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Masson S, Medam T, Raibon E, Fontaine C, Levy X. Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Cyproterone Acetate to Prevent Flare-Up Effect on Dogs Implanted With Deslorelin. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:714154. [PMID: 34660758 PMCID: PMC8511793 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.714154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deslorelin slow-released implants are registered in Europe for the reversible suppression of fertility in male dogs. After administration, a time-limited increase in sex hormones concentration and related behavioral problems may be observed. The aim of this work was to assess whether cyproterone acetate, a synthetic progestogen, can prevent this flare-up effect. Eighteen privately-owned entire male dogs were enrolled in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. All subjects received a 4.7 mg deslorelin implant by SC route and 1-3 capsules containing either cyproterone acetate 2 mg/kg (N = 9) or a placebo (N = 9), by oral route BID for 14 days, depending on the dog's weight. The dogs were followed for 28 days. An increase in the blood testosterone concentration was observed in respectively 9/9 and 7/9 dogs of the control and cyproterone groups (p = 0.47). However, a worsening of the sex hormone related problems (i.e., urinary marking, mounting, aggressiveness toward other dogs and/or escape) was only observed in the placebo group, in 56 or 66% of the dogs as measured by respectively the veterinarian and the owners. Our study suggests that cyproterone acetate is effective and safe to supress the deslorelin induced behavioral flare-up effect, but not the rise in testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xavier Levy
- Centre de Reproduction des Carnivores du Sud-Ouest (CRECS), L'isle Jourdain, France
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Ferré-Dolcet L, Ferro S, Contiero B, Andretta F, Cattai A, Fontaine C, Romagnoli S. Resumption of ovarian activity following removal of a 4.7 mg deslorelin implant in queens. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 57:3-9. [PMID: 34610192 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Deslorelin implants are widely used in felines. Due to their prolonged duration cat breeders frequently request early implant removal. The interval between deslorelin implant removal and resumption of ovarian function in queens is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interval between the removal of a deslorelin implant and the resumption of ovarian activity in adult queens. Twenty-three queens were treated with a 4.7 mg deslorelin implant placed in the periumbilical area. In the 16 queens completing the study implants were surgically removed at 3, 6 or 9 months (n = 6, 4 and 6 queens, respectively). Queens received a GnRH stimulation test as part of their pre-treatment general and reproductive health check. Following implantation treatment, all queens in inter-oestrus-anoestrus at the time of treatment came in oestrus within 2-5 days. Starting 7-14 days following implant removal queens were checked every 1-2 weeks with reproductive ultrasonography, a vaginal smear and blood collection. The interval to resumption of ovarian function ranged from 3 to 7 weeks irrespective of treatment length and age of the queen but was longer when the implant was removed at decreasing photoperiod (p < .05). In conclusion, at least 3 weeks post-removal are needed during increasing photoperiod to achieve follicular development and oestrogen production sufficient to support oestrous behaviour in queens following removal of a 4.7 mg deslorelin implant, while this time may increase up to 7 weeks during decreasing photoperiod. Further studies are needed to assess the interval between removal of a deslorelin implant and occurrence of ovulation as well as fertility at the first oestrus after a deslorelin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ferré-Dolcet
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - S Ferro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - B Contiero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - F Andretta
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Cattai
- Concordia Veterinary Clinic, Portogruaro, Italy
| | | | - S Romagnoli
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Stempel S, Goericke-Pesch S. [GnRH agonist implants in small animal practice - what do we know 13 years following EU registration?]. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2020; 48:420-432. [PMID: 33276392 DOI: 10.1055/a-1274-9268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The availability of GnRH agonist implants offers the possibility of a reversible, temporary downregulation of endocrine and germinative testicular function in male dogs and hobs. This review provides an overview of the registered indication, the induction of temporary infertility in healthy, intact, sexually mature male dogs (4.7 and 9.4 mg deslorelin) and hobs (9.4 mg deslorelin) as well as various off-label indications. Off-label use requires strict indications, informed consent from the owner and a lack of licensed medication (safe and optimum effect). Off-label indications in the male dog include sexual-hormone dependant (disturbing) behavior, benign prostatic hyperplasia, small adenomas of the hepatoid glands and alopecia X. Successful use of deslorelin implants for estrus suppression in jils, but also for the treatment of hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets in general have been described. Similarly, hormonal castration can be induced in tomcats and queens. The variable time to onset of effect and its duration (extremely variable in some animals) represent a challenge for breeders. No (sufficient) contraceptive activity was identified in male rabbits and male guinea pigs; however, treatment did successfully suppress the estrus cycle in female individuals of these species, as well as reproductive activity in male and female rats. Regarding the use in birds and reptiles, significant species-specific differences exist with regard to efficacy, time until onset of effect and duration of downregulation. In birds, the implant is efficient to fully suppress egg laying in chicken, Japanese quail and psittacids. In doves, egg laying is only significantly reduced. Successful treatment of reproduction-associated (unwanted) behaviour patterns (feather picking, aggression) has also been described. In some male birds, namely zebrafinch and Japanese quail, the deslorelin implant is suitable to reduce testosterone levels. Successful treatment of hormone-dependent tumours (Sertoli-cell tumorus) in budgerigars has been described as well as the modulation of specific behavior in turkeys and an efficacy in facilitating their keeping (i. e. reduction of aggression). In reptiles, only the successful use of deslorelin in iguana has been demonstrated to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Goericke-Pesch
- Reproduktionsmedizinische Einheit der Kliniken - Abteilung Kleintier, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
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Abstract
Domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) are common zoologic companion animals and display specific body language and vocalizations. Social interactions, play behavior, and resting periods are important keystone in domestic ferret behavior. Specific housing and environmental enrichment are recommended to preserve the expression of normal behavior and physiology in ferrets. Presence of abnormal behaviors, including aggression, urination and defecation outside the litter box, stereotypies, and absence of play behavior, should be carefully monitored by veterinarians and ferret owners to assess ferret wellness. Specific considerations, such as deafness, poor vision, and hybridation with other mustelids, may play a role in ferret behavior.
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Interval between Removal of a 4.7 mg Deslorelin Implant after a 3-, 6-, and 9-Month Treatment and Restoration of Testicular Function in Tomcats. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091559. [PMID: 32887474 PMCID: PMC7552215 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deslorelin implants have been used to produce a reversible sterilization in several species. In cats, the prolonged duration (12-15 months in tomcats and 18-22 months in queen) is often too much for cat breeders who request early implant removal. The interval between implant removal and resumption of reproductive function in cats has never been investigated. Eighteen tomcats received a 4.7 mg deslorelin implant placed in the periumbilical area and surgically removed during all seasons of the year after 3, 6, or 9 months (n = 6, 6, and 6 cats, respectively). Following implant removal, all cats received a clinical exam every two weeks, including testicular ultrasonographic measurement, observation of penile spikes, and blood collection for serum testosterone assay. Restoration of serum testosterone secretion occurred after 23 ± 6, 23 ± 6, and 22 ± 7 days in the 3-, 6-, and 9-month groups, respectively. Restoration of testicular function was confirmed by histology in 13/15 cats undergoing orchiectomy at the end of the study while the owners of the remaining two cats opted to maintain their animals intact. Removal of a 4.7 mg deslorelin implant after 3, 6, or 9 months is followed by resumption of serum testosterone secretion after about 3 weeks independent of age or season.
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Glocova K, Cizek P, Novotny R, Hauptman K, Tichy F. Effect of GnRH agonist deslorelin implant on spermatogenesis and testosterone concentration in Guinea pigs (Cavia aperea porcellus). Theriogenology 2020; 154:232-236. [PMID: 32679355 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Guinea pigs are social animals that are often kept in groups regardless of their gender. Due to reproduction control and male aggressiveness prevention, surgical castration is commonly required. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of GnRH agonist implant (4.7 mg deslorelinum) on the serum testosterone concentration (T) and spermatogenesis in male guinea pigs. Twenty-four animals were divided into two groups. All animals in the first group were neutered (Group 1), animals in the second group (Group 2) were administered the implant subcutaneously and then neutered in one-month intervals. A histological examination was performed when cross sections of seminiferous tubules were assessed. Subsequently, these tubules were divided based on the most developed germ cell observed: spermatogonia, spermatocytes, round spermatids, elongating spermatids and elongated spermatids. The anticipated decrease in testosterone concentration and cessation of spermatogenesis was not achieved. Thus, the results obtained proved the inefficacy of the deslorelin implant in male guinea pigs so the alternative methods of contraception remain the methods of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Glocova
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Cizek
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Novotny
- Ruminant & Swine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Hauptman
- Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Tichy
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42, Czech Republic
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Köbrunner D, Waiblinger S, Stetina BU, Künzel F, Windschnurer I. Insight into husbandry conditions, health, and behavior of pet ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) among German-speaking ferret owners. J Vet Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
Urogenital lesions are relatively common in ferrets. Renal disease is diagnosed as in traditional small animal medicine; however, peculiarities in ferrets include physiologically low levels of creatinine. Renal cysts are very common in ferrets but are usually incidental findings. Uroliths are usually composed of struvite or cystine. Urethral obstruction in male ferrets is predominantly caused by adrenal-associated prostatic disease. Spontaneous cystitis is rare in ferrets. Primary reproductive disease is uncommon in ferrets in the United States where animals are usually neutered at 6 weeks of age. In other countries, ferrets either remain unneutered or are neutered at 5 to 6 months of age. Ferrets are seasonal breeders, and female are induced ovulators. Prolonged estrus and hyperestrogenism often causes profound bone marrow suppression.
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Bo P, Tagliavia C, Canova M, De Silva M, Bombardi C, Grandis A. Comparative characterization of the prostate gland in intact, and surgically and chemically neutered ferrets. J Exot Pet Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Eşki F, Çetin N, Uslu S, Uslu BA, Şendağ S, Yörük M, Naseer Z, Wehrend A, Shakeel M. Effects of long-term release GnRH agonist "deslorelin" on testicular HSP expression, accessory sex glands and testicular functions in adult male rats. Theriogenology 2019; 134:104-111. [PMID: 31158733 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present was to determine the effect of long-term release GnRH agonists "deslorelin" on suppression and restoration of testicular and accessory sex glands functions, and expression of HSP in testes of adult male rats. A group of twenty-eight male rats and fifty-six female rats were kept for eleven months. The male rats were subdivided into treatment (n = 18; deslorelin, an analogue of GnRH, 4.7 mg, S.C; six months) and control (n = 10; untreated), and the adult female rats were introduced with either treatment or control male rats at the 2nd, 6th and 11th months post implant insertion. At 6th month of deslorelin implants insertion, six male rats from treatment and five rats from control group were sacrificed. The remaining (twelve treatment and five control) male rats were sacrificed at 11 months. The testicular dimension were measured monthly in both treatment and control rats. The blood samples were collected for testosterone and HSP70 antibody, whereas, the testes and accessory glands were isolated for histological examination at each sacrificial time. The results showed that testicular dimension were significantly lesser in treatment group until 9 months post treatment. HSP70 protein expression was negligible at 6 months in treatment group but its intensity increased in spermatids 11 months of treatment similar to control group. Significantly lower testosterone concentrations with poor semen quality, and smaller litter size were observed in treatment group. The histological picture of accessory sex glands and seminiferous tubules shown a variable integrity in treatment group than control at 6 months implant insertion. In conclusion, the subcutaneous application of 4.7 mg of the GnRH-analogue deslorelin represents a practicable, like in the female rats, method to suppress testicular, accessory sex glands functions, testicular HSP expression and fertility in male rats. Moreover, the suppressive effects of deslorelin, continued until 11th months after removal of the implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Eşki
- Clinic for Veterinary Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Nebi Çetin
- Clinic for Veterinary Obstetrics and Gynecology, Van Yüzüncü Yil University, 65080, Van, Turkey
| | - Sema Uslu
- Veterinary Histology and Embryology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Barış Atalay Uslu
- Clinic for Veterinary Andrology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Sait Şendağ
- Clinic for Veterinary Obstetrics and Gynecology, Van Yüzüncü Yil University, 65080, Van, Turkey
| | - Mecit Yörük
- Veterinary Histology and Embryology, Van Yüzüncü Yil University, 65080, Van, Turkey
| | - Zahid Naseer
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Axel Wehrend
- Clinic for Veterinary Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Muhammad Shakeel
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Cecchetto M, Gelli D, Ferré-Dolcet L, Martin A, Falomo ME, Romagnoli S. Pregnancy in a Female Ferret Following Treatment with a Deslorelin Implant: A Case Report. J Exot Pet Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Schoemaker NJ. Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone Agonists and Other Contraceptive Medications in Exotic Companion Animals. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2018; 21:443-464. [PMID: 29655478 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist slow-release implant (GnRH A-SRI) has become increasingly popular as an alternative for surgical contraception in many species. Although these implants have proven to be very effective in some species (eg, ferrets, rats, chicken, psittacines, and iguanas), they have been found less effective in other species (eg, male guinea pigs and rabbits, veiled chameleons, slider turtles, and leopard geckos). This review provides an overview of the available literature on the effects of GnRH A-SRIs in companion exotic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico J Schoemaker
- Division of Zoological Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, Utrecht 3584 CM, Netherlands.
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Coutant T, Vergneau-Grosset C, Langlois I. Overview of Drug Delivery Methods in Exotics, Including Their Anatomic and Physiologic Considerations. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2018; 21:215-259. [PMID: 29655468 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery to exotic animals may be extrapolated from domestic animals, but some physiologic and anatomic differences complicate treatment administration. Knowing these differences enables one to choose optimal routes for drug delivery. This review provides practitioners with a detailed review of the currently reported methods used for drug delivery of various medications in the most common exotic animal species. Exotic animal peculiarities that are relevant for drug administration are discussed in the text and outlined in tables and boxes to help the reader easily find targeted information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Coutant
- Zoological Medicine Service, Department of Clinical Sciences, CHUV (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S2M2, Canada
| | - Claire Vergneau-Grosset
- Zoological Medicine Service, Department of Clinical Sciences, CHUV (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S2M2, Canada
| | - Isabelle Langlois
- Zoological Medicine Service, Department of Clinical Sciences, CHUV (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S2M2, Canada.
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Summa NM, Guzman DSM, Wils-Plotz EL, Riedl NE, Kass PH, Hawkins MG. Evaluation of the effects of a 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate implant on egg laying in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus). Am J Vet Res 2017; 78:745-751. [PMID: 28541153 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.6.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of administration of a 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate implant on egg laying in healthy cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus). ANIMALS 52 cockatiels. PROCEDURES 26 breeding pairs (a female and its respective male in each pair) were selected on the basis of their history of egg laying. Female birds were sedated and received a 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate implant (n = 13) or placebo implant (13) in the subcutaneous tissues between the scapulae. Male and female birds of each breeding pair were placed in separate but adjacent cages. Birds were exposed to 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness. A nest box was placed in cages of female birds to stimulate reproductive activity. Egg production and quality were monitored daily for 365 days. RESULTS Deslorelin acetate implants significantly suppressed egg laying in cockatiels, compared with effects for the placebo implants. Eleven of 13 placeboimplanted birds laid eggs between 12 and 42 days after implantation. None of the deslorelin-implanted birds laid eggs within 180 days after implantation, and only 5 of 13 deslorelin-implanted birds laid an egg during the study period (first egg laid between 192 and 230 days after implantation). No differences in egg quality or number of eggs per clutch were observed between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Insertion of a 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate implant suppressed egg laying in healthy cockatiels for at least 180 days. Studies are necessary to evaluate effects of a deslorelin acetate implant in other avian species or in association with reproductive disorders.
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Abstract
This literature review covers approximately 35 years of veterinary medicine. This article develops the current state of knowledge in pet ferret medicine regarding the most common diseases according to evidence-based data and gives insight into further axis of research. Literature review was conducted through identification of keywords (title + ferret) with Web-based database searching. To appreciate the methodological quality and the level of evidence of each article included in the review, full-text versions were reviewed and questions addressed in the articles were formulated. Analysis of the articles' content was performed by the authors, and relevant clinical information was extracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Huynh
- Exotic Department, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, 43 Avenue Aristide Briand, Arcueil 94110, France.
| | - Lucile Chassang
- Exotic Department, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, 43 Avenue Aristide Briand, Arcueil 94110, France
| | - Graham Zoller
- Exotic Department, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, 43 Avenue Aristide Briand, Arcueil 94110, France
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Abstract
In the United States, desexing is performed routinely in ferrets at the age of 6 weeks, therefore reproductive tract diseases are not so common. However, in Europe most ferrets are desexed when they are several months old, or they are kept as intact animals. For this reason, diseases of the reproductive organs and a prolonged estrus are far more frequent in Europe than in the United States. This article summarizes and reviews the anatomy, reproductive physiology, management of reproduction (including surgical and hormonal contraception) and reproductive tract diseases in male and female ferrets.
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COMPARISON OF TWO 4.7-MILLIGRAM TO ONE 9.4-MILLIGRAM DESLORELIN ACETATE IMPLANTS ON EGG PRODUCTION AND PLASMA PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATIONS IN JAPANESE QUAIL (COTURNIX COTURNIX JAPONICA). J Zoo Wildl Med 2016; 46:789-97. [PMID: 26667535 DOI: 10.1638/2014-0210.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive disease in captive avian species is common, and medical management is often chosen over surgical removal of the reproductive tract. In a previous study with Japanese quail, a single 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate implant reversibly decreased egg production in 6 out 10 birds for 70 days. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of two 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate implants versus one 9.4-mg implant on egg production and plasma progesterone concentrations in Japanese quail ( Coturnix coturnix japonica). Following a 10-day period of consistent egg laying, 30 adult female Japanese quail were anesthetized and received two 4.7-mg deslorelin implants (n = 10), one 9.4-mg deslorelin implant (n = 10), or a single, identical placebo implant (n = 10) s.c. between the scapulae. Egg production was monitored daily, and plasma progesterone concentrations were measured on days 0, 14, 29, 120, 148, and 182 via enzyme-linked immunoassay. All birds were weighed periodically and euthanized at day 182, after which their reproductive tracts were evaluated at gross necropsy. Seven out of 10 birds treated with two 4.7-mg implants ceased egg laying 1 wk after implantation and remained nonovulatory for approximately 100 days. Cessation of egg laying for the 9.4-mg treatment group occurred in 7 out of 10 birds; onset was variable (weeks 5-12) and continued for the remainder of the study period. Plasma progesterone concentrations for deslorelin treatment groups were not significantly different compared to the placebo group at any time point. In conclusion, the two 4.7-mg and the one 9.4-mg implant treatments ceased egg laying in a similar number of birds, but the 9.4-mg implant had a slower onset of action and the effects on egg laying were inconsistent throughout the study period. Further studies evaluating use of deslorelin acetate in other avian species are needed.
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Lucas X. Clinical use of deslorelin (GnRH agonist) in companion animals: a review. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 49 Suppl 4:64-71. [PMID: 25277434 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, many contraceptive medications have been developed for companion animals, but many secondary adverse effects have limited their use. A major advancement was achieved with the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues, mainly GnRH agonists, which mimic the effects of native GnRH. The development of effective low-dose, slow-release implants with potent agonists such as deslorelin (Suprelorin®, Virbac) have allowed their use to become widespread in recent years, with many potential benefits in companion animals. While the major application of deslorelin was initially male contraception, due to its two differing actions, either the stimulation of oestrus or the sterilization of fertility, its use has been increasing in the bitch as well. The aim of this study is to review the applications of deslorelin GnRH agonist implants in companion animal, such as dogs, cats and some exotic pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Lucas
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Spain
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Abstract
It is important that veterinarians treating exotic companion mammals stay abreast of the latest developments relating to medications and drug delivery approaches for safety, efficacy and welfare issues. Sustained release formulations of commonly used drugs as well as newer routes for administration of therapeutic agents allow the veterinarian treating exotic companion mammals to reduce the stress associated with drug administration. Interactions can occur between vehicle and drugs when formulations are compounded, therefore research studies are warranted regarding potential problems associated with these formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle G Hawkins
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, 2108 Tupper Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Goericke-Pesch S, Groeger G, Wehrend A. The effects of a slow release GnRH agonist implant on male rabbits. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 152:83-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Cowan ML, Martin GB, Monks DJ, Johnston SD, Doneley RJT, Blackberry MA. Inhibition of the reproductive system by deslorelin in male and female pigeons (Columba livia). J Avian Med Surg 2014; 28:102-8. [PMID: 25115038 DOI: 10.1647/2013-027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Veterinary practitioners frequently encounter disorders of the reproductive system in avian patients. Management of these disorders relies on manipulating reproduction by modifying the environment, diet, and social interactions, and by the use of pharmacologic agents and surgery, with varying levels of success and side effects. An alternative is to use the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist deslorelin to suppress the pituitary-gonadal axis. To determine the efficacy of deslorelin in domestic pigeons (Columba livia), male (n = 10) and female (n = 10) birds each were implanted intramuscularly with a single long-acting implant containing 4.7 mg deslorelin. Untreated males (n = 11) and females (n = 10) were used as controls. The baseline serum concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH) was assayed at 7, 28, 56, and 84 days after treatment, and egg production was recorded weekly. In females, deslorelin administration significantly reduced serum LH concentrations compared to pretreatment levels at 7, 28, 56, and 84 days (P < .05). In males, deslorelin significantly reduced LH concentrations at 7, 28, and 56 days (P < .05). Female birds treated with deslorelin laid significantly fewer eggs over the course of the study (mean = 1.46, SEM = 0.84) compared with controls (mean = 5.54, SEM = 0.88). Deslorelin treatment had no discernible effect on body weight. Deslorelin is effective for controlling egg laying in female pigeons for at least 49 days, but further research is required to determine the effects on male fertility and the duration of action in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Goericke-Pesch
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Section for Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Dyrlægevej 68, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Risi E. Control of Reproduction in Ferrets, Rabbits and Rodents. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49 Suppl 2:81-6. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Risi
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Atlantia; Nantes France
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van Zeeland YRA, Pabon M, Roest J, Schoemaker NJ. Use of a GnRH agonist implant as alternative for surgical neutering in pet ferrets. Vet Rec 2014; 175:66. [PMID: 24789851 DOI: 10.1136/vr.102389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, the duration of effectiveness, owner satisfaction and side effects of a gonadotrophin releasing hormone-agonist (deslorelin) implant were investigated during a two-year follow-up study in which 61 male and 69 female entire pet ferrets were given a 4.7 mg deslorelin implant as alternative to surgical neutering. In 27 participating non-oestrous jills, a double-blind placebo controlled study was performed to investigate whether a single low dose of medroxyprogesterone (2 mg orally) four days preceding placement of the implant could prevent oestrus induction. The duration of effectiveness of the implant ranged from 301 days to over 1339 days (mean 1012±38 days), with no sex difference present. Over 90 per cent of owners were pleased with the effects of the implant. Minor local side effects were noted in less than 20 per cent of ferrets, which all resolved within a week without treatment. Oestrus was induced in 77 per cent of jills receiving medroxyprogesterone and 50 per cent of jills receiving the placebo, indicating that administration of a low-dose progestogen cannot prevent postimplant oestrus. Based on the minimum duration of effectiveness, it is advised to place a new implant on a yearly basis to guarantee continuous gonadal suppression, although biannual replacement may be sufficient in the majority of ferrets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R A van Zeeland
- Division of Zoological Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Pabon
- Dierenartsenpraktijk De Crob, E.T. Zoelensestraat 56b, 4013 CS Kapel-Avezaath, The Netherlands
| | - J Roest
- De Frettenkliniek, Kalmoesplein 10, 5643 LM Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - N J Schoemaker
- Division of Zoological Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Chen S, Michels D, Culpepper E. Nonsurgical management of hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2014; 17:35-49. [PMID: 24274921 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Several medical therapeutic options are available for the management of the clinical signs of adrenal disease in ferrets. Many of these medical modalities seem to be well tolerated and are a suitable alternative to adrenalectomy, especially for ferrets that are not surgical candidates. However, drugs that are currently available only manage the symptoms and do not provide a cure for the diseased adrenal gland, which may continue to enlarge. The medical management of urinary obstruction caused by prostatic enlargement and nonregenerative anemia caused by hyperestrogenism are also discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Chen
- Gulf Coast Avian & Exotics, Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, 1111 West Loop South, Suite 110, Houston, TX 77027, USA.
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Petritz OA, Sanchez-Migallon Guzman D, Paul-Murphy J, Fecteau K, Mete A, Kass PH, Hawkins MG. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of single administration of 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate implants on egg production and plasma sex hormones in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:316-23. [PMID: 23363360 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.2.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate implants on egg production and plasma concentrations of 17β-estradiol and androstenedione in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) over 180 days and assess safety of the implants in quail via gross and histologic examination. ANIMALS 20 female Japanese quail. PROCEDURES Following a 7-day period of consistent egg laying, quail were anesthetized and received a 4.7-mg deslorelin implant (treatment group; n = 10) or identical placebo implant (control group; 10) SC between the scapulae. Egg production was monitored daily. Plasma concentrations of 17β-estradiol and androstenedione were measured on days 0 (immediately prior to implant injection), 14, 29, 62, 90, 120, 150, and 180 via radioimmunoassay. Birds were weighed periodically and euthanized at day 180 for complete necropsy. RESULTS Egg production was significantly decreased in the treatment group, compared with the control group, from 2 to 12 weeks after implant injection. Egg production ceased in 6 of 10 quail in the treatment group (mean duration of cessation, 70 days). Plasma androstenedione and 17β -estradiol concentrations were significantly lower on day 29 in the treatment group than in the control group. On day 180, 17β -estradiol concentration was lower in control than in treated birds.No clinically relevant lesions were detected in either group at necropsy [corrected]. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate implants reversibly decreased egg laying for approximately 70 days in most of the Japanese quail evaluated. Further studies evaluating implants containing different concentrations of the drug are needed in quail and other avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia A Petritz
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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29
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Reversible suppression of sexual activity in tomcats with deslorelin implant. Theriogenology 2012; 78:848-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Beuschlein F, Galac S, Wilson DB. Animal models of adrenocortical tumorigenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 351:78-86. [PMID: 22100615 PMCID: PMC3288624 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, research on human adrenocortical neoplasia has been dominated by gene expression profiling of tumor specimens and by analysis of genetic disorders associated with a predisposition to these tumors. Although these studies have identified key genes and associated signaling pathways that are dysregulated in adrenocortical neoplasms, the molecular events accounting for the frequent occurrence of benign tumors and low rate of malignant transformation remain unknown. Moreover, the prognosis for patients with adrenocortical carcinoma remains poor, so new medical treatments are needed. Naturally occurring and genetically engineered animal models afford a means to investigate adrenocortical tumorigenesis and to develop novel therapeutics. This comparative review highlights adrenocortical tumor models useful for either mechanistic studies or preclinical testing. Three model species - mouse, ferret, and dog - are reviewed, and their relevance to adrenocortical tumors in humans is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Beuschlein
- Endocrine Research Unit, Medizinische Klinik Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der LMU, Ziemssenstr. 1, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Sara Galac
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David B. Wilson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Washington University and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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Hohšteter M, Smolec O, Gudan Kurilj A, ŠOštaric′-Zuckermann IC, Bata I, Grabarevic′ Ž. Intratesticular benign peripheral nerve sheath tumour in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo). J Small Anim Pract 2011; 53:63-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2011.01145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Goericke-Pesch S, Georgiev P, Antonov A, Albouy M, Wehrend A. Clinical efficacy of a GnRH-agonist implant containing 4.7 mg deslorelin, Suprelorin®, regarding suppression of reproductive function in tomcats. Theriogenology 2011; 75:803-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 10/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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34
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Arlt S, Spankowski S, Kaufmann T, Kostelnik K, Heuwieser W. Fertility control in a male rabbit using a deslorelin implant. A case report. WORLD RABBIT SCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.4995/wrs.2010.8190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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35
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Batista-Arteaga M, Suárez-Bonnet A, Santana M, Niño T, Reyes R, Alamo D. Testicular neoplasms (interstitial and Sertoli cell tumours) in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo). Reprod Domest Anim 2010; 46:177-80. [PMID: 20088849 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Unilateral testicular enlargement was detected in a 5-years-old domestic ferret during a routine sterilization. The right testicle showed two different types of proliferative lesions: (i) round nodules, well demarcated, showing a soft yellow tissue; (ii) white nodules, firm, with irregular-shaped invaginations. Microscopically, the neoplastic proliferations were identified as an interstitial neoplasm and Sertoli cell tumour, respectively. The left testicle was small and showed intense testicular atrophy. Clinical evaluation of the ferret did not show any other apparent pathological processes. This study is the first case reporting the concomitant occurrence of a Sertoli cells tumour and an interstitial cell tumour in a domestic ferret.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Batista-Arteaga
- Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.
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Proháczik A, Kulcsár M, Trigg T, Driancourt MA, Huszenicza G. Comparison of four treatments to suppress ovarian activity in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo
). Vet Rec 2010; 166:74-8. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.c177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Proháczik
- Faculty of Veterinary Science; Szent István University; István utca 2 1078 Budapest Hungary
- Intervet Pharma R&D, Intervet Schering-Plough Animal Health; rue Olivier de Serres, Angers Technopole, BP 67131 49071 Beaucouzé Cedex France
| | - M. Kulcsár
- Faculty of Veterinary Science; Szent István University; István utca 2 1078 Budapest Hungary
| | - T. Trigg
- Peptech Animal Health; Macquarie Park NSW 2113 Australia
| | - M. A. Driancourt
- Intervet Pharma R&D, Intervet Schering-Plough Animal Health; rue Olivier de Serres, Angers Technopole, BP 67131 49071 Beaucouzé Cedex France
| | - G. Huszenicza
- Faculty of Veterinary Science; Szent István University; István utca 2 1078 Budapest Hungary
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Vinke CM, van Deijk R, Houx BB, Schoemaker NJ. The effects of surgical and chemical castration on intermale aggression, sexual behaviour and play behaviour in the male ferret (Mustela putorius furo). Appl Anim Behav Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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