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Ciaputa R, Nowak M, Dzimira S, Brambilla E, Kandefer-Gola M, Tomaszek A, Popiel-Kopaczyk A, Dzięgiel P, Grieco V. Study on the expression of testin in the testes of dogs. J Vet Res 2023; 67:627-633. [PMID: 38130450 PMCID: PMC10730544 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Testin is a protein involved in cell mobility, adhesion and colony formation. In rats, testin presence has been reported in the testes, and its possible role in spermatogenesis has been suggested. Studies in humans also suggest a possible role of testin as a cancer suppressor protein. In the dog, which represents both an important pet species and a good animal model for studying biological and pathological testicular processes, the presence of testin has never been reported. Material and Methods In the present study, the expression of testin in foetal, prepubertal, adult and aged canine testes was investigated. Testes from 5 adult and 3 aged dogs, from 2 one-month-old puppies and from 2 foetuses miscarried at the end of pregnancy were immunohistochemically examined with a commercial antibody against testin. Results Testin was intensely expressed in Sertoli cells in every testis examined. Spermatids were also positive for testin in mature dogs and in the testicular areas of the aged ones which were not atrophic. Weak expression of testin was also detected in all testes examined. Conclusion The present study, the first demonstrating the presence of testin in canine testes, provides the basis for further dog-human comparative research and for studies on the role of this protein in canine physiology, reproduction and testicular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Ciaputa
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Veterinary Forensics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Nowak
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Veterinary Forensics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375Wrocław, Poland
| | - Stanisław Dzimira
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Veterinary Forensics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375Wrocław, Poland
| | - Eleonora Brambilla
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, 26900Lodi, Italy
| | - Małgorzata Kandefer-Gola
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Veterinary Forensics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375Wrocław, Poland
| | - Alicja Tomaszek
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathomorphology and Veterinary Forensics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aneta Popiel-Kopaczyk
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-368Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-368Wrocław, Poland
| | - Valeria Grieco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, 26900Lodi, Italy
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Prapaiwan N, Manee-In S, Thanawongnuwech R, Srisuwatanasagul S. Anti-Müllerian hormone levels in serum and testes of male dogs: relations with neuter status and bilateral abdominal cryptorchidism. Theriogenology 2023; 208:171-177. [PMID: 37352559 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) analysis has contributed to new information in the reproductive endocrinology of domestic animals, due to clinically available diagnostic tools. An accurate and rapid diagnostic method to distinguish between neutered and bilateral abdominal cryptorchid dogs is needed in veterinary practice. Therefore, this study uses an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the clinical relevance of AMH analysis in peripheral blood as a diagnostic tool for dogs with suspected bilateral abdominal cryptorchidism. The possible alteration of the AMH localization in testicular tissue caused by this pathologic condition was also investigated using immunohistochemistry. Male dogs were divided into three groups of healthy intact (n = 14), healthy castrated (n = 14), and bilateral abdominal cryptorchid (n = 14) dogs. The results demonstrated a higher level of serum AMH in the cryptorchid group compared to the intact group (P < 0.01), while serum AMH levels of all castrated dogs were below the limit of detection (<0.05 ng/mL). Moreover, the percentage of positive AMH immunostaining of the intact group was less than that of the cryptorchid group (P < 0.01). A significantly positive correlation was found between serum AMH concentration and localization in testicular tissues (r = 0.93, P < 0.01). Our findings suggest that AMH levels in the peripheral blood could be used as an alternative and rapid screening method for detecting dogs with abdominal cryptorchidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Prapaiwan
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - S Manee-In
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - R Thanawongnuwech
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - S Srisuwatanasagul
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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3
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Pizzi G, Groppetti D, Brambilla E, Pecile A, Grieco V, Lecchi C. MicroRNA as epigenetic regulators of canine cryptorchidism. Res Vet Sci 2023; 162:104961. [PMID: 37487386 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Cryptorchidism, the failed descent of one or both testes into the scrotum, is a common developmental disorder in male dogs. Cryptorchidism may affect canine fertility, reducing the quality of the semen, and may promote spermatic cord torsion and onset of neoplasia. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are epigenetic regulators of gene expression and their dysregulation is associated with disorders of spermatogenesis and testis neoplasia. The present study aimed at investigating the expression of miRNAs in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) canine retained testes and testes affected by seminoma, and at integrating miRNAs to their target genes. Forty testicular FFPE specimens from 30 dogs were included - 10 scrotal and 10 contralateral retained from 10 unilateral cryptorchid dogs; 10 tumoral testes affected by seminoma from non-cryptorchid dogs; 10 scrotal normal testes from non-cryptorchid dogs included as the control. The expression level of three miRNAs, namely miR-302c-3p, miR-302a-3p, and miR-371-3p, associated with testicular disorders, were quantified using RT-qPCR. The comparative analysis demonstrated that the level of miR-302a-3p and miR-371a-3p were quantifiable exclusively in control testes. The expression level of miR-302c-3p was higher in the control than in the other groups; its expression decreased in retained testes compared to scrotal testes and testes with seminoma. Gene Ontology analysis pointed out that these miRNAs may be involved in the modulation of estrogen and thyroid hormone signaling pathways. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that miRNAs are dysregulated in canine cryptorchid and seminoma-affected testes compared to control tissues, confirming the pivotal role of miRNAs in cryptorchidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pizzi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi 26900, Italy
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4
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Hsiao ZH, Li L, Yu X, Yin L. Characterization of primary canine Sertoli cells as a model to test male reproductive toxicant. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 84:105452. [PMID: 35931286 PMCID: PMC10351342 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sertoli cells play critical roles in regulating spermatogenesis and testis development by providing structural and nutritional support. This study aimed to develop a standard protocol for canine Sertoli cell isolation and culture; and characterize its biological features, functionality, and application of compound toxicity testing. Canine testicles were received from the neuter clinic, and three-step of enzymatic digestion was applied to isolate Sertoli cells. We characterized the growth and purity of Sertoli cells with the expression of SOX9, GATA4, and Clusterin. In addition, we selected cadmium as a model toxicant to evaluate the toxic responses in the newly established Sertoli cells using High-content Analysis (HCA). With our optimized protocol, the purity of isolated Sertoli cells was above 95%, as determined with Sertoli cell-specific protein markers of SOX9 and GATA4. More importantly, primary Sertoli cell populations could be expanded rapidly in vitro, passaged (up to seven), and cryopreserved. The HCA-based assay revealed that cadmium at 1 μM induced both disruptions of cytoskeletal and DNA damage responses. Furthermore, we established an HCA assay with the newly isolated and optimized culture of canine Sertoli cells to evaluate the epigenetic markers of histone modification. We found cadmium-induced differential changes in histone modifications H3Me3K9, H3Me3K36, H4Me3K20, and H4acK5. In summary, we have established the standardized protocol to produce canine Sertoli cells with Sertoli cell-specific phenotype. The isolation and expansion of large quantities of canine Sertoli cells will provide broad applications in studying male infertility, reproductive toxicology, testicular cancer, and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoey Hsuan Hsiao
- Reprotox Biotech LLC, 800 Bradbury, Drive, SE, Science &Technology Park, Albuquerque, NM 87106, United States of America
| | - Lu Li
- Reprotox Biotech LLC, 800 Bradbury, Drive, SE, Science &Technology Park, Albuquerque, NM 87106, United States of America
| | - Xiaozhong Yu
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Lei Yin
- Reprotox Biotech LLC, 800 Bradbury, Drive, SE, Science &Technology Park, Albuquerque, NM 87106, United States of America.
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5
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Pecile A, Groppetti D, Pizzi G, Banco B, Bronzo V, Giudice C, Grieco V. Immunohistochemical insights into a hidden pathology: Canine cryptorchidism. Theriogenology 2021; 176:43-53. [PMID: 34571397 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cryptorchidism is a common disorder in the canine population with some aspects still unclear. Although the bilateral condition is known to lead to fertility problems and predisposition to testicular cancer, the neoplastic risk for scrotal testis in unilateral cryptorchid dog is controversial. Therefore, the therapeutic approach to the canine unilateral cryptorchid is arbitrary so far. This study aimed to investigate precancerous testicular lesions, such as immaturity and atrophy, and compare them in scrotal and undescended testes using an in-depth diagnostic analysis based on immunophenotypic patterns. With this purpose, 26 adult male dogs of different ages and breeds, affected by unilateral or bilateral cryptorchidism were enrolled. After surgical removal, testes were examined immunohistochemically to assess their positivity for specific markers of the canine foetal/neonatal period, that is vimentin (VIM), cytokeratin (CK), desmin (DES), inhibin-α (INH), and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in Sertoli cells, and placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) in germ cells. Except for the ubiquitous VIM, all the markers were more expressed in neoplastic gonads compared to healthy ones (P < 0.05). Similarly, testes detected with Sertoli cell-only tubules as well as with Sertoli cells hyperplasia showed higher expression than gonads without such alterations for CK, DES, AMH and PLAP, and for CK and DES, respectively (P < 0.05). The same trend was observed in undescended respect to scrotal testes even though their positivity was significant only for DES, INH and AMH (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical positivity found in scrotal testes of unilateral cryptorchid dogs, even in absence of detectable anatomical abnormalities, was suggestive of precancerous lesions. Despite the limited sample size, this study could help to clarify the predisposition to neoplastic development in normally descended testes. These markers expression in adult life could allow identifying the early stages of the testicular carcinogenesis process besides suggesting a precautionary bilateral surgical approach in unilateral cryptorchid dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pecile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Debora Groppetti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
| | - Giulia Pizzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Barbara Banco
- Laboratorio di Analisi Veterinarie MYLAV - LA VALLONEA, via Sirtori 9, 20017, Passirana di Rho, MI, Italy
| | - Valerio Bronzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Chiara Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Valeria Grieco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
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6
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Environmental chemicals in dog testes reflect their geographical source and may be associated with altered pathology. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7361. [PMID: 33795811 PMCID: PMC8016893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans and dogs, a temporal decline in semen quality and increased incidence of testicular cancer is hypothesised to be associated with exposure to anthropogenic chemicals, particularly during fetal development. Human studies suggest that differential exposures to environmental chemicals may be associated with geographical differences in male reproductive health. Here we investigate testicular chemical profiles and pathologies in dogs residing in the UK [West Midlands (WM), East Midlands (EM), South East (SE)], Denmark (Copenhagen) and Finland (Vantaa). Testes, surplus from routine castrations, contained region specific differences in relative concentrations of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). Relative to UK regions, testes from dogs living in Finland and Denmark had higher concentrations of PBDE and lower concentrations of DEHP and PCBs. Regional differences in the UK in PCB concentrations were also observed. Dog testes from Finland had fewer pathologies, reduced testicular area stained for Sertoli and germ cells and evidence of reduced cellular proliferation. Since the geographical differences in testis pathologies in dogs parallel reports of regional differences in human testicular cancer, we postulate that this may reflect chemical effects within the testis and that this may be related to environmental influences on male reproductive function.
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7
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Ramisz G, Turek W, Chmurska-Gasowska M, Rak A, Pietsch-Fulbiszewska A, Galuszka A, Kotula-Balak M, Tarasiuk K. Senescence and adiponectin signaling - Studies in canine testis. Ann Anat 2020; 234:151606. [PMID: 33096233 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The meaning of senescence for tissue physiological and pathological conditions is poorly known. Based on initial reports especially proteins and mechanisms that regulate this process are necessary to be determinate. METHODS The main aim of the study was to investigate the presence of senescent cells in canine testicular tissue (mixed breed testes; n = 60) in relation to adiponectin signaling. In detail, new information on the senescence cell number, as well as senescence and adiponectin signaling mechanisms in cryptorchid and germ cell tumor testes were provided with the use of immunohistochemical and colorimetric analyses. RESULTS Comparison of immunohistochemical results, in cryptorchid and tumor testes revealed increased number of senescent cells (p16 and γH2AX markers). Increased expression of adiponectin and adiponectin receptor 1, as well as extracellular signal-activated kinase (ERK1/2) in pathological testes were detected. In addition, decreased cholesterol and increased testosterone levels in tumor testis were found. CONCLUSION The present study is the first to demonstrate the presence as well as the differences that exist in senecent cell number in mixed breed dog testes with cryptorchidism and germ cell tumor. Altered expression of adiponectin signaling and ERK1/2 signaling pathways together with altered cholesterol and testosterone levels reflect important senescence role in disturbed functions of canine testis. Moreover, the application of studied here senescence regulating molecules for detection and prevention against pathologies of the male gonad should be furtherly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Ramisz
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wiktor Turek
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Chmurska-Gasowska
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rak
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pietsch-Fulbiszewska
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Galuszka
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kotula-Balak
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Kazimierz Tarasiuk
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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8
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Companion animals get close to the toxic aspects of antropogenic world: cytotoxicity of phthalates and bisphenol A on dog testicular primary cells. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:629-638. [PMID: 32435861 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates, which are among the most abundant plasticizers, have detrimental effects on the reproductive system. Similar to human, dogs are prominently exposed to phthalates in daily routines at low concentrations; while toys, training devices and commercial dog foods are considered as the primary sources of exposure. This study aimed to reveal and compare the cytotoxic effects of selected phthalates (Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), Diethyl phthalate (DEP), Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), Di-'isobutyl' phthalate (DIBP), Di-'isodecyl' phthalate (-DIDP) Di-'isononyl' phthalate (DINP), Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), Di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP)), and Bisphenol A (BPA) following 24 h exposure on primary testicular parenchymal cells of dog in vitro at concentrations between 0.001 and 2.5 nM. According to cytotoxicity results, DEHP was found to be the most toxic phthalate with IC50 at 22.53 µM; while DMP was the least (169.17 nM). IC50 of BPA was 161.81 nM, less than the average (61.95 nM) of phthalates. In addition, dog primary testicular cells were found more susceptible to the high molecular weight phthalates (DNOP, DEHP, DINP, DIDP) than low molecular weight phthalates (DMP, DEP, DIBP, BBP). Further studies should focus on morphological, physiological and molecular differences to comprehend the mechanisms involved as well as decreasing the risk for impaired spermatogenesis caused by environmental toxicants in companion animal medicine.
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Banco B, Grilli G, Giudice C, Marques AT, Cotti Cometti S, Visigalli G, Grieco V. Immunophenotyping of Rabbit Testicular Germ and Sertoli Cells Across Maturational Stages. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 64:715-726. [PMID: 27680667 DOI: 10.1369/0022155416669918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During testicular maturation, both Sertoli cells (SCs) and germ cells (GCs) switch from an immature to a mature immunophenotype. The reexpression of markers of immaturity in adults has been reported in cancer and in other testicular pathologies, in men as well as in animal species. Naturally affected with testicular cancer, rabbits have long been used in human reproductive research, but reports on the expression of testicular cell markers in this species are few and data about the immunophenotype of normal postnatal SCs and GCs are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunophenotype of SCs and GCs in the rabbit, from neonatal to adult age, using the antibodies anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), vimentin (VIM), CKAE1/AE3 (cytokeratins [CKs]), desmin (DES), inhibin alpha (INH-α), placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. In SCs, VIM was constantly expressed, and AMH and CKs expression was limited to neonatal and prepubertal age, whereas DES, INH-α, PLAP, and PAS were constantly negative. GCs were negatively stained for PLAP, PAS, and for the other markers. Results revealed analogies with human testicular immunophenotype, suggesting that rabbits could represent a potential experimental model for the study of human testicular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Banco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (BB, GG, CG, ATM, SCC, VG)
| | - G Grilli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (BB, GG, CG, ATM, SCC, VG)
| | - C Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (BB, GG, CG, ATM, SCC, VG)
| | - A Tomas Marques
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (BB, GG, CG, ATM, SCC, VG)
| | - S Cotti Cometti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (BB, GG, CG, ATM, SCC, VG)
| | - G Visigalli
- Clinica Veterinaria Liana Blu, Varedo (MI), Italy (GV)
| | - V Grieco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (BB, GG, CG, ATM, SCC, VG)
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10
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Lea RG, Byers AS, Sumner RN, Rhind SM, Zhang Z, Freeman SL, Moxon R, Richardson HM, Green M, Craigon J, England GCW. Environmental chemicals impact dog semen quality in vitro and may be associated with a temporal decline in sperm motility and increased cryptorchidism. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31281. [PMID: 27503122 PMCID: PMC4977511 DOI: 10.1038/srep31281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse temporal trends in human semen quality and cryptorchidism in infants have been associated with exposure to environmental chemicals (ECs) during development. Here we report that a population of breeding dogs exhibit a 26 year (1988-2014) decline in sperm quality and a concurrent increased incidence of cryptorchidism in male offspring (1995-2014). A decline in the number of males born relative to the number of females was also observed. ECs, including diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and polychlorinated biphenyl 153 (PCB153), were detected in adult dog testes and commercial dog foods at concentrations reported to perturb reproductive function in other species. Testicular concentrations of DEHP and PCB153 perturbed sperm viability, motility and DNA integrity in vitro but did not affect LH stimulated testosterone secretion from adult testis explants. The direct effects of chemicals on sperm may therefore contribute to the decline in canine semen quality that parallels that reported in the human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G. Lea
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK
- School of Animal Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, UK
| | - Andrew S. Byers
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Rebecca N. Sumner
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Stewart M. Rhind
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, UK
| | - Zulin Zhang
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, UK
| | - Sarah L. Freeman
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Rachel Moxon
- National Breeding Centre, Guide Dogs for the Blind Association, UK
| | | | - Martin Green
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Jim Craigon
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, UK
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Holst BS, Dreimanis U. Anti-Müllerian hormone: a potentially useful biomarker for the diagnosis of canine Sertoli cell tumours. BMC Vet Res 2015. [PMID: 26209243 PMCID: PMC4514937 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Testicular tumours are common in dogs and in many cases do not give rise to clinical signs. In other cases, signs of feminization, hyperpigmentation or alopecia may be observed, most commonly associated with Sertoli cell tumours (SCT). Although these signs are often associated with elevated concentrations of oestradiol, analysis of oestradiol may give inconclusive results due to large variations among individuals. Other biomarkers are therefore needed. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is expressed by the Sertoli cell. In humans, AMH has been shown to be a specific marker of Sertoli cell origin in gonadal tumours. Using immunohistochemistry, AMH has been shown to be a useful marker of immature and neoplastic Sertoli cells in dogs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical relevance of AMH analysis in peripheral blood in the diagnostic workup of dogs with suspected testicular tumours. Results Blood was collected from 20 dogs with a palpable testicular mass and from 27 healthy controls. Serum was analysed for oestradiol-17β using a RIA and for AMH using an ELISA. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare hormone concentrations between different groups. All control dogs had AMH concentrations ≤ 10 ng/mL, except one outlier that had a concentration of 43 ng/mL. Six dogs with SCT or mixed tumours containing SCT had AMH concentrations higher than 22 ng/mL, significantly higher than AMH concentrations in control dogs (P = 0.0004). Concentrations between 10 and 22 ng/mL were found in about half of the dogs with non-neoplastic testicular pathologies or with testicular tumours other than SCTs. Age did not significantly affect concentrations of AMH in the control dogs. Conclusion AMH was shown to be a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of Sertoli cell tumours in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodil S Holst
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), PO Box 7054, SE- 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Centre for Reproductive Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), PO Box 7054, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ulrika Dreimanis
- Department of Small Animals, Helsingborg Referral Animal Hospital, SE-254 66, Helsingborg, Sweden.
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12
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Bartges JW, Callens AJ. Congenital Diseases of the Lower Urinary Tract. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2015; 45:703-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hohšteter M, Artuković B, Severin K, Kurilj AG, Beck A, Šoštarić-Zuckermann IC, Grabarević Ž. Canine testicular tumors: two types of seminomas can be differentiated by immunohistochemistry. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:169. [PMID: 25096628 PMCID: PMC4129470 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Testicular tumors are the most common genital neoplasms in male dogs, with Leydig cell tumors (LCT), seminomas (SEM), and Sertoli cell tumors (SCT) the most common forms. Human SEM are classified as classical (CSEM) or spermatocytic (SSEM). Intratubular germ cell neoplasia of undifferentiated origin (IGCNU) is another form of human testicular tumor. The aim of this study was to verify that CSEM/SSEM classification is valid in dogs and confirm the existence of canine IGCNU. Results Testicular tumors were found in 46% of dogs at necropsy and accounted for 7% of tumors biopsied. The median age of dogs with tumors at necropsy was 10.16 years; median age at positive biopsy was 10.24 years. The most common tumors, in decreasing order, were LCT, mixed tumors, SEM and SCT at necropsy, and SEM, SCT, mixed tumors, LCT, peripheral nerve sheath tumor, and teratoma in the biopsy group. IGCNU was found in 3% of testicles at necropsy and in 3% of biopsy samples. Two dogs had testicular tumor metastasis. Expression of c-KIT was most common in SEM and seminomatous components of mixed tumors. PLAP was mostly expressed in IGCNU, SEM, teratoma, and some mixed tumors. Cytokeratin was mainly expressed in SCT. CD30 expression was low in both groups. Conclusions The high tumor incidence at necropsy can be attributed to older age. Tumor incidence in biopsy samples, dog age, and histological classification were consistent with previous studies. The higher incidence of SEM and SCT in the biopsy group probably resulted from the obvious clinical expression of these tumor types. The low incidence of metastasis confirmed the predominance of benign tumors. Low CD30 expression confirmed the low incidence of testicular embryonal carcinoma. Cytokeratin helps differentiate stromal tumors, especially SCT, from germ cell tumors. Histology and c-KIT and PLAP expression indicate that IGCNU exists in dogs. Expression of c-KIT and PLAP confirmed that CSEM and SSEM classification is valid in dogs.
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Wooten KJ, Smith PN. Canine toys and training devices as sources of exposure to phthalates and bisphenol A: quantitation of chemicals in leachate and in vitro screening for endocrine activity. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:2245-53. [PMID: 24007620 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chewing and mouthing behaviors exhibited by pet dogs are likely to lead to oral exposures to a variety of environmental chemicals. Products intended for chewing and mouthing uses include toys and training devices that are often made of plastics. The goal of the current study was to determine if a subset of phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA), endocrine disrupting chemicals commonly found in plastics, leach out of dog toys and training devices (bumpers) into synthetic canine saliva. In vitro assays were used to screen leachates for endocrine activity. Bumper leachates were dominated by di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and BPA, with concentrations reaching low μg mL(-1) following short immersions in synthetic saliva. Simulated chewing of bumpers during immersion in synthetic saliva increased concentrations of phthalates and BPA as compared to new bumpers, while outdoor storage had variable effects on concentrations (increased DEHP; decreased BPA). Toys leached substantially lower concentrations of phthalates and BPA, with the exception of one toy which leached considerable amounts of diethyl phthalate. In vitro assays indicated anti-androgenic activity of bumper leachates, and estrogenic activity of both bumper and toy leachates. These results confirm that toys and training devices are potential sources of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals in pet dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Wooten
- The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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Bellingham M, Fiandanese N, Byers A, Cotinot C, Evans NP, Pocar P, Amezaga MR, Lea RG, Sinclair KD, Rhind SM, Fowler PA. Effects of Exposure to Environmental Chemicals During Pregnancy on the Development of the Male and Female Reproductive Axes. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47 Suppl 4:15-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Pathirana IN, Kawate N, Tsuji M, Takahashi M, Hatoya S, Inaba T, Tamada H. In vitro effects of estradiol-17β, monobutyl phthalate and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on the secretion of testosterone and insulin-like peptide 3 by interstitial cells of scrotal and retained testes in dogs. Theriogenology 2011; 76:1227-33. [PMID: 21752447 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to determine the effects of estradiol-17β, monobutyl phthalate (MBP) and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) on testosterone and insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) secretions in cultured testicular interstitial cells isolated (enzymatic dispersion) from scrotal and retained testes of small-breed dogs. Suspension cultures were treated with estradiol-17β (0, 10, and 100 ng/mL), MBP (0, 0.8, and 8 mmol/L) or MEHP (0, 0.2, and 0.8 mmol/L) for 18 h, in the presence or absence of 0.1 IU/mL hCG. Testosterone (both basal and hCG-induced) and INSL3 (basal) concentrations were measured in spent medium. Effects of estradiol-17β, MBP, and MEHP on testosterone and INSL3 secretions were not affected (P > 0.15) by cell source (scrotal versus retained testis); therefore, data were combined and analyzed, and outcomes reported as percentage relative to the control. In testicular interstitial cells, basal testosterone secretion was increased (P < 0.01) by 100 ng/mL estradiol-17β (130.2 ± 10.6% of control). Among phthalates, 0.2 and 0.8 mmol/L MEHP stimulated (P < 0.01) basal testosterone secretion (135.5 ± 8.3% and 154.6 ± 12.9%, respectively). However, hCG-induced testosterone secretion was inhibited (P < 0.01) by 8 mmol/L MBP (67.7 ± 6.0%), and tended to be inhibited (P = 0.056) by 0.8 mmol/L MEHP (84.5 ± 5.6%). Basal INSL3 secretion was inhibited (P < 0.01) by 8 mmol/L MBP (73.6 ± 6.8%) and 0.8 mmol/L MEHP (76.9 ± 11.3%). In conclusion, we inferred that estradiol-17β and certain phthalate monoesters had direct effects on secretions of testosterone and INSL3 in canine testicular interstitial cells, with no significant difference between scrotal and retained testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Pathirana
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
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Veronesi M, Riccardi E, Rota A, Grieco V. Characteristics of cryptic/ectopic and contralateral scrotal testes in dogs between 1 and 2 years of age. Theriogenology 2009; 72:969-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Grieco V, Banco B, Giudice C, Mosca F, Finazzi M. Immunohistochemical expression of the KIT protein (CD117) in normal and neoplastic canine testes. J Comp Pathol 2009; 142:213-7. [PMID: 19683721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to characterize the expression of the KIT protein (CD117) in normal and neoplastic canine testes. Archival samples of normal testis (n=5), interstitial cell tumours (ICTs; n=10), Sertoli cell tumours (SCTs; n=10) and seminomas (n=10) were selected. Seminomas were subclassified on the basis of expression of placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) as classical seminoma (SE; PLAP positive; n=5) or spermatocytic seminoma (SS; PLAP negative; n=5). In normal testes, KIT expression was observed in Leydig cells and in spermatogonia. All ICTs expressed KIT, but no SCT was positively labelled. Seven of 10 seminomas expressed KIT and these tumours were reclassified on this basis as SS (KIT negative) or SE (KIT positive). These findings are consistent with observations of SE in man where many of the neoplastic cells reach the stage of spermatogonia where PLAP expression is lost and that of KIT is maintained. It would therefore appear that immunolabelling for KIT expression is a more appropriate means of distinguishing between canine SE and SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Grieco
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Sezione di Anatomia Patologica Veterinaria e Patologia Aviare, Facoltà di Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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