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Mason SJ. An Update on Male Canine Infertility. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023:S0195-5616(23)00068-2. [PMID: 37221101 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Infertility in the dog is a common reason for presentation of stud dogs for assessment with veterinarians. This article aims to discuss and outline some of the tests that can be done to try to ascertain the underlying cause of abnormalities found in a semen assessment. Topics discussed are semen alkaline phosphatase measurement, retrograde ejaculation assessment, ultrasound of the male reproductive tract, semen culture, human chorionic gonadotropin response testing, dietary assessment for phytoestrogens, environmental impacts on spermatogenesis, testicular biopsy, supplements to improve semen quality and quantity, and when to expect an improvement in semen quality after starting treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Mason
- Monash Veterinary Clinic, 1662 Dandenong Road, Oakleigh East, Victoria 3166, Australia.
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Domosławska A, Zdunczyk S. Clinical and spermatological findings in male dogs with acquired infertility: A retrospective analysis. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13802. [PMID: 32835435 DOI: 10.1111/and.13802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of causative factors of infertility in male dogs has been reported. In this study, the results of clinical examination and semen evaluation of 61 infertile stud dogs are described. Infertility was defined as conception failure of at least three matings with different bitches. The dogs, belonged to various breeds, were 4-8 years old and had a history of prior normal fertility. The dogs were subjected to clinical examination including ultrasonography of the prostate and testes. The semen was evaluated using CASA and microscopically morphology and live-dead spermatozoa. In all dogs, the semen parameters were outside the reference range, and mostly oligoastheno-teratozoospermia was found. There were also three cases of azoospermia. Thirty dogs showed no clinical abnormalities of the genital organ and no signs of systemic diseases, and testicular degeneration was assumed as the possible cause of infertility. In 20 dogs, BPH was diagnosed. In three dogs, infertility was associated with hypothyroidism. Three dogs had a history of babesiosis, and one dog prolonged ketoconazole treatment. One case each of chronic prostatitis, prostatic adenocarcinoma, epididymitis and retrograde ejaculation was diagnosed. The cause of acquired infertility could not be identified in almost half of the dogs. In other, infertility was often associated with prostate diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Domosławska
- Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sławomir Zdunczyk
- Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
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Vap LM, Shropshire SB. Urine Cytology: Collection, Film Preparation, and Evaluation. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2016; 47:135-149. [PMID: 27562934 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytologic examination of the urine sediment in animals suspected of having urinary tract disease or lower urinary tract masses is one of the best means of distinguishing inflammation, infection, and neoplasia and can help determine if a positive dipstick result for hemoglobin/blood is due to hemorrhage or blood contamination. The quality of the specimen collection and handling plays an important role in the quality of results, the validity of interpretations, and selection of appropriate course of action. The method of sample collection aids localization of pathology. Air dry but do not heat fix, freeze, or expose films to formalin fumes, temperature extremes, or condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Vap
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Sarah B Shropshire
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Lavoué R, Trumel C, Smets PMY, Braun JP, Aresu L, Daminet S, Concordet D, Palanché F, Peeters D. Characterization of Proteinuria in Dogue de Bordeaux Dogs, a Breed Predisposed to a Familial Glomerulonephropathy: A Retrospective Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133311. [PMID: 26181659 PMCID: PMC4504498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogue de Bordeaux dog has been reported to be predisposed to a familial glomerulonephropathy that displays some morphological modifications reported in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Prevalence of quantitatively abnormal renal proteinuria was recently reported to be 33% in this breed. The nature of the proteinuria was assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis and determinations of urinary markers (urinary retinol-binding protein, urinary N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, urinary albumin and urinary immunoglobulin G) on stored specimens. Diagnostic performances of sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis to identify dogs with elevated urinary biomarkers were assessed. Samples from 102 adult Dogue de Bordeaux dogs (47 non-proteinuric [urine protein-to-creatinine ratio ≤ 0.2], 20 borderline-proteinuric [0.2< urine protein-to-creatinine ratio ≤ 0.5] and 35 proteinuric dogs [urine protein-to-creatinine ratio >0.5]) were used, of which 2 were suffering from familial glomerulonephropathy. The electrophoretic protein patterns, for all but one proteinuric dog, were indicative of a glomerular origin and, in all dogs, the urinary albumin concentration related to creatinine concentration and the urinary immunoglobulin G concentration related to creatinine concentration were above the upper limit of the reference interval established for the breed. Sensitivity and specificity of sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis identifying dogs with elevated urinary albumin concentration were 94% and 92%, respectively, while diagnostic performance of sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis in detecting dogs with elevated urinary immunoglobulin G concentration yielded sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 74%, respectively. These results suggest that all proteinuric and some borderline-proteinuric Dogue de Bordeaux dogs likely have underlying glomerular lesions and that sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis and urinary markers might be useful to screen dogs with borderline-proteinuria. Additional investigations are warranted to assess if these findings are related to the familial glomerulonephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lavoué
- Internal Medicine Unit, Institut National Polytechnique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Catherine Trumel
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, ENVT, UMS006, Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Toulouse, France
- INSERM, UMS 006, Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale M. Y. Smets
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Braun
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, ENVT, UMS006, Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Toulouse, France
- INSERM, UMS 006, Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Toulouse, France
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sylvie Daminet
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Didier Concordet
- UMR 1331 Toxalim, INRA, Institut National Polytechnique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Palanché
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, ENVT, UMS006, Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Peeters
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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de Paiva ALC, Nunes TL, de Oliveira MGC, de Morais AML, Dos Santos EAA, Silva AR, de Oliveira MF, de Paula VV. Effects of atipamezole and medetomidine administration on seminal variables and functions of erection and ejaculation of the collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) after electroejaculation. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:170. [PMID: 25103781 PMCID: PMC4236823 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha adrenergic drugs are usually used in the treatment of erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction in humans. The influence of such drugs on the seminal characteristics of wild animals has not been verified; whereas their impact on the seminal characteristics and erectile and ejaculatory functions of collared peccaries (Tayassu tajacu) has already been determined. This study aimed at investigating and comparing the effects of medetomidine and atipamezole on the seminal variables of collared peccaries undergoing electroejaculation as well as at determining whether these drugs affected the erectile and ejaculatory functions of this species. RESULTS A statistically significant difference in sperm concentration was observed between AP (100.0 ± 26.0 × 106 sperm/ml) and MP (220.2 ± 49.8 × 106 sperm/ml); however, both these treatments did not differ from P treatment (180.0 ± 50.7 × 106 sperm/ml). No statistically significant difference was observed among all treatments with regard to erectile function. With regard to ejaculation time, no significant difference was observed between the MP and AP treatments; however, when compared with the P treatment, AP exhibited a significantly higher difference. CONCLUSIONS When collared peccaries were anesthetized with propofol, neither medetomidine nor atipamezole significantly affected the characteristics of the semen or the erectile function, despite the fact that the AP treatment increased ejaculation time. Therefore, the data indicate that using propofol alone is an effective anesthetic protocol for collecting semen in collared peccaries. Other non-injectable anesthetic drugs, such as inhaled anesthetics, may be used in future research to collect semen from peccaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana L C de Paiva
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Animal Surgery, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
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Prober LG, Johnson CA, Olivier NB, Thomas JS. Effect of semen in urine specimens on urine protein concentration determined by means of dipstick analysis. Am J Vet Res 2010; 71:288-92. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.71.3.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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