine co-administration on follicular atresia and placental histo-morphology in the first-generation mice pups during intrauterine development and lactation periods. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:793-803. [PMID: 33850734 PMCID: PMC8038947 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is evaluating the effects of ethanol and nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation on placenta histology and follicular atresia in the first-generation (f1) mice pups. The experimental groups were 5 groups of NMRI pregnant mice, including: control, vehicle (received normal saline) ethanol (3 g/kg/day, 20 % v/v intraperitoneally), nicotine (1 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously), and ethanol plus nicotine which received both. Pregnant animals in each group were then divided into two groups, one group for examining the placenta that was treated for 18 days and the other group for the ovary of one-day-old (PND1) and fifty-six-day-old (PND56) female offspring who were treated for 42 days (during intrauterine development and lactation). After the autopsy procedure, histopathological and morphometrical observations were done. Data revealed that the exposed mice had a significant change in the placenta morphometry and histology as well as a marked increase in the number of ovarian TUNEL positive cells on postnatal days 1 and 56. Therefore, maternal exposure to alcohol and nicotine during developmental and lactation periods could lead to changes in the placenta properties as well as an increase in the apoptotic ovarian follicles in f1 mice pups.
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Key Words
- AMH, Anti-Müllerian hormone
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- BAX, BCL2 Associated X
- BMP, Bone morphogenetic protein
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- CTL, control
- Ca2+, calcium
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid
- E2, Estradiol
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- EtOH, ethanol
- Ethanol
- FSH, Follicle-stimulating hormone
- First-generation mice
- Follicular atresia
- GD, gestation day
- H&E, Hematoxylin and Eosin
- HCL, Hydrogen Chloride
- IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction
- NMRI, Naval Medical Research Institute
- Ni, nicotine
- Nicotine
- OFR, ovarian follicular reservoir
- OS, oxidative stress
- PBS, Phosphate-buffered saline
- PND, Postnatal day
- Placenta
- ROS, reactive-oxygen-species
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- SPSS, statistical package for the social sciences
- TUNEL, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
- Veh, vehicle
- WHO, World Health Organization
- cat.no, catalogue number
- i.p., intraperitoneally
- nAChRs, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
- s.c., subcutaneously
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Musanejad
- Anatomical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76169-14115, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tahereh Haghpanah
- Anatomical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76169-14115, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vida Mirzaie
- Anatomical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76169-14115, Kerman, Iran
| | - Massood Ezzatabadipour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Pourjafari F, Haghpanah T, Sharififar F, Nematollahi-Mahani SN, Afgar A, Asadi Karam G, Ezzatabadipour M. Protective effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of foeniculum vulgare and linum usitatissimum on ovarian follicle reserve in the first-generation mouse pups. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02540. [PMID: 31667392 PMCID: PMC6812208 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of fennel and flaxseed during pre- and post-natal period until puberty and menopause on ovarian follicular reserve (OFR). Methods Pregnant NMRI mice received fennel (FV, 500 mg/kg/day), flaxseed (LU, 500 mg/kg/day), LU + FV (500 mg/kg/day) and no treatment was given to the controls. Female pups were studied on post-natal-days 1, 56 and 240 (PND1, 56, 240). Ovary weight and diameters, the number of primordial (PF), atretic (AF) and apoptotic (APF) follicles were determined. The expression of Bcl2 and STAT3 (apoptosis-related-genes), micoRNA-125a-5p, and also serum levels of sex hormones were measured. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test. Results FV and FV + LU groups showed a marked rise in body and ovary weights and diameters as compared to the control group. The number of PF at PND1, PND56, and PND240 increased significantly in the FV and FV + LU groups but decreased in the LU group compared to the control mice. There was a significant reduction in the mean of AF in the FV and FV + LU group and a marked increase in the LU group compared to the controls. Also, more APF were observed in the LU group, whereas less apoptotic follicles were present in the FV group. FSH and estradiol serum levels increased significantly while LH decreased in the FV group. The anti-apoptotic-genes expression and pro-apoptotic microRNA, respectively, increased and decreased in the FV group versus control group. Conclusions It can be concluded that fennel alone and in combination with flaxseed could improve OFR during pregnancy, lactation, and afterwards until puberty and menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Pourjafari
- Anatomical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tahereh Haghpanah
- Anatomical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fariba Sharififar
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Ali Afgar
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadi Karam
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Massood Ezzatabadipour
- Anatomical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Investigation of the interaction between bta-miR-222 and the estrogen receptor alpha gene in the bovine ovarium. Reprod Biol 2018; 18:259-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Regan SLP, Knight PG, Yovich JL, Stanger JD, Leung Y, Arfuso F, Almahbobi G, Dharmarajan A. The effect of ovarian reserve and receptor signalling on granulosa cell apoptosis during human follicle development. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 470:219-227. [PMID: 29113831 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The poor oocyte quality in older women has previously been linked to the depletion of the ovarian reserve of primordial follicles and an increase in granulosal apoptosis. Granulosa cells were collected from 198 follicles and individually analysed by flow cytometry. In the young IVF patients, the level of apoptosis was inversely proportional to the expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMPR1B) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) receptors. Conversely, in the older patients this relationship became dysregulated. In the older patients, at the time of preovulatory maturation, the reduced apoptosis reflects the poor mitogenic growth turnover rate of healthy follicles rather than the death rate in an atretic follicle. Restoring an optimum receptor density and down-regulation of receptors may improve oocyte quality and the pregnancy rate in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena L P Regan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
| | - Phil G Knight
- School of Biological Sciences, Hopkins Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
| | | | | | - Yee Leung
- Western Australian Gynaecologic Cancer Service, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, Perth, Australia
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Ghanim Almahbobi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Altered expression of IL-1β, IL-1RI, IL-1RII, IL-1RA and IL-4 could contribute to anovulation and follicular persistence in cattle. Theriogenology 2018; 110:61-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Regan SLP, Knight PG, Yovich JL, Leung Y, Arfuso F, Dharmarajan A. Granulosa Cell Apoptosis in the Ovarian Follicle-A Changing View. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:61. [PMID: 29551992 PMCID: PMC5840209 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies challenge the previous view that apoptosis within the granulosa cells of the maturing ovarian follicle is a reflection of aging and consequently a marker for poor quality of the contained oocyte. On the contrary, apoptosis within the granulosa cells is an integral part of normal development and has limited predictive capability regarding oocyte quality or the ensuing pregnancy rate in in vitro fertilization programs. This review article covers our revised understanding of the process of apoptosis within the ovarian follicle, its three phenotypes, the major signaling pathways underlying apoptosis as well as the associated mitochondrial pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena L. P. Regan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Sheena L. P. Regan,
| | - Phil G. Knight
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - John L. Yovich
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- PIVET Medical Centre, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yee Leung
- Western Australian Gynaecologic Cancer Service, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Gasperin BG, Rovani MT, Ferreira R, Ilha GF, Bordignon V, Gonçalves PB, Duggavathi R. Functional status of STAT3 and MAPK3/1 signaling pathways in granulosa cells during bovine follicular deviation. Theriogenology 2015; 83:353-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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9
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Cools S, Van den Broeck W, De Vliegher S, Piepers S, Hostens M, Opsomer G. Topographic Distribution of the Different Cell Types, Connective Tissue and Vascular Tissue/Lumina Within a Functional Bovine Corpus Luteum and its Association with Breed, Type of Fixation Protocol and Stage During the Cycle. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 48:627-35. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Cools
- Department of Reproduction; Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke; Belgium
| | - W Van den Broeck
- Department of Morphology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke; Belgium
| | - S De Vliegher
- Department of Reproduction; Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke; Belgium
| | - S Piepers
- Department of Reproduction; Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke; Belgium
| | - M Hostens
- Department of Reproduction; Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke; Belgium
| | - G Opsomer
- Department of Reproduction; Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke; Belgium
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Cools S, Van den Broeck W, De Vliegher S, Piepers S, Opsomer G. The Bovine Luteal Histological Composition: A Topographic Point of View. Reprod Domest Anim 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Cools
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke; Belgium
| | - W Van den Broeck
- Department of Morphology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke; Belgium
| | - S De Vliegher
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke; Belgium
| | - S Piepers
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke; Belgium
| | - G Opsomer
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke; Belgium
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Janowski D, Salilew-Wondim D, Torner H, Tesfaye D, Ghanem N, Tomek W, El-Sayed A, Schellander K, Hölker M. Incidence of apoptosis and transcript abundance in bovine follicular cells is associated with the quality of the enclosed oocyte. Theriogenology 2012; 78:656-69.e1-5. [PMID: 22578626 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The close contact and interaction between the oocyte and the follicular environment influence the establishment of oocyte developmental competence. Moreover, it is assumed that apoptosis in the follicular cells has a beneficial influence on the developmental competence of oocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether bovine oocytes with varied developmental competence show differences in the degree of apoptosis and gene expression pattern in their surrounding follicular cells (cumulus and granulosa cells). Oocytes and follicular cells from follicles of 3 to 5 mm in diameter were grouped as brilliant cresyl blue (BCB)+ and BCB- based on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity in the ooplasm by BCB staining. In the follicular cells initial, early and late apoptotic events were assessed by analyzing caspase-3 activity, annexin-V and TUNEL, respectively. Global gene expression was investigated in immature oocytes and corresponding follicular cells. BCB+ oocytes resulted in a higher blastocyst rate (19.3%) compared to the BCB- group (7.4%, P < 0.05). Moreover, the analysis of apoptosis showed a higher caspase-3 activity in the follicular cells and an increased degree of late apoptotic events in granulosa cells in the BCB+ compared with the BCB- group. Additionally, the global gene expression profile revealed a total of 34 and 37 differentially expressed genes between BCB+ and BCB- cumulus cells and granulosa cells, respectively, whereas 207 genes showed an altered transcript abundance between BCB+ and BCB- oocytes. Among these, EIF3F, RARRES2, RNF34, ACTA1, GSTA1, EIF3A, VIM and CS gene transcripts were most highly enriched in the BCB+ oocytes, whereas OLFM1, LINGO1, ALDH1A3, PTHLH, BTN3A3, MRPS2 and PPM1K were most significantly reduced in these cells. Therefore, the follicular cells enclosing developmentally competent oocytes show a higher level of apoptosis and a different pattern of gene expression compared to follicular cells enclosing non-competent bovine oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Janowski
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Elisabeth NH, Gustave SD, Gros O. Cell proliferation and apoptosis in gill filaments of the lucinid Codakia orbiculata (Montagu, 1808) (Mollusca: Bivalvia) during bacterial decolonization and recolonization. Microsc Res Tech 2012; 75:1136-46. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Sreejalekshmi P, Raghavendra BS, Siva Subramani T, Chandrashekara Murthy V, Jamuna KV, Prasad RV, Ravindra JP, Selvaraju S. Detection of Follicular Apoptosis in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Ovary by Histology and Nick End Labelling Technique. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 46:59-65. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01569.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Salvetti NR, Stangaferro ML, Palomar MM, Alfaro NS, Rey F, Gimeno EJ, Ortega HH. Cell proliferation and survival mechanisms underlying the abnormal persistence of follicular cysts in bovines with cystic ovarian disease induced by ACTH. Anim Reprod Sci 2010; 122:98-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Vascular dynamics in relation to immunolocalisation of VEGF-A, VEGFR-2 and Ang-2 in the bovine corpus luteum. Acta Histochem 2008; 110:462-72. [PMID: 18541291 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2008.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Revised: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dynamics during development and regression of the bovine corpus luteum were investigated morphometrically in relation to immunolocalisation of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and angiopoietin 2 (Ang-2) in the different cell types. Angiogenesis and remodelling of the capillary network between day 8 and 17 of the oestrous cycle was driven by luteal cells, which were highly immunopositive for VEGF-A. Thereafter, immunoreactivity for VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 was mainly found in vascular smooth muscle cells, the predominant cell type in late luteolysis. During early regression, apoptosis of luteal and endothelial cells was closely correlated, resulting in a significant decrease of capillarity. In late regression, an increase in capillary density was found, suggesting that regression and transformation into the corpus albicans requires adequate perfusion. In the phases of vascular remodelling, i.e. mature and late regressing corpus luteum, high scores of Ang-2-immunopositive endothelial and smooth muscle cells were found. Therefore, it may be hypothesised that Ang-2 supports the angiogenic effects of VEGF-A in these luteal stages. Results emphasise that precise staging and a differentiated view on the cellular populations is important in evaluating the controlled regression and transformation of the corpus luteum.
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Ortega HH, Palomar MM, Acosta JC, Salvetti NR, Dallard BE, Lorente JA, Barbeito CG, Gimeno EJ. Insulin-like growth factor I in sera, ovarian follicles and follicular fluid of cows with spontaneous or induced cystic ovarian disease. Res Vet Sci 2008; 84:419-27. [PMID: 17631370 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Revised: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to determine changes in IGF-I levels in serum and follicular fluid, and immunoreactivity of the follicle wall of cows with spontaneous (slaughter specimens) or ACTH-induced follicular cysts, and to compare results to normal cycling (control) cows after selection of the ovulatory follicle. Concentrations of IGF-I in serum did not differ between control and cystic animals (p=0.76). Fluid from the ovulatory follicle in control cows had 41% higher concentrations of IGF-I than that from cystic follicles collected at slaughter (spontaneous cysts; p<0.05) and 70% higher than that in induced follicular cysts (p<0.05). An intense positive immunostaining with anti-IGF-I was observed in granulosa cells (p<0.05) and in the theca interna (p<0.05) of secondary and tertiary follicles in all three groups of animals, but staining was less intense in cystic (p<0.05) and atretic follicles (p<0.05). This study provides evidence to suggest that cystic ovarian disease in cattle is associated with decreased concentrations of IGF-I in follicular fluid, but not in serum, and decreased production of IGF-I in the follicular wall. These data support the notion that IGF-I plays a role in the regulation of folliculogenesis, and may participate in the pathogenesis of cystic ovarian disease in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo H Ortega
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of Litoral, R.P. Kreder 2805, CP 3080, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Liu X, Hart EJ, Petrik JJ, Nykamp SG, Bartlewski PM. Relationships between ultrasonographic image attributes, histomorphology and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression of bovine antral follicles and corpora lutea ex situ. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 43:27-34. [PMID: 18199255 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2007.00848.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between quantitative ultrasonographic image characteristics, histological attributes and cell proliferating ability of bovine antral follicles and corpora lutea (CL) ex situ. Bovine ovaries (n = 30) from animals at various reproductive states (metoestrus-early dioestrus, n = 8; mid-dioestrus, n = 12; oestrous phase of peripubertal heifers, n = 6; and pregnancy, n = 4) were collected at the slaughterhouse. High-resolution ultrasonographic images of the ovaries were obtained in the water bath, digitized and subjected to computerized image analyses. The analyses utilized line and spot techniques designed to determine pixel values of the follicular wall (the largest follicles >2 mm in diameter in each ovary) and CL, respectively. Individual ovarian structures were dissected and processed for histology and immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The mean follicular diameter was negatively correlated with total cell density (r = -0.45, p < 0.05), granulosa layer thickness (r = -0.67, p < 0.001) and the percentage of PCNA-positive cells (r = -0.57, p < 0.001). Numerical pixel values and heterogeneity of the follicular wall were positively correlated with total cell density (r = 0.42, p < 0.05 and r = 0.62, p < 0.05; respectively), granulosa layer thickness (both r = 0.39, p < 0.05), and the percentage of PCNA-positive cells (r = 0.54, p < 0.01 and r = 0.69, p < 0.001, respectively). Estimates of cell density and proliferating cell index were not correlated with the ultrasonographic image attributes of CL. We conclude that follicular size and echotextural variables, as determined by computer-assisted image analysis of ovaries ex situ, are reliable markers of the histophysiological properties of bovine antral follicles, but the ultrasonographic characteristics are not indicative of cell density and proliferation in the bovine CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Salvetti NR, Acosta JC, Gimeno EJ, Müller LA, Mazzini RA, Taboada AF, Ortega HH. Estrogen receptors alpha and beta and progesterone receptors in normal bovine ovarian follicles and cystic ovarian disease. Vet Pathol 2007; 44:373-8. [PMID: 17491080 DOI: 10.1354/vp.44-3-373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine by immunohistochemistry the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in ovarian follicular structures from cows with cystic ovarian disease (COD) and to compare these with normal ovarian structures. Secondary, tertiary, atretic, and cystic follicles were evaluated. The follicular cysts of animals with COD presented a significantly higher expression of estrogen receptor alpha in all follicular layers than secondary, tertiary, and atretic follicles in both groups (P < .05). The intensity of estrogen receptor beta in the granulosa cell layer was stronger in tertiary than in secondary and atretic follicles in normal animals (P < .05) and in growing and cystic follicles in animals with COD (P < .05). Theca cells were scarcely stained in the 2 groups. Growing follicles and cysts from COD animals were less stained than tertiary follicles from normal animals (P < .05). Differences did not exist between the 2 groups with regard to the progesterone receptor. Ovaries of animals with COD exhibited altered estrogen receptors expression compared with that in normal animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Salvetti
- Departament of Anatomy and Histology, National University of Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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D'Haeseleer M, Simoens P, Van den Broeck W. Cell-specific localization of progesterone receptors in the bovine ovary at different stages of the oestrous cycle. Anim Reprod Sci 2007; 98:271-81. [PMID: 16650698 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2005] [Revised: 02/21/2006] [Accepted: 03/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This immunohistochemical study describes the localization of progesterone receptors (PR) in the bovine ovary of 23 cows at different stages of the oestrous cycle. In primordial, primary and secondary follicles the score for PR in the follicle cells increased progressively with the maturation of the follicle. In vital tertiary follicles and cystic atretic follicles a moderate score for PR was found, while in obliterative atretic follicles the score was much lower. Scores were high in corpora hemorrhagica, low in corpora lutea and still lower in corpora albicantia. Low PR scores were also found in the tunica albuginea and surface epithelium. Cyclic variations of PR immunoreactivity were manifest in most ovarian tissues. Follicular scores for PR were high in oestrus and decreased during the following stages, whereas scores in corpora lutea cells varied according to a characteristic pattern with high levels during oestrus and metoestrus. The variations in the scores for PR in the different ovarian cell types suggest a cell-specific and cycle-dependent influence of progesterone. A negative correlation was found between the PR scores and the plasma progesterone concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D'Haeseleer
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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D'Haeseleer M, Cornillie P, Simoens P, van den Broeck W. Localization of Oestrogen Receptors Within Various Bovine Ovarian Cell Types at Different Stages of the Oestrous Cycle. Anat Histol Embryol 2006; 35:334-42. [PMID: 16968254 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2006.00693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study oestrogen receptor alpha(ERalpha) and oestrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) mRNA were localized in various ovarian cell types of 23 cows at different stages of the oestrous cycle. ERalpha was detected by immunohistochemistry and the localization of ERbeta mRNA was examined using in situ hybridization. The immunostaining of ERalpha was low in the ovarian follicles, tunica albuginea and surface epithelium, but high in cells of the deep stroma and superficial stroma, which indicates a functional role of ERalpha in the cells surrounding the follicles. In contrast, ERbeta mRNA scores were low to moderate in primordial and primary follicles, and increased with the development of the follicle. ERbeta mRNA scores were higher in cystic follicles than in obliterative follicles. In the corpora lutea and corpora albicantia the scores for ERbeta mRNA were moderate. Furthermore, in the corpora lutea, ERbeta mRNA levels showed cyclic variations and were low during early dioestrus. The correlation between plasma progesterone levels and the score for ER was low and negative in all ovarian cell types. This study demonstrates the predominant role of ERbeta over ERalpha in bovine ovarian structures. Furthermore, the colocalization of both ERbeta mRNA and ERalpha in most cell types suggests possible interactions between both ER subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D'Haeseleer
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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