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Chen Y, Steeneveld W, Frankena K, Leemans I, Aardema H, Vos PLAM, Nielen M, Hostens M. Association between days post conception and lactation persistency in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00639-8. [PMID: 38580151 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Determining the optimal insemination moment for individual cows is complex, particularly when considering the impact of pregnancy on milk production. The effect of pregnancy on the absolute milk yield has already been reported in several studies. Currently, there is limited quantitative knowledge about the association between days post conception (DPC) and lactation persistency, based on a lactation curve model, and, specifically, how persistency changes during pregnancy and relates to the days in milk at conception (DIMc). Understanding this association might provide valuable insights to determine the optimal insemination moment. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the association between DPC and lactation persistency, with an additional focus on the influence of DIMc. Available milk production data from 2005 to 2022 were available for 23,908 cows from 87 herds located throughout the Netherlands and Belgium. Persistency was measured by a lactation curve characteristic decay, representing the time taken to halve milk production after peak yield. Decay was calculated for 8 DPC (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 d after DIMc) and served as the dependent variable. Independent variables included DPC, DIMc (< = 60, 61-90, 91-120, 121-150, 151-180, 181-210, > 210), parity group, DPC × parity group, DPC × DIMc and variables from 30 d before DIMc as covariates. The results showed an increase in decay, i.e., a decrease in persistency, during pregnancy for both parity groups, albeit in different ways. Specifically, from DPC 150 to DPC 210, multiparous cows showed a higher decline in persistency compared with primiparous cows. Furthermore, a later DIMc (cows conceiving later) was associated with higher persistency. Except for the early DIMc groups (DIMc < 90), DIMc does not impact the change in persistency by gestation. The findings from this study contribute to a better understanding of how DPC and DIMc during lactation influence lactation persistency, enabling more informed decision-making by farmers who wish to take persistency into account in their reproduction management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - W Steeneveld
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - K Frankena
- Department of Animal Science, Adaptation Physiology group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - I Leemans
- Department of Animal Science, Adaptation Physiology group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H Aardema
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P L A M Vos
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Nielen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Hostens
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Salamone M, Adriaens I, Liseune A, Heirbaut S, Jing XP, Fievez V, Vandaele L, Opsomer G, Hostens M, Aernouts B. Milk yield residuals and their link with the metabolic status of dairy cows in the transition period. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:317-330. [PMID: 37678771 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The transition period is one of the most challenging periods in the lactation cycle of high-yielding dairy cows. It is commonly known to be associated with diminished animal welfare and economic performance of dairy farms. The development of data-driven health monitoring tools based on on-farm available milk yield development has shown potential in identifying health-perturbing events. As proof of principle, we explored the association of these milk yield residuals with the metabolic status of cows during the transition period. Over 2 yr, 117 transition periods from 99 multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were monitored intensively. Pre- and postpartum dry matter intake was measured and blood samples were taken at regular intervals to determine β-hydroxybutyrate, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), insulin, glucose, fructosamine, and IGF1 concentrations. The expected milk yield in the current transition period was predicted with 2 previously developed models (nextMILK and SLMYP) using low-frequency test-day (TD) data and high-frequency milk meter (MM) data from the animal's previous lactation, respectively. The expected milk yield was subtracted from the actual production to calculate the milk yield residuals in the transition period (MRT) for both TD and MM data, yielding MRTTD and MRTMM. When the MRT is negative, the realized milk yield is lower than the predicted milk yield, in contrast, when positive, the realized milk yield exceeded the predicted milk yield. First, blood plasma analytes, dry matter intake, and MRT were compared between clinically diseased and nonclinically diseased transitions. MRTTD and MRTMM, postpartum dry matter intake and IGF1 were significantly lower for clinically diseased versus nonclinically diseased transitions, whereas β-hydroxybutyrate and NEFA concentrations were significantly higher. Next, linear models were used to link the MRTTD and MRTMM of the nonclinically diseased cows with the dry matter intake measurements and blood plasma analytes. After variable selection, a final model was constructed for MRTTD and MRTMM, resulting in an adjusted R2 of 0.47 and 0.73, respectively. While both final models were not identical the retained variables were similar and yielded comparable importance and direction. In summary, the most informative variables in these linear models were the dry matter intake postpartum and the lactation number. Moreover, in both models, lower and thus also more negative MRT were linked with lower dry matter intake and increasing lactation number. In the case of an increasing dry matter intake, MRTTD was positively associated with NEFA concentrations. Furthermore, IGF1, glucose, and insulin explained a significant part of the MRT. Results of the present study suggest that milk yield residuals at the start of a new lactation are indicative of the health and metabolic status of transitioning dairy cows in support of the development of a health monitoring tool. Future field studies including a higher number of cows from multiple herds are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salamone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Biosystems, Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Campus Geel, KU Leuven, 2440 Geel, Belgium.
| | - I Adriaens
- Department of Biosystems, Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Campus Geel, KU Leuven, 2440 Geel, Belgium; KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Liseune
- Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Heirbaut
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - X P Jing
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - V Fievez
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Vandaele
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - G Opsomer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M Hostens
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - B Aernouts
- Department of Biosystems, Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Campus Geel, KU Leuven, 2440 Geel, Belgium
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Salamone M, Adriaens I, Vervaet A, Opsomer G, Atashi H, Fievez V, Aernouts B, Hostens M. Prediction of first test day milk yield using historical records in dairy cows. Animal 2022; 16:100658. [DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Kemel C, Salamone M, Van Loo H, Latour C, Vandeputte S, Callens J, Hostens M, Opsomer G. Unaffected semen quality parameters in Neospora caninum seropositive Belgian Blue bulls. Theriogenology 2022; 191:10-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Wathes DC, Cheng Z, Salavati M, Buggiotti L, Takeda H, Tang L, Becker F, Ingvartsen KL, Ferris C, Hostens M, Crowe MA. Corrigendum to "Relationships between metabolic profiles and gene expression in liver and leukocytes of dairy cows in early lactation" (J. Dairy Sci. 104:3596-3616). J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:6327. [PMID: 33888222 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-104-5-6327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wathes DC, Cheng Z, Salavati M, Buggiotti L, Takeda H, Tang L, Becker F, Ingvartsen KI, Ferris C, Hostens M, Crowe MA. Relationships between metabolic profiles and gene expression in liver and leukocytes of dairy cows in early lactation. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:3596-3616. [PMID: 33455774 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Homeorhetic mechanisms assist dairy cows in the transition from pregnancy to lactation. Less successful cows develop severe negative energy balance (NEB), placing them at risk of metabolic and infectious diseases and reduced fertility. We have previously placed multiparous Holstein Friesian cows from 4 herds into metabolic clusters, using as biomarkers measurements of plasma nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose and IGF-1 collected at 14 and 35 d in milk (DIM). This study characterized the global transcriptomic profiles of liver and circulating leukocytes from the same animals to determine underlying mechanisms associated with their metabolic and immune function. Liver biopsy and whole-blood samples were collected around 14 DIM for RNA sequencing. All cows with available RNA sequencing data were placed into balanced (BAL, n = 44), intermediate (n = 44), or imbalanced (IMBAL, n = 19) metabolic cluster groups. Differential gene expression was compared between the 3 groups using ANOVA, but only the comparison between BAL and IMBAL cows is reported. Pathway analysis was undertaken using DAVID Bioinformatic Resources (https://david.ncifcrf.gov/). Milk yields did not differ between BAL and IMBAL cows but dry matter intake was less in IMBAL cows and they were in greater energy deficit at 14 DIM (-4.48 v -11.70 MJ/d for BAL and IMBAL cows). Significantly differentially expressed pathways in hepatic tissue included AMPK signaling, glucagon signaling, adipocytokine signaling, and insulin resistance. Genes involved in lipid metabolism and cholesterol transport were more highly expressed in IMBAL cows but IGF1 and IGFALS were downregulated. Leukocytes from BAL cows had greater expression of histones and genes involved in nucleosomes and cell division. Leukocyte expression of heat shock proteins increased in IMBAL cows, suggesting an unfolded protein response, and several key genes involved in immune responses to pathogens were upregulated (e.g., DEFB13, HP, OAS1Z, PTX3, and TLR4). Differentially expressed genes upregulated in IMBAL cows in both tissues included CD36, CPT1, KFL11, and PDK4, all central regulators of energy metabolism. The IMBAL cows therefore had greater difficulty maintaining glucose homeostasis and had dysregulated hepatic lipid metabolism. Their energy deficit was associated with a reduced capacity for cell division and greater evidence of stress responses in the leukocyte population, likely contributing to an increased risk of infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Wathes
- Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
| | - Z Cheng
- Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - M Salavati
- Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - L Buggiotti
- Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - H Takeda
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - L Tang
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - F Becker
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - K I Ingvartsen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - C Ferris
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT9 5PX, United Kingdom
| | - M Hostens
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M A Crowe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Atashi H, Salavati M, De Koster J, Crowe MA, Opsomer G, Hostens M. Genome-wide association for metabolic clusters in early-lactation Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:6392-6406. [PMID: 32331880 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to detect the genomic region or regions associated with metabolic clusters in early-lactation Holstein cows. This study was carried out in 2 experiments. In experiment I, which was carried out on 105 multiparous Holstein cows, animals were classified through k-means clustering on log-transformed and standardized concentrations of blood glucose, insulin-like growth factor I, free fatty acids, and β-hydroxybutyrate at 14 and 35 d in milk (DIM), into metabolic clusters, either balanced (BAL) or other (OTR). Forty percent of the animals were categorized in the BAL group, and the remainder were categorized as OTR. The cows were genotyped for a total of 777,962 SNP. A genome-wide association study was performed, using a case-control approach through the GEMMA software, accounting for population structure. We found 8 SNP (BTA11, BTA23, and BTAX) associated with the predicted metabolic clusters. In experiment II, carried out on 4,267 second-parity Holstein cows, milk samples collected starting from the first week until 50 DIM were used to determine Fourier-transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectra and subsequently to classify the animals into the same metabolic clusters (BAL vs. OTR). Twenty-eight percent of the animals were categorized in the BAL group, and the remainder were classified in the OTR category. Although daily milk yield was lower in BAL cows, we found no difference in daily fat- and protein-corrected milk yield in cows from the BAL metabolic cluster compared with those in the OTR metabolic cluster. In the next step, a single-step genomic BLUP was used to identify the genomic region(s) associated with the predicted metabolic clusters. The results revealed that prediction of metabolic clusters is a highly polygenic trait regulated by many small-sized effects. The region of 36,258 to 36,295 kb on BTA27 was the highly associated region for the predicted metabolic clusters, with the closest genes to this region (ANK1 and miR-486) being related to hematopoiesis, erythropoiesis, and mammary gland development. The heritability for metabolic clustering was 0.17 (SD 0.03), indicating that the use of FT-MIR spectra in milk to predict metabolic clusters in early-lactation across a large number of cows has satisfactory potential to be included in genetic selection programs for modern dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Atashi
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium; Department of Animal Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran
| | - M Salavati
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - J De Koster
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - M A Crowe
- University College Dublin, 4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - G Opsomer
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | | | - M Hostens
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium.
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Grelet C, Froidmont E, Foldager L, Salavati M, Hostens M, Ferris CP, Ingvartsen KL, Crowe MA, Sorensen MT, Fernandez Pierna JA, Vanlierde A, Gengler N, Dehareng F. Potential of milk mid-infrared spectra to predict nitrogen use efficiency of individual dairy cows in early lactation. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:4435-4445. [PMID: 32147266 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) at both the individual cow and the herd level has become a key target in dairy production systems, for both environmental and economic reasons. Cost-effective and large-scale phenotyping methods are required to improve NUE through genetic selection and by feeding and management strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using mid-infrared (MIR) spectra of milk to predict individual dairy cow NUE during early lactation. Data were collected from 129 Holstein cows, from calving until 50 d in milk, in 3 research herds (Denmark, Ireland, and the UK). In 2 of the herds, diets were designed to challenge cows metabolically, whereas a diet reflecting local management practices was offered in the third herd. Nitrogen intake (kg/d) and nitrogen excreted in milk (kg/d) were calculated daily. Nitrogen use efficiency was calculated as the ratio between nitrogen in milk and nitrogen intake, and expressed as a percentage. Individual daily values for NUE ranged from 9.7 to 81.7%, with an average of 36.9% and standard deviation of 10.4%. Milk MIR spectra were recorded twice weekly and were standardized into a common format to avoid bias between apparatus or sampling periods. Regression models predicting NUE using milk MIR spectra were developed on 1,034 observations using partial least squares or support vector machines regression methods. The models were then evaluated through (1) a cross-validation using 10 subsets, (2) a cow validation excluding 25% of the cows to be used as a validation set, and (3) a diet validation excluding each of the diets one by one to be used as validation sets. The best statistical performances were obtained when using the support vector machines method. Inclusion of milk yield and lactation number as predictors, in combination with the spectra, also improved the calibration. In cross-validation, the best model predicted NUE with a coefficient of determination of cross-validation of 0.74 and a relative error of 14%, which is suitable to discriminate between low- and high-NUE cows. When performing the cow validation, the relative error remained at 14%, and during the diet validation the relative error ranged from 12 to 34%. In the diet validation, the models showed a lack of robustness, demonstrating difficulties in predicting NUE for diets and for samples that were not represented in the calibration data set. Hence, a need exists to integrate more data in the models to cover a maximum of variability regarding breeds, diets, lactation stages, management practices, seasons, MIR instruments, and geographic regions. Although the model needs to be validated and improved for use in routine conditions, these preliminary results showed that it was possible to obtain information on NUE through milk MIR spectra. This could potentially allow large-scale predictions to aid both further genetic and genomic studies, and the development of farm management tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Grelet
- Walloon Agricultural Research Center (CRA-W), B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - E Froidmont
- Walloon Agricultural Research Center (CRA-W), B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - L Foldager
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Dk-8830 Tjele, Denmark; Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Dk-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Salavati
- Royal Veterinary College (RVC), London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
| | - M Hostens
- Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - C P Ferris
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast BT9 5PX, Northern Ireland
| | - K L Ingvartsen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Dk-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M A Crowe
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - M T Sorensen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Dk-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | | | - A Vanlierde
- Walloon Agricultural Research Center (CRA-W), B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - N Gengler
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | | | - F Dehareng
- Walloon Agricultural Research Center (CRA-W), B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
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De Koster J, Salavati M, Grelet C, Crowe MA, Matthews E, O'Flaherty R, Opsomer G, Foldager L, Hostens M. Corrigendum to "Prediction of metabolic clusters in early-lactation dairy cows using models based on milk biomarkers" (J. Dairy Sci. 102:2631-2644). J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:3778. [PMID: 30878076 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-102-4-3778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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De Koster J, Salavati M, Grelet C, Crowe MA, Matthews E, O'Flaherty R, Opsomer G, Foldager L, Hostens M. Prediction of metabolic clusters in early-lactation dairy cows using models based on milk biomarkers. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:2631-2644. [PMID: 30692010 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe metabolism of early-lactation dairy cows by clustering cows based on glucose, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), free fatty acid, and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) using the k-means method. Predictive models for metabolic clusters were created and validated using 3 sets of milk biomarkers (milk metabolites and enzymes, glycans on the immunogamma globulin fraction of milk, and Fourier-transform mid-infrared spectra of milk). Metabolic clusters are used to identify dairy cows with a balanced or imbalanced metabolic profile. Around 14 and 35 d in milk, serum or plasma concentrations of BHB, free fatty acids, glucose, and IGF-I were determined. Cows with a favorable metabolic profile were grouped together in what was referred to as the "balanced" group (n = 43) and were compared with cows in what was referred to as the "other balanced" group (n = 64). Cows with an unfavorable metabolic profile were grouped in what was referred to as the "imbalanced" group (n = 19) and compared with cows in what was referred to as the "other imbalanced" group (n = 88). Glucose and IGF-I were higher in balanced compared with other balanced cows. Free fatty acids and BHB were lower in balanced compared with other balanced cows. Glucose and IGF-I were lower in imbalanced compared with other imbalanced cows. Free fatty acids and BHB were higher in imbalanced cows. Metabolic clusters were related to production parameters. There was a trend for a higher daily increase in fat- and protein-corrected milk yield in balanced cows, whereas that of imbalanced cows was higher. Dry matter intake and the daily increase in dry matter intake were higher in balanced cows and lower in imbalanced cows. Energy balance was continuously higher in balanced cows and lower in imbalanced cows. Weekly or twice-weekly milk samples were taken and milk metabolites and enzymes (milk glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, BHB, lactate dehydrogenase, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase, isocitrate), immunogamma globulin glycans (19 peaks), and Fourier-transform mid-infrared spectra (1,060 wavelengths reduced to 15 principal components) were determined. Milk biomarkers with or without additional cow information (days in milk, parity, milk yield features) were used to create predictive models for the metabolic clusters. Accuracy for prediction of balanced (80%) and imbalanced (88%) cows was highest using milk metabolites and enzymes combined with days in milk and parity. The results and models of the present study are part of the GplusE project and identify novel milk-based phenotypes that may be used as predictors for metabolic and performance traits in early-lactation dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- J De Koster
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M Salavati
- Royal Veterinary College, NW1 0TU London, United Kingdom
| | - C Grelet
- Walloon Agricultural Research Center, Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - M A Crowe
- University College Dublin, 4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Matthews
- University College Dublin, 4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - R O'Flaherty
- GlycoScience Group, NIBRT, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merion, 4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - G Opsomer
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - L Foldager
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark; Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - M Hostens
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Pascottini OB, Probo M, LeBlanc S, Opsomer G, Hostens M. 96 Association between metabolic diseases and fertility of high-yielding dairy cows in a transition management facility using survival analysis and machine-learning models. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv31n1ab96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the association between individual and multiple metabolic diseases (MD and MD+) diagnosed during the transition period (±3 wk relative to calving) and the probability of pregnancy until 210 days in milk (DIM) in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Disease and reproductive data from a dairy herd with 1946 calvings (n=542 primiparous and n=1404 multiparous cows) were analysed using a 1-year cohort. The recorded MD were milk fever, ketosis, displaced abomasum, retained placenta, metritis, twinning, and clinical mastitis. The association between the 210-DIM pregnancy risk and the MD was evaluated as MD cows (uncomplicated cases) v. MD+ cows (complicated cases) v. healthy cows (3 groups of cows). Univariable survival models were used to analyse the association of MD and MD+ with pregnancy until 210 DIM, accounting for parity. Univariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to quantify the relative risk of pregnancy per day. A hierarchically ordered decision tree and a random forest model were built to explore the importance of MD and parity on the pregnancy risk within the first 210 DIM. Parity affected the 210-DIM pregnancy risk (P<0.001); therefore, all further analyses were stratified by parity. The incidence of MD and MD+ for primiparous and multiparous cows were 29 (n=159) and 9% (n=48), and 23 (n=317) and 11% (n=160), respectively. The overall 210-DIM pregnancy risk was 77% (n=415) for primiparous cows and 62% (n=879) for multiparous cows. Among healthy cows (no MD) the 210-DIM pregnancy risk was 80% (n=269) for primiparous cows and 82% (n=537) for multiparous cows. Conversely, the 210-DIM pregnancy risk for cows with MD or MD+ were 73 (n=116) and 63% (n=30) for primiparous and 48 (n=152) and 46% (n=74) for multiparous cows, respectively. Using the healthy cows as the reference, the 210-DIM hazard ratios for conception were 0.8 for MD [95% confidence interval (CI)=0.6-1.0; P=0.05] and 0.5 for MD+ (95% CI=0.4-0.8; P=0.005) for primiparous cows and 0.5 for MD (95% CI=0.4-0.6; P<0.001) and 0.4 for MD+ (95% CI=0.3-0.6; P<0.001) for multiparous cows. Parity had profound effect on the 210-DIM pregnancy risk. The hazard ratio for conception was reduced when a MD was complicated with another MD (MD+) in both primiparous and multiparous cows. Both the decision tree and random forest analysis also indicated that parity was the most influential variable reducing fertility among cows, followed by (in order of magnitude of effect) milk fever, displaced abomasum, ketosis, and clinical mastitis. Including multiple disease interactions into multivariable Cox proportional hazard models are highly likely to violate the proportional hazards assumption due to complex disease interactions. Machine-learning models represent a valid alternative to accommodate large datasets in the presence of missing values and intricate dependencies among explanatory variables.
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Probo M, Pascottini OB, LeBlanc S, Opsomer G, Hostens M. Association between metabolic diseases and the culling risk of high-yielding dairy cows in a transition management facility using survival and decision tree analysis. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:9419-9429. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Depreester E, De Koster J, Van Poucke M, Hostens M, Van den Broeck W, Peelman L, Contreras G, Opsomer G. Influence of adipocyte size and adipose depot on the number of adipose tissue macrophages and the expression of adipokines in dairy cows at the end of pregnancy. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:6542-6555. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Bogado Pascottini O, Hostens M, Opsomer G. Cytological endometritis diagnosed at artificial insemination in repeat breeder dairy cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 53:559-561. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Bogado Pascottini
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - M Hostens
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - G Opsomer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
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Hermans K, Waegeman W, Opsomer G, Van Ranst B, De Koster J, Van Eetvelde M, Hostens M. Novel approaches to assess the quality of fertility data stored in dairy herd management software. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:4078-4089. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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De Koster J, Urh C, Hostens M, Van den Broeck W, Sauerwein H, Opsomer G. Relationship between serum adiponectin concentration, body condition score, and peripheral tissue insulin response of dairy cows during the dry period. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2017; 59:100-104. [PMID: 28063290 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to describe the relationship between serum adiponectin concentration and peripheral tissue insulin response in dairy cows with a variable body condition score (BCS) during the dry period. Cows were selected at the beginning of the dry period based on BCS (BCS <3.75, n = 4; BCS >3.75, n = 5). Animals were followed from the beginning of the dry period by weekly blood sampling and assessment of BCS and backfat thickness. Weekly blood samples were analyzed for adiponectin concentration using a bovine specific ELISA. Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp tests were performed at the end of the dry period to measure peripheral tissue insulin response. Insulin dose response curves were established for both glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Regression analysis revealed that the serum concentrations of adiponectin dropped at the end of the dry period (P < 0.05) and were negatively associated with BCS (P < 0.05). At the level of the glucose metabolism, serum concentrations of adiponectin were positively correlated with insulin responsiveness (reflecting the maximal effect of insulin; r = 0.76, P < 0.05), but not with insulin sensitivity (reflecting the insulin concentration needed to achieve halfmaximal effect; r = -0.54, P = 0.13). At the level of the fatty acid metabolism, greater adiponectin concentrations were negatively correlated with lower NEFA levels during the HEC test reflecting the insulin responsiveness of the NEFA metabolism (r = -0.61, P = 0.08), whereas there was no association with the insulin sensitivity of the NEFA metabolism (r = -0.16, P = 0.67). In conclusion, serum concentrations of adiponectin were negatively associated with the BCS of dairy cows during the dry period and positively associated with insulin responsiveness of the glucose and fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J De Koster
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - C Urh
- Institute for Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Hostens
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - W Van den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - H Sauerwein
- Institute for Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - G Opsomer
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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De Koster J, Van Eetvelde M, Hermans K, Van den Broeck W, Hostens M, Opsomer G. Short communication: Limitations of glucose tolerance tests in the assessment of peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity during pregnancy and lactation in dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:2381-2387. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Ververs C, Hostens M, van Zijll Langhout M, Otto M, Govaere J, Van Soom A. 109 REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS IN A LARGE HERD OF CONFINED FREE-ROAMING WHITE RHINOCEROSES (CERATOTHERIUM SIMUM). Reprod Fertil Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv29n1ab109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, the population of wild white rhinoceroses has been in steady decline, mainly because of increased poaching incidents and habitat loss. Therefore, more data are necessary on reproduction of this endangered species in order to improve captive breeding, which is at present not very successful. Currently, ~20,000 Southern white rhinoceroses are remaining of which the majority are privately owned. The aim of this study was to create reference values of several reproductive parameters for future white rhinoceros breeding. In previous studies, only low numbers of animals have been observed, often in captive settings. In this study performed between 2008 and 2016, reproductive performance was analysed in 1300 animals kept in a geographically identical, confined free-roaming environment. Analyses were performed in R (R Development Core Team, 2008) using the lme4 and fixed package to model the number of animals born (family = Poisson) and sex ratio (family = binomial). Females had a median age of 83.2 months at first calving (interquartile range: 72.9–110.7) and intercalving intervals of 29.2 (interquartile range: 24.6–34.8) months. Fertility records were excellent with 38% adult females calving per year when compared to previous research, in which first reproduction occurred between 78 and 138 months of age with an intercalving period of 3 years average. A clear seasonal calving pattern was seen with a significant increase of calvings during December–April when compared to April–December. In contrast to the Trivers-Willard hypothesis, our results did not show any significant skewed progeny sex ratios. Weather observations showed no significant influence of rain or season on sex ratios of the calves. Furthermore, translocations of animals did not seem to interfere with reproductive success when looking at intercalving periods or age at first calving. In the free roaming environment of over 10,000 ha, this captive population showed an average annual population growth (%) of 18 ± 0.07 (minimum 5 to maximum 26). As such, comparable breeding management systems can increase population numbers and contribute to increase dwindling population numbers of the wild white rhinoceros. This is the first study to describe reproductive performances in the white rhinoceros at such large scale, indicating that confined free-roaming populations can be used for captive breeding of white rhinoceros to contribute to white rhinoceros conservation.
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Bogado Pascottini O, Hostens M, Sys P, Vercauteren P, Opsomer G. Cytological endometritis at artificial insemination in dairy cows: Prevalence and effect on pregnancy outcome. J Dairy Sci 2016; 100:588-597. [PMID: 27865501 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aims of our field study in dairy cows were (1) to consolidate cytotape (CT) as a valid technique to diagnose cytological endometritis (CYTO) during artificial insemination (AI); (2) to establish a cutoff point concerning the polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) proportion to diagnose CYTO at AI; (3) to assess the prevalence of CYTO at AI; and (4) to evaluate the effect of CYTO on the pregnancy outcome of that AI. The investigation was performed using 1,625 AI-CT samples harvested from 873 Holstein-Friesian cows from 18 dairy farms in the Flemish region of Belgium. The CT device consisted of adapting a 1.5-cm piece of paper tape on the top of a conventional AI catheter covered with a double guard sheet, allowing an endometrial cytology sample to be taken when performing an AI. A receiving operator characteristic curve was built to assess the threshold level above which the PMN proportion significantly affected the AI success. Multilevel generalized mixed-effect models were built to identify factors affecting the pregnancy outcome of the AI under investigation. Only 7 samples (0.4%) harvested in 5 cows were discarded because of low-quality parameters. The cutoff point for CYTO at AI was set at ≥1% PMN (sensitivity=33.8%, specificity=88.6%). Prevalence of CYTO at AI was 27.8%. The conception rate for CYTO-positive samples was 32.7%, whereas it was 47% for CYTO-negative samples. A CYTO-negative AI had 1.8 [odds ratio (OR)] more chances to become pregnant than a CYTO-positive one. Other factors identified as detrimental for the pregnancy outcome were body condition score ≤1.5 (OR=0.6), relative 305-d milk yield (OR=0.9), dystocia (OR=0.3), parity ≥2 (OR=0.7), and warm months of the year. In conclusion, CT is a consolidated technique to diagnose CYTO at AI, PMN 1% is the threshold level to diagnose CYTO at AI, around one-quarter of inseminated uteri suffer from CYTO, and affected uteri having a significantly lower chance to become pregnant from that insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bogado Pascottini
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium.
| | - M Hostens
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - P Sys
- CRV Holding BV, Van Thorenburghlaan 14, Oosterzele 9860, Belgium
| | - P Vercauteren
- CRV Holding BV, Van Thorenburghlaan 14, Oosterzele 9860, Belgium
| | - G Opsomer
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
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De Koster J, Hostens M, Hermans K, Van den Broeck W, Opsomer G. Validation of different measures of insulin sensitivity of glucose metabolism in dairy cows using the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp test as the gold standard. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2016; 57:117-26. [PMID: 27565238 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present research was to compare different measures of insulin sensitivity in dairy cows at the end of the dry period. To do so, 10 clinically healthy dairy cows with a varying body condition score were selected. By performing hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (HEC) tests, we previously demonstrated a negative association between the insulin sensitivity and insulin responsiveness of glucose metabolism and the body condition score of these animals. In the same animals, other measures of insulin sensitivity were determined and the correlation with the HEC test, which is considered as the gold standard, was calculated. Measures derived from the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) are based on the disappearance of glucose after an intravenous glucose bolus. Glucose concentrations during the IVGTT were used to calculate the area under the curve of glucose and the clearance rate of glucose. In addition, glucose and insulin data from the IVGTT were fitted in the minimal model to derive the insulin sensitivity parameter, Si. Based on blood samples taken before the start of the IVGTT, basal concentrations of glucose, insulin, NEFA, and β-hydroxybutyrate were determined and used to calculate surrogate indices for insulin sensitivity, such as the homeostasis model of insulin resistance, the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, the revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index and the revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index including β-hydroxybutyrate. Correlation analysis revealed no association between the results obtained by the HEC test and any of the surrogate indices for insulin sensitivity. For the measures derived from the IVGTT, the area under the curve for the first 60 min of the test and the Si derived from the minimal model demonstrated good correlation with the gold standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- J De Koster
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - M Hostens
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - K Hermans
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - W Van den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - G Opsomer
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Pascottini OB, Hostens M, Dini P, Van Eetvelde M, Vercauteren P, Opsomer G. Prevalence of cytological endometritis and effect on pregnancy outcomes at the time of insemination in nulliparous dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:9051-9056. [PMID: 27592429 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to assess the prevalence of cytological endometritis (CYTO) at the time of artificial insemination (AI) and its effect on pregnancy outcomes in nulliparous dairy heifers. In total, 512 endometrial cytology samples were taken during AI from 351 nulliparous Holstein-Friesian heifers using cytotape (a 1.5-cm piece of paper tape rolled on the top of an AI catheter covered with a double guard sheet). After sampling, the top of the AI catheter was gently rolled onto a glass slide, air-dried, and stained using Diff-Quick (Fisher Diagnostics, Newark, DE). For each slide, 300 nucleated cells were counted, and the polymorphonuclear cell ratio (% PMN) was assessed at 400× magnification. We constructed a receiver operating characteristic curve to find the cutoff point at which sensitivity and specificity (% PMN) affected pregnancy outcomes. The receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that the threshold level for diagnosing CYTO in nulliparous dairy heifers was 1% PMN. An insemination was considered successful when pregnancy was confirmed by rectal palpation at least 45d post-AI. Heifers were considered not pregnant when they received a subsequent insemination or were diagnosed empty by rectal palpation. We built multilevel generalized mixed-effect models to test factors affecting pregnancy outcomes and the occurrence of CYTO at AI. We excluded 16 samples harvested from 12 heifers due to poor sample quality or unavailability of reproductive data. Of the 496 AI samples, the prevalence of CYTO at AI was 7.86% (n=39). The conception rate was 62.8% (n=287) in CYTO-negative samples (n=457) and 38.46% (n=15) in CYTO-positive samples. Risk factors for non-pregnancy were a previous AI (odds ratio 2.96; 95% confidence interval: 1.21-7.26) and the interaction between CYTO and previous AI. The only risk factor identified as being associated with the occurrence of CYTO was a previous AI (odds ratio 4.7; 95% confidence interval: 2.15-10.34). The performance of unsuccessful inseminations significantly affects reproductive outcomes in subsequent AI and may lead to CYTO in nulliparous dairy heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bogado Pascottini
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium.
| | - M Hostens
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - P Dini
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - M Van Eetvelde
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - P Vercauteren
- CRV Holding BV, Van Thorenburghlaan 14, 9860 Oosterzele, Belgium
| | - G Opsomer
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
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Bogado Pascottini O, Hostens M, Dini P, Vandepitte J, Ducatelle R, Opsomer G. Distribution of inflammation and association between active and chronic alterations within the endometrium of dairy cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:751-7. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Bogado Pascottini
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - M Hostens
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - P Dini
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - J Vandepitte
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - R Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - G Opsomer
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
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Dini P, Bogado O, Hostens M, Daels P. Holding Equine Oocytes in Syngro® Embryo Holding Medium at 4°C. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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De Koster J, Van den Broeck W, Hulpio L, Claeys E, Van Eetvelde M, Hermans K, Hostens M, Fievez V, Opsomer G. Influence of adipocyte size and adipose depot on the in vitro lipolytic activity and insulin sensitivity of adipose tissue in dairy cows at the end of the dry period. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:2319-2328. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Meganck V, Goddeeris BM, De Campeneere S, Hostens M, Van Eetvelde M, Piepers S, Cox E, Opsomer G. Effect of β-hydroxybutyric acid, parity, and body condition score on phenotype and proliferative capacity of colostral mononuclear leukocytes of high-yielding dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:6782-91. [PMID: 26233460 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In neonatal calves, the ingestion of colostrum is imperative for preventing infectious diseases. Investigations into the transfer of passive immunity of cattle have primarily focused on the importance of colostral immunoglobulins, with a recent increase in focus on understanding the role of colostral leukocytes. The main objective of the present study was to measure the influence of parity, body condition score, serum nonesterified fatty acids, and serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations of periparturient cows on phenotype and mitogen- and antigen-induced proliferative capacity of bovine colostral leukocytes. Holstein-Friesian cows (n=141) were intramuscularly vaccinated at 60 and 30 d before the expected parturition date with a tetanus toxoid vaccine. Of these 141 animals, 28 primiparous and 72 multiparous cows were sampled immediately after parturition. Colostrum mononuclear cell populations were identified by flow cytometry using bovine cluster of differentiation markers, and the proliferative capacity of these cells was determined using a (3)H-thymidine proliferation assay. Under-conditioned cows had a significantly higher percentage of colostral macrophages than normal-conditioned animals, whereas over-conditioned cows had significantly more colostral B-lymphocytes. Serum β-hydroxybutyrate was significantly associated with higher numbers of colostral T-lymphocytes and macrophages. Heifers had significantly higher mitogen- and antigen-induced proliferation of their colostral leukocytes than third parity or older cows. In conclusion, body condition score, parity, and serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentration of periparturient high-yielding dairy cows were shown to influence the number of colostral macrophages or the mitogen- and antigen-induced proliferation of colostral leukocytes, possibly influencing the cellular immunity of the newborn calf.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Meganck
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, University of Ghent, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - B M Goddeeris
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Immunology, University of Ghent, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - S De Campeneere
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Animal Sciences Unit, ILVO, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - M Hostens
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, University of Ghent, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M Van Eetvelde
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, University of Ghent, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S Piepers
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, University of Ghent, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - E Cox
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Immunology, University of Ghent, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - G Opsomer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, University of Ghent, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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De Koster J, Hostens M, Van Eetvelde M, Hermans K, Moerman S, Bogaert H, Depreester E, Van den Broeck W, Opsomer G. Insulin response of the glucose and fatty acid metabolism in dry dairy cows across a range of body condition scores. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:4580-92. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Dini P, Farhoodi M, Hostens M, Van Eetvelde M, Pascottini OB, Fazeli M, Opsomer G. Effect of uterine lavage on neutrophil counts in postpartum dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 158:25-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Cools S, Van den Broeck W, Bossaert P, Hostens M, Opsomer G. A field study to unravel factors that are significantly associated with the secretory activity of the corpus luteum during the first three postpartum cycles in high yielding dairy cows, based on the amount of steroidogenic and endothelial cells present in the luteal tissue. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:881-93. [PMID: 25147002 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen multi- and eight primiparous high-yielding dairy cows were followed from the first till the fourth ovulation postpartum. Cows were randomly divided into two groups and supplemented with soybean (group I; n = 11) or rapeseed meal (group II; n = 11). Both groups were subjected to a biopsy sampling of the corpus luteum (CL) at cycle day 9. The luteal capillary network (visualized by Bandeiraea simplicifolia) was denser in cycles 2 and 3 (p = 0.0005). The same was seen for the surface occupied by steroidogenic cells (visualized by 3β-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase) (p = 0.0001). The peripheral blood progesterone concentration showed an increasing trend with increasing cycle number and was higher in primiparous cows (p = 0.013), which had also larger glands on cycle day 9. The area occupied by endothelial cells was positively correlated with the area occupied by steroidogenic cells (r = 0.59; p < 0.0001). Both the areas occupied by endothelial and by steroidogenic cells were negatively correlated with the blood concentration of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) (respectively, r = -0.377; p = 0.004 and r = -0.355; p = 0.007). We can conclude that primiparous cows generally have higher peripheral progesterone levels during the first three cycles after calving which is associated with a larger CL. In comparison with those of the first post-partum cycle, corpora lutea of cycles 2 and 3 have a denser capillary network and a larger area of steroidogenic cells, while these are only associated with a trend of higher peripheral progesterone concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cools
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Kamal M, Van Eetvelde M, Depreester E, Hostens M, Vandaele L, Opsomer G. Age at calving in heifers and level of milk production during gestation in cows are associated with the birth size of Holstein calves. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:5448-58. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-7898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Depreester E, Kamal MM, Van Eetvelde M, Hostens M, Opsomer G. Maternale en omgevingsfactoren die significant geassocieerd zijn met het geboortegewicht van holsteinkalveren. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2014. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.v83i1.16670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In deze studie werden de factoren onderzocht die significant geassocieerd zijn met het geboortegewicht van een holsteinkalf. De hier beschreven retrospectieve dwarsdoorsnedestudie bij 1594 holstein-friesiankalveren en hun moederdieren werd van 2011 tot 2013 uitgevoerd op vier melkveebedrijven in België en één in Duitsland. Bij de primipare moederdieren hadden het geslacht van het kalf, de drachtduur, het afkalfseizoen, de afkalfleeftijd en de grootte van het moederdier bij het afkalven (borstomtrek, schofthoogte, diagonale lengte) een significante invloed op het geboortegewicht (GG). Het GG was significant lager bij vaarzen die op zeer oude leeftijd afkalfden (25,5-37,3 maanden) (P < 0,001). Bij het afkalven tussen 22 en 23,5 maanden was het GG hoger dan bij vaarzen die tussen 20,3 en 22 maanden of tussen 23,3 en 25,5 maanden afkalfden (P<0,001). Bij de multipare moederdieren hadden het geslacht, het afkalfseizoen, de drachtduur, de pariteit, de lengte van de droogstand en de melkproductie tijdens de dracht (MDRACHT) een significante invloed op het GG (P < 0,001). Het GG van kalveren was respectievelijk 0,97 en 1,11 kg zwaarder bij koeien met een lage (1.400 tot < 5.400 kg) en een hoge (6.500 tot < 7.200 kg) MDRACHT dan bij koeien met een zeer hoge (7.200 tot < 11.600 kg) MDRACHT. De negatieve invloed van een vroege of late eerste partus bij vaarzen en van de zeer hoge melkproductie tijdens de dracht bij koeien op het geboortegewicht kan de basis zijn voor verder onderzoek naar de invloed van nutritionele en andere maatregelen tijdens de dracht op de productie en gezondheid van de nakomelingen op lange termijn.
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Cools S, Van den Broeck W, Vanhaecke L, Heyerick A, Bossaert P, Hostens M, Opsomer G. Feeding soybean meal increases the blood level of isoflavones and reduces the steroidogenic capacity in bovine corpora lutea, without affecting peripheral progesterone concentrations. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 144:79-89. [PMID: 24439022 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-three Holstein-Friesian cows were followed from 14 days pre partum until the fourth ovulation post partum. Housing conditions and basic ration were identical for all animals. Concentrates were individually supplemented according to the daily milk production level, using two different types of protein rich concentrates: soybean meal and rapeseed meal. Soybean and rapeseed meal are known to be respectively high and low in isoflavones. Cows were randomly divided into three groups and blocked for parity. Group I (n=11) was supplemented with soybean meal and acted as control group. Groups II (n=11) and III (n=11) were respectively supplemented with soybean and rapeseed meal and were subjected to a biopsy sampling of the corpus luteum at day 9 of the first three postpartal estrous cycles. Soybean meal supplementation to lactating dairy cows (1.72 kg on average) induced an increase in the blood concentration of equol, dihydrodaidzein, o-desmethylangolensin in both soy groups and resulted in a reduced area occupied by steroidogenic (P=0.012) and endothelial cells (P=0.0007) in the luteal biopsies. Blood concentrations of equol and glycitein were negatively correlated with the areas occupied by steroidogenic (r=-0.410 with P=0.0002, respectively r=-0.351 with P=0.008) and endothelial cells (r=-0.337 with P=0.01, respectively r=-0.233 with P=0.085) in the 3 first estrous cycles. The latter however did not affect the diestrous peripheral blood progesterone concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cools
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - W Van den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - L Vanhaecke
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - A Heyerick
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - P Bossaert
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp University, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - M Hostens
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - G Opsomer
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Hostens M, Fievez V, Leroy J, van de Burgwal E, Van Ranst B, Vlaeminck B, Opsomer G. Milk fat saturation and reproductive performance in dairy cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 141:116-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cools S, Van den Broeck W, De Vliegher S, Piepers S, Hostens M, Opsomer G. Topographic Distribution of the Different Cell Types, Connective Tissue and Vascular Tissue/Lumina Within a Functional Bovine Corpus Luteum and its Association with Breed, Type of Fixation Protocol and Stage During the Cycle. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 48:627-35. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Cools
- Department of Reproduction; Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke; Belgium
| | - W Van den Broeck
- Department of Morphology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke; Belgium
| | - S De Vliegher
- Department of Reproduction; Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke; Belgium
| | - S Piepers
- Department of Reproduction; Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke; Belgium
| | - M Hostens
- Department of Reproduction; Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke; Belgium
| | - G Opsomer
- Department of Reproduction; Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke; Belgium
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Hostens M, Ehrlich J, Van Ranst B, Opsomer G. On-farm evaluation of the effect of metabolic diseases on the shape of the lactation curve in dairy cows through the MilkBot lactation model. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:2988-3007. [PMID: 22612936 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of metabolic diseases (MD) occurring during the transition period on milk production of dairy cows have been evaluated in many different ways, often with conflicting conclusions. The present study used a fitted lactation model to analyze specific aspects of lactation curve shape and magnitude in cows that avoided culling or death in the first 120 d in milk (DIM). Production and health records of 1,946 lactations in a 1-yr follow-up study design were collected from a transition management facility in Germany to evaluate both short- and long-term effects of MD on milk production. Milk production data were fitted with the nonlinear MilkBot lactation model, and health records were used to classify cows as healthy (H), affected by one MD (MD), or by multiple MD (MD+). The final data set contained 1,071 H, 348 MD, and 136 MD+ cows, with distinct incidences of 3.7% twinning, 4.8% milk fever, 3.6% retained placenta, 15.4% metritis, 8.3% ketosis, 2.0% displaced abomasum, and 3.7% mastitis in the first 30 DIM. The model containing all healthy and diseased cows showed that lactations classified as H had milk production that increased faster (lower ramp) and also declined faster (lower persistence) compared with cows that encountered one or more metabolic problems. The level of production (scale) was only lowered in MD+ cows compared with H and MD cows. Although the shape of the lactation curve changed when cows encounter uncomplicated (single) MD or complicated MD (more than one MD), the slower increase to a lower peak seemed to be compensated for by greater persistency, resulting in the overall 305-d milk production only being lowered in MD+ cows. In the individual disease models, specific changes in the shape of the lactation curve were found for all MD except twinning. Milk fever, retained placenta, ketosis, and mastitis mainly affected the lactation curve when accompanied by another MD, whereas metritis and displaced abomasum affected the lactation curve equally with or without another MD. Overall, 305-d milk production was decreased in complicated metritis (10,603 ± 50 kg vs. 10,114 ± 172 kg). Although care should be taken in generalizing conclusions from a highly specialized transition management facility, the current study demonstrated that lactation curve analysis may contribute substantially to the evaluation of both short- and long-term effects of metabolic diseases on milk production by detecting changes in the distribution of production that are not apparent when only totals are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hostens
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Hostens M, Fievez V, Leroy J, Van Ranst J, Vlaeminck B, Opsomer G. The fatty acid profile of subcutaneous and abdominal fat in dairy cows with left displacement of the abomasum. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:3756-65. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-5092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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van Knegsel A, Hostens M, de Vries Reilingh G, Lammers A, Kemp B, Opsomer G, Parmentier H. Natural antibodies related to metabolic and mammary health in dairy cows. Prev Vet Med 2012; 103:287-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Wullepit N, Hostens M, Ginneberge C, Fievez V, Opsomer G, Fremaut D, De Smet S. Influence of a marine algae supplementation on the oxidative status of plasma in dairy cows during the periparturient period. Prev Vet Med 2012; 103:298-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Hostens M, Fievez V, Vlaeminck B, Buyse J, Leroy J, Piepers S, De Vliegher S, Opsomer G. The effect of marine algae in the ration of high-yielding dairy cows during transition on metabolic parameters in serum and follicular fluid around parturition. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:4603-15. [PMID: 21854933 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen Holstein cows were assigned to 2 groups to evaluate the caloric and metabolic effect of feeding marine algae (ALG) from 3 wk prepartum until 12 wk postpartum. Milk production characteristics and the profiles of hormones and metabolites in the serum were monitored from -7 to 46 d in milk (DIM) and in follicular fluid (FF) from 14 to 46 DIM. All cows received a corn- and grass silage-based partially mixed ration supplemented with concentrate and protein supplement. In the diet of the ALG group, 2 kg of the concentrate was replaced by a concentrate containing ALG (44 g/d of docosahexaenoic acid). Diets were isocaloric (net energy basis) and equal in intestinal digestible protein. The ALG diet increased milk yield (41.2 vs. 38.2 kg/d) and decreased milk fat yield (1.181 vs. 1.493 kg/d) and milk fat content (31.6 vs. 40.7 g/kg). Protein yield (1.336 vs. 1.301 kg/d) was not affected but a tendency toward decreased milk protein content (32.8 vs. 34.7 g/kg) was observed. Marine algae supplementation increased the β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentration in FF of the ALG cows compared with that in the controls (0.992 vs. 0.718 mmol/L). The total protein concentration in FF was decreased in ALG (62.9 vs. 67.6 g/L). Plasma and serum metabolites did not significantly differ between treatments except for a tendency toward a lower concentration of urea in the serum of the control compared with ALG (4.69 vs. 5.13 mmol/L). Based on metabolizable energy calculations, a daily energy-sparing effect of 3.48 Mcal was obtained due to milk fat depression (MFD). The concomitant increase in milk yield suggests that at least part of this spared energy is used to stimulate milk production. Theoretically, 3.48 Mcal of ME could lead to an increase in milk yield of 7.43 kg/d, which is higher than the observed 3 kg/d. However, when evaluating nutrient requirements during MFD in early lactation, we calculated that increased milk production is caused by a propionate-saving effect of 2.71 mol in the udder when milk fat is depressed. Concurrent increased BHBA concentrations in FF in the ALG group cannot be attributed to a worsened energy status of the animals because all other indicators contradict any change in energy balance, indicating that BHBA might not be an appropriate metabolic parameter to estimate the energy balance in early lactating dairy cows during MFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hostens
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Dehkordi SK, Vlaeminck B, Hostens M, Opsomer G, Fievez V. In vitro rumen biohydrogenation of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid in a lipid-encapsulated (LE-CLA) supplement incorporated or not in a processing pellet. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2008; 73:119-122. [PMID: 18831256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S K Dehkordi
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Ghent University, Proefhoevestraat 10, BE-9090 Melle, Belgium
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