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Cattaneo L, Prieto C, Ojeda D, Pereira A, Frutos J, Bó GA. The use of a recombinant equine chorionic gonadotropin (reCG) in fixed-time AI programs in beef cattle. Theriogenology 2024; 227:77-83. [PMID: 39029411 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of a novel recombinant eCG (reCG) on pregnancy rates to AI (P/AI) in suckled beef cows of different breeds that were synchronized with an estradiol/progesterone (P4)-based protocol for fixed-time AI (TAI). In experiment 1, 1244 Bos taurus suckled cows were used. On Day 0 all cows received an intravaginal P4 device (600 mg P4) and 2 mg of estradiol benzoate. On Day 7, devices were removed, and all cows received 0.150 mg of D-cloprostenol plus 1 mg of estradiol cypionate and were randomly divided to receive 140 IU or 105 IU of reCG or no reCG treatment (controls) at that time. Cows were tail painted for estrus detection and those in estrus by 48 h after P4 device removal were inseminated; whereas those not showing estrus were also inseminated and received GnRH at the same time. In experiment 2, 818 Bos taurus x Bos indicus crossbred suckled cows received the same FTAI protocol used in Experiment 1. Cows were randomly divided at the time of P4 device removal into 4 groups to receive 140 IU, 105 IU or 84 IU of reCG or no reCG treatment. In experiment 3, 345 Bos indicus suckled cows were submitted to the same FTAI protocol as those in previous experiments and were randomly divided into three groups to receive 140 IU or 105 IU of reCG, or 300 IU of serum derived eCG (PMSG). In Experiment 1, estrus rate and P/AI was greater (P < 0.05) in cows treated with reCG (79.9 and 53.5 %, 76.9 and 52.3 % for the 105 UI and 140 UI reCG groups, respectively) than those in the control group (69.9 and 44.4 %, respectively). In Experiment 2, cows treated with reCG tended (P < 0.1) to achieve a greater P/AI than control cows (38.6 %, 37.1 %, 36.2 % and 28.2 % for those receiving 84 IU, 105 IU,140 IU of reCG, and those in the control group); but when P/AI of all cows treated with reCG was contrasted to that of control cows, the difference was significant (P < 0.01). In Experiment 3, P/AI in cows treated with 84 IU of reCG (54 %) did not differ from that of cows treated with serum derived eCG (59 %) but both were greater (P < 0.05) than cows treated with 105 UI of reCG (41 %). In conclusion, treatment with reCG improved fertility in suckled Bos taurus and Bos taurus x Bos indicus beef cows. In suckled Bos indicus cows, although treatment with reCG and serum derived eCG were comparable, the higher dosage of reCG was detrimental to their P/AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Cattaneo
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; CEVA-ZOOVET S.A., Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Claudio Prieto
- CEVA-Biotecnofe S.A., Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral, Laboratorio de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Ciudad Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Gabriel A Bó
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto A.P. de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa del Rosario, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Andrade JPN, Monteiro PJL, Prata AB, Robl AJ, Neto J, Lippe B, Ribeiro HS, Hartmman D, Sartori R, Wiltbank MC. Optimizing ReBreed21 II: Fertility and reproductive efficiency in different parities during a shortened breeding season in beef cattle. Theriogenology 2024; 224:41-49. [PMID: 38733813 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficiency of a rapid reinsemination program allowing timed AI (TAI) every 21d (ReBreed21) in a commercial beef cow-calf operation. Nelore females from different parities (n = 2085) were synchronized for first TAI (D0 = TAI) using an estradiol/progesterone (E2/P4) protocol and assigned to one of three reinsemination programs: Resynch33 (n = 753), traditional resynch program with second TAI at D42 after first TAI; ReBreed21 (n = 687); or ReBreed21+EC (n = 670). The ReBreed females (n = 1357) received intravaginal P4 insert on D12, on D19 P4 was removed, and a dose of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) was administered, then, ReBreed21 females received 0.6 mg of EC (ReBreed21+EC) or nothing (ReBreed21) and on D21, nonpregnancy (NP) was determined using Doppler ultrasound to detect corpus luteum (CL) blood flow (BF) (NP: <25 % BF pixels of total CL area) and NP cows received immediate TAI and GnRH to induce ovulation. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed at D33 after TAI following all TAIs. Cows considered pregnant at D21, based on CL BF, but NP on D33 were designated False-Positives (FP) and false negatives (FN) were number of nonpregnant cows/heifers on d21 based on the CL BF found to subsequently be pregnant on D33 divided by the total number pregnant. Pregnancy/AI (P/AI) did not differ for the first TAI (55.1 %) among the treatments. Heifers had similar P/AI at the second AI in all groups and similar to the first AI. Primiparous had greater P/AI in ReBreed21+EC and Resynch33 at s TAI compared to ReBreed21, 51.7 %, 55.8 %, 34.2 %, respectively. Multiparous had greater P/AI at second TAI in Resynch33 (60.9 %) than ReBreed21 programs (34.7 %). The percentage FP and FN among ReBreed21 programs did not differ, 13.8 and 0.2 %, respectively. Overall accumulative pregnancies on D21 of the breeding season were greater for ReBreed21 and ReBreed21+EC than Resynch33 (69.7 %, 71.6 %, and 55.5 %, respectively). However, on D42 of the breeding season, only heifers had greater pregnancies in ReBreed21 programs than Resynch33 (73.3 %, 74.3.6 %, and 63.2 %, respectively). Average days to pregnancy were less (P = 0.01) for ReBreed21 and ReBreed21+EC than Resynch33. Thus, the ReBreed21 strategy can improve the efficiency of TAI programs in beef cattle. Of interest, ReBreed21 was particularly effective in nulliparous, somewhat effective in primiparous when EC was added to the program, but relatively ineffective in multiparous beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo N Andrade
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Pedro J L Monteiro
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | | | - José Neto
- Agropecuária Roncador, Querência, MT, 78643-000, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Lippe
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roberto Sartori
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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de Sousa Sales JN, Vicente MP, Carvalho LR, Lemos LA, Souza Simões LM, Alcantara Colli MH, Gonçales Junior WA, Ayres H, Vieira LM, Mingoti RD, Barbuio JP. Is estradiol valerate an alternative to estradiol benzoate in promoting the synchronization of ovulation and timed artificial insemination in suckled Bos indicus beef cows? Theriogenology 2024; 218:56-61. [PMID: 38301507 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of estradiol valerate administered at the beginning of the ovulation synchronization protocol on the pregnancy rate of Bos indicus cows. In the experiments, the following products from MSD, Sao Paulo, Brazil were used: estradiol valerate (EV), estradiol benzoate (EB), intravaginal progesterone device (P4), estradiol cypionate (EC), equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and cloprostenol (PGF). In Experiment 1, Bos indicus cows (n=899) with a body condition score (BCS) of 2.76 ± 0.01 were included in a 3 (device) × 2 (protocol: 5 mg of EV or 2 mg of EB) factorial design. There were three types of P4 devices: a new device (New), a device previously used for 9 days (1×), and a device previously used for 18 days (2×). Nine days later (D9), the P4 device was removed, and cows received 300 IU of eCG. In addition, cows in the EB group received 1 mg of EC and 265 μg of PGF. Timed artificial insemination (TAI) was performed 48 h after P4 device removal in the EB group (TAI48) and 54 h after P4 device removal in the EV group (TAI54). In Experiment 2, Bos indicus cows (n=434) with a BCS of 2.62 ± 0.01 received a new P4 device or one previously used for 9 days and 5 mg of EV. On D9, all cows received 300 IU of eCG, and the P4 devices were removed and distributed in TAI48 and TAI54 cows. In Experiment 3, Bos indicus cows (n=429) with a BCS of 2.80 ± 0.01 were divided into the control and EV/EC groups. All cows received a P4 device. In addition, cows in the control group received 2 mg of EB, and cows in the EV/EC group received 5 mg of EV on D0. On D9, all cows received 1 mg of EC and 300 IU of eCG, and the P4 devices were removed. Cows in the control group also received 265 μg of PGF. All cows were inseminated 48 h after the removal of the P4 device. In Experiment 1, there was no effect of the interaction between protocol and P4 device on the occurrence of estrus (P=0.45) or on the pregnancy per artificial insemination ratio (P/AI; P=0.30). In addition, the occurrence of estrus and P/AI were not different between in the two estradiol groups (P=0.12 and P=0.82) and across the types of intravaginal P4 device (P=0.91 and P=0.47). In Experiment 2, the pregnancy rate was lower (tendency) in TAI48 cows (P=0.07). In Experiment 3, the estrus rate (P=0.12) and P/AI (P=0.56) were similar between the experimental groups. In summary, protocols using estradiol valerate without exogenous ovulation induction require adjustments in the timing of AI from 48 to 54 h after P4 device removal. However, a combination of estradiol valerate at the beginning of the protocol and estradiol cypionate nine days later successfully induced ovulation in Bos indicus cows inseminated 48 h after P4 device removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Nélio de Sousa Sales
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, UFLA, Lavras, MG, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Laís Reis Carvalho
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, UFLA, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Araújo Lemos
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, UFLA, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Henderson Ayres
- MSD - Merck Sharp and Dohme Saúde Animal, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Sales AFF, Cappellozza BI, Vilela E, Claro Júnior I, Sá Filho OG, Vasconcelos JLM. Effects of equine chorionic gonadotropin dosage and its splitting in different days on reproductive performance of Nellore cows synchronized for timed-artificial insemination. Theriogenology 2024; 218:267-275. [PMID: 38367335 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of dose of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and its splitting in different days of the synchronization protocol on reproductive performance of primiparous and multiparous Nellore cows. In the present study, 2,536 Nellore cows (1,634 primiparous and 902 multiparous) were assigned to receive in a 2 × 2 factorial design 1) an intravaginal progesterone (P4) device and 2.0 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) on day -11, 12.5 mg (i.m.) of dinoprost tromethamine (PGF), 300 IU (i.m.) of eCG, 0.6 mg (i.m.) of estradiol cypionate (ECP), and P4 device withdrawal on day -2, followed by TAI on day 0 (n = 632 cows, being 409 primiparous and 223 multiparous; 300-2), 2) 300 IU (i.m) of eCG administered on days -4 and -2 (150 IU of eCG/day; n = 637 cows, being 412 primiparous and 225 multiparous; 300-4-2), 3) 400 IU (i.m.) of eCG administered on day -2 (n = 633 cows, being 406 primiparous and 227 multiparous; 400-2), and 4) 400 IU (i.m) of eCG administered on days -4 and -2 (200 IU of eCG/day; n = 634 cows, being 407 primiparous and 227 multiparous; 400-4-2). Individual cow BCS was assessed on days -11, 0 (timed-AI), and 31 of the study. Body condition score of the animals was classified into LOW or HIGH using the threshold of 2.75 (≤2.75 = LOW; >2.75 = HIGH). For primiparous cows, an eCG splitting effect was observed on follicle size, as cows receiving eCG on days -4 and -2 of the synchronization protocol had a larger follicle than cows administered eCG only on day -2. For day 31 P/AI, primiparous cows receiving 400-4-2, regardless of BCS, had a greater P/AI than cows from other treatments. Administering 400-4-2 to LOW BCS cows also resulted in greater P/AI than all other treatments assigned to LOW BCS cows. For multiparous cows, no treatment effect was observed for follicle size, estrus expression, and day 31 P/AI (P ≥ 0.21). In summary, increasing the dose and splitting the dose of eCG positively impacted the pregnancy rates of primiparous cows under a BCS ≤2.75, but no effects were detected on multiparous cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F F Sales
- Lageado Biotecnologia e Pecuária, Mineiros, GO, 75830-000, Brazil; Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, 18168-000, Brazil
| | | | - E Vilela
- Lageado Biotecnologia e Pecuária, Mineiros, GO, 75830-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - J L M Vasconcelos
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, 18168-000, Brazil.
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Simões LMS, Lima EA, Carvalho LR, Martínez MBP, Zanatta GM, Santos MFO, Machado AB, Dias MM, Guerreiro BM, Freitas BG, Bastos MR, Sales JNS. Exposure to progesterone before an ovulation synchronization protocol increases the follicular diameter and fertility of multiparous suckled Bos taurus cows. Theriogenology 2024; 218:239-243. [PMID: 38359562 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of administering injectable progesterone (P4i) before a timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol on the follicular growth, ovulation, and pregnancy rate of Bos taurus suckled cows. The effect of P4i administration before the TAI on the pregnancy rate (P/AI) was evaluated in 576 suckled Bos taurus cows at 30-90 days postpartum. In addition, the effect of P4i administration before TAI on follicular dynamics was evaluated in subgroup of 401 suckled Bos taurus cows. On Day -10 (D-10), cows were divided into two experimental groups (Control and P4i). In this moment, P4i cows received i.m. 150 mg of injectable long-action progesterone. After that, both experimental groups received a synchronization protocol (Day 0; D0) that consisted of administration i.m. of 2 mg of estradiol benzoate and a progesterone intravaginal insert on D0. On Day 8 (D8), the progesterone insert was removed, and the cows received 500 μg of cloprostenol, 400 IU of eCG, and 1 mg of estradiol cypionate. TAI was performed 48 h after the removal of the progesterone insert. The ultrasound exams were performed in a subgroup of cows on Days 0, 8, 10 and 12 to evaluate the diameter of the largest follicle, rate of follicular growth and risks of single and double ovulation. The pregnancy diagnosis was performed 30 days after TAI in all cows to determine the pregnancy rate. The diameter of the largest follicle, on D10 (P = 0.84), rate of follicular growth (P = 0.14), ovulation rate (P = 0.40) and double ovulation rates (P = 0.23) did not differ between experimental groups. The pregnancy rate was greater in the P4i group [Control 46.2 % (133/288) vs. P4i 55.6 % (160/288); P = 0.03]. The diameter of the largest follicles (LF) on D0 (Control 11.6 ± 0.2 vs. P4i 13.3 ± 0.3) was greater (P = 0.01) in the P4i group. In conclusion, injectable progesterone before the ovulation synchronization protocol increased the diameter of the largest follicle on the D0 and the pregnancy rate in multiparous Bos taurus suckled beef cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M S Simões
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil.
| | - E A Lima
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - L R Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - M B P Martínez
- National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - G M Zanatta
- Department of Animal Reproduction, FMVZ-USP, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - M F O Santos
- Ritter dos Reis University Center (UniRitter), Porto Alegre, RS, 91240-261, Brazil
| | | | - M M Dias
- Genex, São Carlos, SP, 13563-002, Brazil
| | - B M Guerreiro
- Ourofino Saúde Animal, Cravinhos, SP, 14140-000, Brazil
| | - B G Freitas
- Ourofino Saúde Animal, Cravinhos, SP, 14140-000, Brazil
| | - M R Bastos
- Ourofino Saúde Animal, Cravinhos, SP, 14140-000, Brazil
| | - J N S Sales
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, MG, 36010-041, Brazil
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Neto ARF, Souza DFC, Campos RA, Albertini S, Bastos MR, Freitas BG, Colli MHA, Elliff FM, Sales JNS, Baruselli PS. The effectiveness of low-dose of eCG in timed AI Nelore (Bos indicus) heifers. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14553. [PMID: 38501644 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of the administration of different doses of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG; 0 IU, 200 IU, or 300 IU) at the time of the progesterone device removal in 2-year-old Nelore (Bos indicus) heifers synchronized for fixed-timed artificial insemination (FTAI). On day 0 (D0), a total of 398 heifers received 2 mg of oestradiol benzoate i.m., 0.53 mg of cloprostenol i.m., and an eight-day previously used (second use) intravaginal device containing 1 g of progesterone (P4). Eight days later (D8), simultaneous with the P4 device removal, 0.5 mg of oestradiol cypionate i.m. and 0.53 mg of cloprostenol i.m. were administered. At the same time, heifers were randomly assigned to receive one of the following treatments: G-0 IU (n = 141; no eCG treatment), G-200 IU (n = 132; treated with 200 IU of eCG), and G-300 IU (n = 125; treated with 300 IU of eCG). FTAI was performed 48 h after the P4 device removal (D10). Ultrasonographic evaluations were performed at D0, D10, and D17. Heifers were scanned to measure the size of the largest follicle (LF), the presence, number, and size of the corpus luteum (CL), and the ovulation rate. Subsequently, at D40, the heifers underwent scanning to determine the pregnancy rate and identify any twin pregnancies. Additionally, at D70, scans were performed to assess pregnancy loss (PG). Data were analysed by orthogonal contrasts [C1 (eCG effect): control x (200 IU + 300 IU) and C2 (eCG dose effect): 200 IU × 300 IU]. On D0, CL presence was similar between the groups [G-0 IU = 65.2% (92/141), G-200 IU = 55.3% (73/132), and G-300 IU = 63.2% (79/125); p = .16]. No interactions between the presence of CL on D0 and eCG treatment were found for any of the variables (p > .05). The diameter of the LF at FTAI (D10) was not influenced by eCG treatment (p = .22) or eCG dose (p = .18). However, treatment with eCG increased the diameter of the CL at D17 (G-0 IU = 15.7 ± 0.3 mmb , G-200 IU = 16.6 ± 0.2 mma , and G-300 IU = 16.6 ± 0.3 mma ; p = .001), regardless of the dose used (p = .94). The ovulation rate was higher in heifers treated with eCG [G-0 IU = 79.4%b (112/141), G-200 IU = 90.2%a (119/132), and G-300 IU = 93.6%a (117/125); p = .002], but there was no effect of eCG dose (p = .36). Pregnancy per AI (P/AI) on D40 [G-0 IU = 32.6%b (46/141), G-200 IU = 42.4%a (56/132), and G-300 IU = 42.4%a (53/125); P = 0.05] and D70 [G-0 IU = 29.1%b (41/141), G-200 IU = 40.9%a (54/132), and G-300 IU = 40.8%a (51/125); p = .02] were higher on heifers that received eCG; however, no dose effect was observed for P/AI on D40 (p = .89) nor D70 (p = .98). Pregnancy loss between D40 and D70 tended to reduce (p = .07) in eCG-treated heifers without dose effect (p = .91). Heifers with CL at D0 presented a greater follicle diameter (LF) on D10 (With CL = 11.2 ± 0.2 mm and Without CL = 10.2 ± 0.2 mm; p = .05), CL diameter on D17 (With CL = 15.8 ± 0.03 mm and Without CL = 11.8 ± 0.6 mm; p = .01), and ovulation rate [With CL = 95.5% (233/244) and Without CL = 74.7% (115/154); p = .01]. However, no difference in pregnancy rate at D40 (p = .52) and D70 (p = .84) was found. In conclusion, eCG treatment increases ovulation and pregnancy rates of heifers submitted to a FTAI protocol. Furthermore, eCG treatment increases the diameter of the CL after FTAI and reduces pregnancy losses. No dose effect was observed, suggesting Nelore (Bos indicus) heifers respond to 200 IU of eCG treatment for FTAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Felisbino Neto
- Department of Animal Reproduction, FMVZ-USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D F C Souza
- Ferty+ Reprodução Animal, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - R A Campos
- Ferty+ Reprodução Animal, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - S Albertini
- Department of Animal Reproduction, FMVZ-USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M R Bastos
- Ourofino Saúde Animal, Cravinhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B G Freitas
- Ourofino Saúde Animal, Cravinhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M H A Colli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, FMVZ-USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F M Elliff
- Department of Animal Reproduction, FMVZ-USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J N S Sales
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, UFJF, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - P S Baruselli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, FMVZ-USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Marqui FN, Martins A, da Cruz TE, Berton TIU, de Paula Freitas-Dell'Aqua C, Dell'Aqua JA, Oba E. Iodixanol supplementation in freezing extender improves the antioxidant capacity of semen. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:1551-1558. [PMID: 37679893 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing bovine semen freezing extender with different concentrations of iodixanol on post-thaw sperm characteristics. Six ejaculates of three Nellore bulls were pooled and diluted in commercial extender (BotuBov®) and then divided into 4 groups: control group (without adding iodixanol); groups G1.5, G3, or G6 according to the concentration of iodixanol solution (RedCushion®). After dilution, the samples were cooled and frozen. Post-thaw semen evaluation included sperm motility by CASA immediately after thawing and after 60 min of incubation at 37°C, flow cytometry analysis for integrity of plasma and acrosomal membranes, membrane destabilization and translocation of phosphatidylserine, mitochondrial membrane potential, and formation of intracellular anion superoxide (O 2 - ), hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), and membrane lipid peroxidation. The group G6 presented significantly higher (p < .05) total and progressive motility, percentage of plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity, and H2 O2 than control and group G1.5. Furthermore, group G6 showed lower (p < .05) lipid peroxidation than control. In addition, regardless of the concentration used, the percentage of spermatozoa without phosphatidylserine translocation was higher (p < .05) in all iodixanol supplemented groups. In conclusion, iodixanol supplementation preserved the motility and integrity of sperm membranes during cryopreservation and protected against lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda N Marqui
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alicio Martins
- School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tairini Erica da Cruz
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - José A Dell'Aqua
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eunice Oba
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Monteiro PLJ, Consentini CEC, Andrade JPN, Beard AD, Garcia-Guerra A, Sartori R, Wiltbank MC. Research on timed AI in beef cattle: Past, present and future, a 27-year perspective. Theriogenology 2023; 211:161-171. [PMID: 37639998 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
This review aimed to (1) summarize the results from fixed-timed artificial insemination (TAI) fertility studies performed during the last 27 years; (2) compile and evaluate, as examples from the literature base, the direct comparisons made of specific manipulations to synchronization protocols; (3) evaluate the impact of the TAI programs on the reproductive performance during the breeding season, and (4) provide perspective on the future of TAI programs in beef cattle. A search of the literature published from 1995 to 2021 was conducted to identify experiments in which synchronization of ovulation and TAI in beef cattle was performed. The primary outcome of interest was fertility expressed as pregnancies per TAI. The literature included two search engines, the SIS Web of Science and the US National Library of Medicine Institutes of Health through PubMed. After the initial search and screening, a total of 228 manuscripts were selected containing a total of 272,668 TAI. A dramatic increase in the number of publications and TAIs occurred throughout the years. Most of them were from Brazil and United States, followed by Canada, Argentina, Uruguay, and Australia. Two main types of TAI programs were identified: GnRH-based and E2/P4-based protocols. In terms of GnRH-based programs, two variations were evaluated in the present manuscript. First, we evaluated the effect of the progesterone implant during the protocol. The progesterone implant increased pregnancy/TAI (P/TAI) from 44.3 to 54.3%. Second, the use of a second prostaglandin F2α treatment in 5-d CO-synch program increased the P/TAI from 53.2 to 60.9%. In E2/P4-based programs, use of GnRH at TAI increased P/TAI from 54.7 to 59.2% in cows. However, no increase was detected in heifers. Other research showed that use of TAI can increase the overall proportion of the cows pregnant at end of the breeding season and produce earlier calvings compared with bulls. In conclusion, there have been a large number of excellent research studies that have been performed during the last 27 years on TAI in beef cattle. This technology is being utilized successfully in the beef cattle industry. This success is largely because of the valid research that underlies the application of the technology and the economic value of the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L J Monteiro
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Carlos Eduardo C Consentini
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - João Paulo N Andrade
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Adam D Beard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Alvaro Garcia-Guerra
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Roberto Sartori
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Sales A, Cappellozza BI, Vilela E, Claro Júnior I, Sá Filho OG, Vasconcelos JLM. Effects of estradiol cypionate dosage and body condition on reproductive performance of Nellore cattle synchronized for timed-artificial insemination. Theriogenology 2023; 210:207-213. [PMID: 37527622 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of increasing doses of estradiol cypionate (ECP) and different body condition score (BCS) on reproductive performance of Bos indicus beef females assigned to a timed-artificial insemination (TAI) management. In this experiment, 1683 Bos indicus Nellore cows were blocked by parity and assigned to receive 1) an intravaginal P4 device (1.9 g of P4) and 2.0 mg of estradiol benzoate on day -11, 12.5 mg (i.m.) of dinoprost tromethamine, 300 IU (i.m.) of equine chorionic gonadotrophin, 0.6 mg (i.m.) of estradiol cypionate and CIDR withdrawal on day -2, followed by TAI on day 0 (n = 849; 0.6ECP) or 2) the same synchronization protocol with 1.0 mg of ECP on day -2 (n = 834; 1.0ECP). In both treatments, estrus expression was measured between days -2 and 0. Body condition score (BCS) was evaluated on days -11, 31, and 71 of the experiment and the BCS variation (Δ) was also determined between these timepoints. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed on days 31, 71, and 111 for pregnancy rate determination. All binary data were analyzed using cow as the experimental unit with GLIMMIX, whereas continuous variables were analyzed with the MIXED procedure of SAS. No treatment effects were observed on estrus expression rate. Treatment × BCS interactions were observed for pregnancy rates in all time points (days 31, 71, and 111), as 1.0ECP cows with a LOW BCS also had a greater P/AI than cows assigned to 0.6ECP. In summary, increasing the dose of ECP benefited the reproductive performance of Nellore beef cows with a reduced BCS (≤2.75), whereas no benefits were seen when the BCS was considered adequate (>2.75).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sales
- Lageado Biotecnologia e Pecuária, Mineiros, GO, 75830-000, Brazil
| | | | - E Vilela
- Lageado Biotecnologia e Pecuária, Mineiros, GO, 75830-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - J L M Vasconcelos
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, 18168-000, Brazil.
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10
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Riveros JAN, Pereira IC, Teixeira ACB, Diniz JHW, Borges AM, Díaz JFG, Beletti ME, Oliveira LZ. Sperm head morphometry and chromatin alterations in bulls with different conception rates. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 255:107275. [PMID: 37311270 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to analyze timed-AI conception rates (CRs) of different sires in light of their conventional semen quality parameters, sperm head morphometry, and chromatin alterations. Semen was collected in the field from six Angus bulls and used for the timed-AI of 890 suckled multiparous Nellore cows at a single farm. Semen batches were evaluated on the following in vitro parameters: sperm motility, concentration, and morphology, sperm head morphometry, and chromatin alteration types. The overall CR was 49% and Bulls 1 (43%) and 2 (40%) presented reduced (P < 0.05) pregnancies per AI compared to Bull 6 (61%), even though no differences were observed between their conventional semen quality parameters. Bull 1, however, presented higher (P = 0.0001) shape factor, smaller (P = 0.0025) antero-posterior symmetry, and elevated (P = 0.0141) Fourier 1 parameter, whereas Bull 2 exhibited a higher (P = 0.0023) percentage of chromatin alteration along the central axis of the sperm head. In conclusion, bulls with varying CRs may present sperm head morphometric differences and/or chromatin alterations while not presenting differences in conventional in vitro semen quality parameters. Although further studies are needed to elucidate the concrete implications of chromatin alterations on field fertility, sperm morphometric differences and chromatin alterations may be at least partially causative of the lower pregnancies per timed-AI of certain sires.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Andrés Nivia Riveros
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Cristina Pereira
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Bahia Teixeira
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Juliana Horta Wilke Diniz
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Alan Maia Borges
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Juan Felipe García Díaz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, National University of Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Marcelo Emílio Beletti
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Leticia Zoccolaro Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
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11
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Reineri PS, Bernhard SDR, Principi SA, Gerlero GD, Aller JF. Effects of two protocols of ovulation synchronization on corpus luteum size and blood flow, progesterone concentration, and pregnancy rate in beef heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 251:107223. [PMID: 36965397 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 7-day estradiol-progesterone-based [Treat(C)] and 5-day Co-Synch plus progesterone [Treat(Co-Sy)] protocols on ovulation time, pre-ovulatory follicle diameter, corpus luteum (CL) size and blood flow, progesterone (P4) concentration and pregnancy rate (PR) in beef heifers. In Experiment 1, a crossover design was applied (n = 9). For Treat(C), a progesterone intravaginal (PI) device was inserted, plus 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (day 0). On day 7, 500 µg of cloprostenol plus 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate were administered, and PI was removed. For Treat(Co-Sy), on day 0, a PI was inserted plus 100 µg gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). On day 5, PI was removed, plus 500 µg of cloprostenol and 100 µg of GnRH were administered at 69-70 h later. From day one to ovulation day, dominant follicle was evaluated by ultrasonography. On days 4 and 8 post-ovulation, CL was evaluated by color Doppler, and P4 concentration was determined by chemiluminescence. In Experiment 2, a split-plot experimental design was used. Protocols followed were the same as in Experiment 1 [Treat(C); n = 310 and Treat(Co-Sy); n = 314]. Heifers were fixed-time artificially inseminated. Pregnancy was determined on day 41. In Experiment 1, the interval between PI removal and ovulation time was different between protocols (P < 0.01). In addition, P4 concentration was related to the CL size (P < 0.001), CL blood flow (P < 0.01) and protocols (P < 0.03). In Experiment 2, PR did not differ between protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sebastián Reineri
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), EEA Santiago del Estero, La Abrita, Santiago del Estero G4206XBK, Argentina; Faculty of Agronomy and Agribusiness (FAyA), National University of Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero G4206XCP, Argentina.
| | - Sergio Daniel Roldán Bernhard
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), EEA Santiago del Estero, La Abrita, Santiago del Estero G4206XBK, Argentina
| | | | - Gustavo Daniel Gerlero
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), EEA Santiago del Estero, La Abrita, Santiago del Estero G4206XBK, Argentina
| | - Juan Florencio Aller
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), EEA Balcarce, 7620 Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Consentini CEC, Alves RLOR, Silva MA, Galindez JPA, Madureira G, Lima LG, Gonçalves JRS, Wiltbank MC, Sartori R. What are the factors associated with pregnancy loss after timed-artificial insemination in Bos indicus cattle? Theriogenology 2023; 196:264-269. [PMID: 36436362 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy loss (PL) has important impacts on the profitability of livestock production systems, although it is not widely reported, particularly in Bos indicus cattle. The present study retrospectively evaluated PL after timed-artificial insemination (TAI) in Bos indicus (Nelore) beef cows corresponding to several factors, such as parity, body condition score (BCS), presence of corpus luteum (CL) at the beginning of TAI protocols, expression of estrus, and hormonal manipulations during the TAI protocol. Data from two experiments performed during three breeding seasons (BS) were reanalyzed. Both experiments evaluated adding GnRH treatment at TAI in a 7-d estradiol (E2) plus progesterone (P4)-based protocol, with intravaginal P4 implant removal on Day 7 combined with treatment with 0.5 or 1.0 mg E2 cypionate and 300 IU eCG, and TAI on Day 9. In addition, during BS 2 and 3 (Exp 2), cows were randomized to receive or not a PGF treatment on Day 0 (beginning of the TAI protocol). In all BS, presence of CL and BCS were evaluated at the beginning of TAI protocols, follicle size and expression of estrus were evaluated at TAI. The PL was assessed between the first pregnancy diagnosis (∼35d) and parturition. There were no effects of hormonal manipulations within TAI protocols of different BS on PL. There was no interaction between GnRH treatment at TAI and the other variables within BS, and there was no main effect of GnRH treatment on PL (without = 10.1% [102/1007] vs. with = 10.4% [114/1100]). The addition of PGF on Day 0 had no effect on PL (11.5% [102/886] vs. 10.5% [89/850]), as well as EC dose to induce final ovulation (10.8% [89/827] vs. 11.2% [102/909] for 0.5 and 1.0 mg, respectively). Primiparous had greater PL than multiparous cows (14.0% [77/550] vs. 8.9% [139/1557]), and cows not expressing estrus near TAI had greater PL than those expressing estrus (13.5% [57/422] vs. 9.7% [156/1617]). There was no interaction between follicle size at TAI and GnRH treatment on PL. However, probability of PL decreased linearly as follicle size at TAI increased. There were no effects of service number (first TAI or resynchronization), BCS, or presence of CL on D0 on PL. In addition, PL was not affected by sire within any of the BS. In conclusion, some factors that are known to impact pregnancy per AI also influenced PL, such as parity and expression of estrus, although, other aspects such as BCS, number of services, and presence of CL on D0 did not affect PL. Moreover, commonly implemented treatments to increase fertility (e.g., PGF on Day 0 and increasing EC dose to 1.0 mg) did not affect PL. Finally, the GnRH treatment at TAI had no effect on PL and did not interact with any of the variables, an important result, since GnRH at TAI also increases fertility in Bos indicus beef cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E C Consentini
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil; Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Rodrigo L O R Alves
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Mateus A Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Juan P A Galindez
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Madureira
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Laísse G Lima
- "Hildegard Georgina Von Pritzelwiltz" Experimental Station, Londrina, PR, 86010-990, Brazil
| | - José R S Gonçalves
- "Hildegard Georgina Von Pritzelwiltz" Experimental Station, Londrina, PR, 86010-990, Brazil
| | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Roberto Sartori
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
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13
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Nishimura TK, da Silva AG, Abitante G, Dahlen CR, Goulart RS, Zamudio GDR, Luz Silva S, Santana MHDA, Saran Netto A, Leme PR, Pugliesi G. Effects of early weaning on the reproductive performance of suckled Nelore cows in the subsequent breeding season. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad330. [PMID: 37777868 PMCID: PMC10642726 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of early weaning (EW) on body composition, hormone concentrations and metabolites, and reproductive performance of Nelore cows in the subsequent breeding season (BS). Suckled cows that became pregnant by timed-AI (TAI) in the 2020-BS were exposed in 2021 to early weaning at 150 d (27 primiparous [PRI] and 74 multiparous [MUL]) or conventional weaning (CW) at 240 d postpartum (30 PRI and 77 MUL). Body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) were determined at 2020-BS, EW, CW, prepartum, and 2021-BS. Blood samples were collected at EW, CW, prepartum (54.75 ± 0.56 d prepartum), and 2021-TAI and assayed for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations. In 2021-BS, cows were exposed to a P4/E2-based protocol for TAI at day 0 (D0), and a second TAI was performed at D22 in females detected with luteolysis (D20) by Doppler ultrasound. The presence of corpus luteum (CL) on D10, estrous expression, and dominant follicle (DF) diameter, and blood perfusion (BP) on D2 and D0 were determined. Data were analyzed by ANOVA or logistic regression of SAS as a 2 × 2 factorial with main factors of parity (PRI or MUL) and weaning strategy (EW or CW). An interaction of parity and weaning strategy was not observed (P > 0.1), but the weight (kg) and BCS were greater (P < 0.05) in MUL cows at the five timepoints, and EW cows were heavier than CW at the moment of CW (541 vs. 493 kg; and 5.3 vs. 4.3), prepartum (551 vs. 506 kg; and 5.2 vs. 4.4) and 2021-BS (475 vs. 450 kg; and 4.5 vs. 3.7). Plasma urea concentration at 2021-BS was greater (P = 0.01) for PRI than for MUL. A parity-by-time interaction was observed (P ≤ 0.05) for concentrations of IGF-I, NEFA, and BHB. PRI cows had greater (P ≤ 0.05) concentrations of IGF-I at EW and greater (P ≤ 0.05) prepartum concentrations of NEFA and BHB than MUL cows. The proportion of cows with CL at D10 was not affected (P > 0.1) by weaning but was greater (P < 0.05) in MUL than in PRI cows (40.4 vs. 15.7%). The diameter of DF and proportion of BP on D0 were greater (P < 0.05) in EW cows than in CW cows. The pregnancy rate (P/AI, %) at the first TAI was greater (P < 0.05) in EW cows (60% vs. 45%), whereas no difference (P > 0.1) was observed at the second TAI. Cumulative P/AI (first and second TAIs) was greater (P < 0.05) in EW cows (81% vs. 63%). In conclusion, weaning at 150 d in Nelore cattle is a strategy to successfully recover the parous cow's body condition and to improve pregnancy success in the next BS, regardless of the cow's parity order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Kan Nishimura
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda Guimarães da Silva
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Abitante
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Carl Robertson Dahlen
- North Dakota State University, Department of Animal Science, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, NDSU Department 7630, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Rodrigo Silva Goulart
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Germán Darío Ramírez Zamudio
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Saulo Luz Silva
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Miguel Henrique de Almeida Santana
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Arlindo Saran Netto
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Leme
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pugliesi
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
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14
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Carvalho LR, Souza Simões LM, Lemos LA, Vicente MP, Souza SV, Gonçales Junior WA, Guerreiro BM, de Freitas BG, de Souza JC, Sousa Sales JN. Use of injectable progesterone to replace the intravaginal progesterone device on the ovulation synchronization protocol reduces the pregnancy rate in Bos indicus cows. Theriogenology 2023; 195:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Martins T, Rocha CC, Driver JD, Rae O, Elzo MA, Mateescu RG, Santos JEP, Binelli M. What a 31-yr multibreed herd taught us about the influence of B. indicus genetics on reproductive performance of cows. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac366. [PMID: 36331079 PMCID: PMC9733534 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bos taurus × Bos indicus crosses are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, nonetheless, quantitative information about the influence of B. indicus genetics on the reproductive performance of beef cattle is lacking. Herein, we determined the association between level of B. indicus genetics and reproduction from a 31-yr dataset comprising sequential breeding seasons of the University of Florida multibreed herd (n = 6,503 Angus × Brahman cows). The proportion of B. indicus genetics in this herd is evenly distributed by each 1/32nd or approximately 3-percentage points. From 1989 to 2020, the estrous cycle of cows was synchronized for artificial insemination (AI) based on detected estrus or timed-AI (TAI) using programs based on gonadotropin-releasing hormone and prostaglandin, and progestin/progesterone. All cows were exposed to natural service after AI and approximately 90-d breeding seasons, considering the day of AI as day 0. The proportion of B. indicus genetics of cows was associated negatively with pregnancy per AI, ranging from 51.6% for cows with 0%-19% of B. indicus genetics to 37.4% for cows with 81%-100% of B. indicus genetics. Similar association was found for estrous response at the end of the synchronization protocol, ranging from 66.3% to 38.4%, respectively. This reduced estrous response helped to explain the pregnancy results, once the pregnancy to AI of cows showing estrus was 2.3-fold greater than for those not showing estrus and submitted to TAI. Despite reduced pregnancy per AI, the increase in the proportion of B. indicus genetics of cows was not associated with a reduction in the proportion of pregnant cows at the end of the breeding season. Nevertheless, the interval from entering the breeding season to pregnancy was lengthened as the proportion of B. indicus genetics of cows increased. The median days to pregnancy was extended by 25 when the proportion of B. indicus genetics surpassed 78% compared with less than 20%. Thus, the increase in the proportion of B. indicus genetics of cows was related to a reduction in pregnancy per AI and lengthening the interval to attain pregnancy during the breeding season, but not with the final proportion of pregnant cows. As a result, reproductive management strategies directed specifically to cows with a greater proportion of B. indicus genetics are needed to improve the rate of pregnancy in beef herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Martins
- Department of Animal Sciences and D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences and Brown Loam Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Cecilia C Rocha
- Department of Animal Sciences and D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph Danny Driver
- Department of Animal Sciences and D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Owen Rae
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mauricio A Elzo
- Department of Animal Sciences and D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Raluca G Mateescu
- Department of Animal Sciences and D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jose Eduardo P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences and D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mario Binelli
- Department of Animal Sciences and D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Diniz J, Riveros J, Teixeira A, Pereira I, Borges A, Monteiro G, Peres R, Rocha L, Beletti M, Oliveira L. In vitro sperm characteristics and in vivo fertility of sex-sorted and conventional semen in suckled Nelore cows at a traditional schedule for timed-AI with estrus detection. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess in vitro sperm characteristics and pregnancies/AI (P/AI) of conventional and sex-sorted semen at timed-AI of suckled, multiparous Nelore cows. All cows (n=348) were submitted to a traditional estradiol/progesterone(P4)-based protocol. At 48h after P4-device removal, the estrous behavior was recorded, and AI was performed with conventional or sex-sorted semen from two bulls. The following sperm assessments were performed: CASA, Hyposmotic Test, sperm morphometry and chromatin structure by TB staining. P/AI were reduced (P<0.001) for sex-sorted compared to conventional semen in cows expressing estrus (27vs47%) or not (11vs.37%). Membrane integrity (Bull1: 30.3±9.6 vs. 52.3±12.4%, P=0.01; Bull2: 24.5±3.0 vs. 48.7±1.6%, P=0.006) and sperm concentration (Bull1: 23.2±0.6 vs. 43.0±0.8x10⁶sperm/mL, P<0.001; Bull2: 25.1±2.8 vs. 42.1±0.7x10⁶sperm/mL; P<0.001) were reduced in sex-sorted compared to conventional semen, for both bulls. Total and progressive motility were reduced in sex-sorted semen for Bull1 (TM: 49.7±15.9 vs. 94.9±1.9%, P=0.007; PM: 16.7±3.4 vs. 44.1±13.2%, P=0.009) and no differences were detected for Bull2 (TM: 45.0±17.5 vs. 68.2±19.1%, P=0.098; PM: 12.8±4.7 vs. 30.0±13.0%, P=0.065). Sperm ellipticity from sex-sorted was lower than conventional semen for Bull2 (0.306±0.01 vs. 0.342±0.02, P=0.02) and no difference was detected for Bull1 (0.332±0.01 vs. 0.330±0.01, P=0.55). Reduced in vivo fertility was observed for sex-sorted semen, regardless of estrous behavior. In vitro sperm quality of sex-sorted semen was compromised for both bulls, but differently affected for each sire.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - A.M. Borges
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - L.O. Rocha
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Brazil
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17
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da Silva FP, Neves KAL, Correa FRA, Silva LKX, Batista HR, da Silva WC, Mercado Caruso N, Minervino AHH. Follicular Dynamics and Pregnancy Rate in Nellore Heifers Submitted to Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination Protocols (FTAI). Vet Sci 2022; 9:377. [PMID: 35893770 PMCID: PMC9332594 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate follicular dynamics and pregnancy rates in Nellore heifers submitted to fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols associated with equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) or follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Nellore heifers (n = 259) were used, divided into two studies. Experiment I evaluated the ovarian follicular dynamics in 64 Nellore heifers submitted to different FTAI protocols (n = 32/group) using either FSH or eCG. In Experiment II, the pregnancy rate was evaluated in 195 heifers submitted to FTAI protocols and divided into two groups: FSH (n = 97) and eCG (n = 98). In Experiment I, the ultrasound examination showed that the maximum diameter of the dominant and preovulatory follicles and the ovulation time were similar between the FSH and eCG groups (p > 0.05). However, the ovulation rate was higher in the eCG group when compared to FSH (p = 0.014). In Experiment II, females that received eCG presented a higher pregnancy rate (58.1%) when compared to FSH (40.2%) (p = 0.012). The use of eCG in the FTAI protocol in Nellore heifers promoted a higher ovulation rate and increased pregnancy rate and may be the most suitable alternative to increase conception rates in animals that are raised in an extensive system under tropical conditions in the Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Prudente da Silva
- Centro Universitário da Amazônia, Santarém 68010-200, PA, Brazil; (F.P.d.S.); (F.R.A.C.); (L.K.X.S.); (H.R.B.); (W.C.d.S.)
| | - Kedson Alessandri Lobo Neves
- Laboratory of Animal Health (LARSANA), Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA), Rua Vera Paz, s/n, Salé, Santarém 68040-255, PA, Brazil;
| | - Francisco R. A. Correa
- Centro Universitário da Amazônia, Santarém 68010-200, PA, Brazil; (F.P.d.S.); (F.R.A.C.); (L.K.X.S.); (H.R.B.); (W.C.d.S.)
| | - Lílian K. X. Silva
- Centro Universitário da Amazônia, Santarém 68010-200, PA, Brazil; (F.P.d.S.); (F.R.A.C.); (L.K.X.S.); (H.R.B.); (W.C.d.S.)
| | - Helder R. Batista
- Centro Universitário da Amazônia, Santarém 68010-200, PA, Brazil; (F.P.d.S.); (F.R.A.C.); (L.K.X.S.); (H.R.B.); (W.C.d.S.)
| | - Welligton C. da Silva
- Centro Universitário da Amazônia, Santarém 68010-200, PA, Brazil; (F.P.d.S.); (F.R.A.C.); (L.K.X.S.); (H.R.B.); (W.C.d.S.)
| | - Nohora Mercado Caruso
- Departamento Productividad e Innovación, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 n.55-66, Barranquilla 080001, Atlántico, Colombia;
| | - Antonio Humberto Hamad Minervino
- Laboratory of Animal Health (LARSANA), Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA), Rua Vera Paz, s/n, Salé, Santarém 68040-255, PA, Brazil;
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18
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Evans HC, Briggs EF, Burnett RH, Contreras-Correa ZE, Duvic MA, Dysart LM, Gilmore AA, Messman RD, Reid D, Rasit Ugur M, Kaya A, Memili E. Harnessing the value of reproductive hormones in cattle production with considerations to animal welfare and human health. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6620798. [PMID: 35772763 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The human population is ever increasing while the quality and quantity of natural resources used for livestock production decline. This calls for improved product efficiency and the development of improved and sustainable cattle production methods to produce higher quality products to satisfy the demands of both the modern and transient world. The goal of this review was to summarize the interactions, challenges, and opportunities in cattle production relating to their endocrine system, and how reproductive hormones and others impact economically important traits, animal welfare, and human health. A comprehensive literature search was conducted with a focus on analysis of natural hormones and the use of exogenous hormone administration for reproduction, growth, and development of beef and dairy cattle. Hormones regulate homeostasis and enhance important traits in cattle, including fertility, growth and development, health, and the production of both meat and milk products. Reproductive hormones such as testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, and related synthetics like trenbolone acetate and zeranol can be strategically utilized in both beef and dairy cattle production systems to enhance their most valuable traits, but the impact of these substances must account for the welfare of the animal as well as the health of the consumer. This scientific review provides a comprehensive analysis of the bovine endocrine system's impact on food animals and product quality which is vital for students, researchers, livestock producers, and consumers. Although important advances have been made in animal science and related technological fields, major gaps still exist in the knowledge base regarding the influence of hormones on the production and welfare of food animals as well as in the public perception of hormone use in food-producing animals. Filling these gaps through transformative and translational research will enhance both fundamental and applied animal science to feed a growing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly C Evans
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Elanie F Briggs
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Randy H Burnett
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Zully E Contreras-Correa
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Morgan A Duvic
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Lacey M Dysart
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Alicia A Gilmore
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Riley D Messman
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Dana Reid
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Muhammet Rasit Ugur
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Abdullah Kaya
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.,Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Erdogan Memili
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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19
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Carvalho RS, Cooke RF, Cappellozza BI, Peres RFG, Pohler KG, Vasconcelos JLM. Influence of body condition score and its change after parturition on pregnancy rates to fixed-timed artificial insemination in Bos indicus beef cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 243:107028. [PMID: 35759852 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This experiment evaluated pregnancy rates to fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in Bos indicus beef cows according to their body condition score (BCS) at calving and subsequent change until 30 days after FTAI. Non-pregnant, suckling Nelore cows (n = 593 primiparous, 461 secundiparous, and 893 multiparous) were evaluated for BCS at calving and FTAI, and at 30 days after FTAI when cow pregnancy status was verified. Cow BCS at calving was subtracted from BCS recorded at pregnancy diagnosis, and cows classified as those that lost BCS (L), maintained BCS (M), or gained BCS (G) during this period. Cows that calved with BCS ≥ 5.0 had greater (P < 0.01) BCS throughout the experiment, and greater (P < 0.01) pregnancy rates to FTAI compared with cows that calved with BCS < 5.0 (54.8 vs. 34.2%). Pregnancy rates to FTAI were greater (P < 0.01) for G and M cows compared with L cows (50.0%, 47.5%, and 36.0%, respectively), and similar (P = 0.46) between G and M cows. Moreover, pregnancy rates to FTAI in G cows that calved with BCS < 5.0 were less compared with L (tendency; P = 0.08) and M cows (P < 0.01) that calved with BCS ≥ 5.0 (42.2%, 48.3%, and 58.3%, respectively). In summary, pregnancy rates to FTAI were greater in B. indicus cows that calved with a BCS ≥ 5.0 regardless of parity and post-calving BCS change, and greater in M and G cows within those that calved with BCS < 5.0 or ≥ 5.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Carvalho
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18168-000, Brazil
| | - R F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA.
| | | | - R F G Peres
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18168-000, Brazil
| | - K G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
| | - J L M Vasconcelos
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18168-000, Brazil.
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20
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Martini A, Pessoa G, Rubin M. Conception rate according to sire, body condition score and estrus occurrence of suckled Bos taurus beef cows submitted to timed artificial insemination. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of estrus expression, body condition score (BCS), different sires and semen batches on the conception rate of suckled Bos taurus beef cows submitted to timed artificial insemination (TAI). Data from 7,737 TAI were obtained from five farms in South Brazil. Cows received an estradiol plus progesterone-based estrous synchronization protocol. Only sires (n = 13) with at least two semen batches and 50 AI in two different lots were included in the study. Conception rate was higher for cows in estrus (66.8% vs. 26.3%) or with BCS ≥ 3 (57.2% vs. 51.6%) than in cows without estrus or BCS < 3, respectively (P≤0.001). Conception rate per sire ranged from 42.6% (Sire L) to 74.3% (Sire K). Conception rate in cows with BCS ≥ 3 and estrus occurrence varied from 47.4% (Sire L) to 86.1% (Sire A) among sires. Conception rate differed among semen batches of the same sire (B1 = 58.5%, B2 = 62.5%, and B3 = 83.2%). In conclusion, there was individual variation in conception rate among AI sires and semen batches within sires. The conception rate was increased by estrus occurrence and greater BCS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M.I.B. Rubin
- Universidade Federal Santa Maria, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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21
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Pfeifer L, Gasperin B, Cestaro J, Schneider A. Postponing TAI in beef cows with small preovulatory follicles. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 242:107006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Oliveira Filho R, Cooke R, de Mello G, Pereira V, Vasconcelos J, Pohler K. The effect of subclinical endometritis on reproductive performance in postpartum Bos indicus multiparous beef cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 237:106928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.106928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Silva AG, Pinto LMF, Silva NDA, Mattos ACD, Ambrósio PH, Duarte KMR, Alvarez RH, Pugliesi G. Comparison of three doses of estradiol benzoate for synchronization of follicular wave emergence in suckled Bos indicus beef cows. Anim Reprod 2021; 18:e20210016. [PMID: 34691264 PMCID: PMC8480989 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2021-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to compare the effect of three estradiol benzoate (EB) doses on follicular wave emergence (FWE) and dominant follicle growth of suckled Nelore cows submitted to TAI (D0). On a random day of estrous cycle (D−10), multiparous (MULT; n=36) and primiparous (PRIM; n=20) suckled Nelore cows received an intravaginal progesterone (P4) device and were assigned in three groups. Cows in the EB-1 (n=20), EB-1.5 (n=15) or EB-2 (n=21) groups received, respectively, an im treatment with 1, 1.5 or 2 mg EB. A subgroup (n=10-13 cows/group) were subject to daily ovarian evaluations from D−10 to D0. On D−2, P4 devices were removed, and all cows received the same treatment: 1 mg estradiol cypionate, 0.53 mg sodium cloprostenol, and 300 IU eCG. Statistical analyses were performed considering only the main effects of treatment group and parity order. The proportion of cows with a synchronized FWE and the moment of the FWE did not differ (p>0.05) among the treatment groups (overall: 80% [28/35] and 4.1 ± 0.4 days); however, the FWE occurred earlier (p=0.007) in MULT (3.8 ± 0.2 days) than PRIM (5.1 ± 0.4) cows. The proportion of animals detected in estrus was greater (86% [31/36] vs. 70% [14/20]; p=0.02) and the dominant follicle was larger on D−2 (9.7 ± 0.3 mm vs. 7.8 ± 0.7 mm; p=0.006) and D0 (11.9 ± 0.4 mm vs. 10 ± 0.5 mm; p=0.008) in MULT than PRIM cows. In conclusion, the three EB doses presented similar efficiency to synchronize the FWE in suckled Nelore cows. Moreover, a delayed FWE and smaller dominant follicle is observed in PRIM cows, contributing to the reduced reproductive performance in this parity category when using similar TAI protocols of MULT cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Guimarães Silva
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Leonardo Marin Ferreira Pinto
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Nadark de Amorim Silva
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Clara Degan Mattos
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Pablo Henrique Ambrósio
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Keila Maria Roncato Duarte
- Unidade de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Tietê, Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, Tietê, SP, Brasil
| | - Rafael Herrera Alvarez
- Unidade de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Tietê, Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, Tietê, SP, Brasil
| | - Guilherme Pugliesi
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
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24
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Effects of body condition score at initiation of the breeding season on reproductive performance and overall productivity of Bos taurus and B. indicus beef cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 232:106820. [PMID: 34364040 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate reproductive and productive responses of Bos indicus and B. taurus beef cows according to body condition score (BCS) at initiation of the annual breeding season. Non-pregnant, suckling multiparous cows were assigned to a fixed-time artificial insemination treatment regimen followed by natural service. Cows were classified as having a BCS < 5.0 (B. taurus, n = 158; B. indicus, n = 248) or BCS ≥ 5.0 (B. taurus, n = 173; B. indicus, n = 122). Calving rate was greater (P < 0.03) in cows with a BCS ≥ 5.0 (93.7 % and 85.1 % in B. taurus, 83.6 % and 73.3 % in B. indicus), which also calved earlier (P < 0.01) compared with cows with a BCS < 5.0. Cows with a BCS ≥ 5.0 weaned more (P ≤ 0.05) calves compared with those with a BCS < 5.0, which were older (P ≤ 0.04) and weighed more (P ≤ 0.09) at weaning (258 and 252 kg in B. taurus, 213 and 203 kg in B. indicus). Kilograms of calf weaned/cow in the breeding herd were greater (P ≤ 0.03) in cows with a BCS ≥ 5.0 compared with those with a BCS < 5.0 (221 and 200 kg in B. taurus, 159 and 129 d in B. indicus). Collectively, cows with a BCS ≥ 5.0 at initiation of the breeding season had greater reproductive and overall productivity during a cow-calf cycle, and these outcomes were observed in B. taurus and B. indicus cowherds.
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25
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Magnetic-activated cell sorting improves high-quality spermatozoa in bovine semen. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.12750/jarb.36.2.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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26
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Hasan MMI, Hasan M, Harun-Or-Rashid M, Rahman M, Rahman MS, Juyena NS. Standard feeding strategies with natural insemination improved fertility in repeat breeding dairy cows. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8:282-290. [PMID: 34395599 PMCID: PMC8280983 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2021.h513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The experiment was designed to establish suitable management strategies through the different feeding and breeding approaches on fertility improvement in the experimental repeat breeding (RB) cows. Materials and Methods: 80 RB cows were selected for this experiment. Before grouping, all cows were deworming and then divided into four equal groups, namely Group–TF1 [traditional feeding practice and natural insemination (NI)], Group–TF2 [traditional feeding practice and Artificial insemination (AI)], Group–SF1 [standard (STD) feeding practice and NI], and Group–SF2 (STD feeding practice and AI). These allocated RB cows were fed by traditional and STD feeding methods for 90 days and then inseminated by AI and NI breeding systems. The dominant follicle (DF) diameter, hemato-biochemical elements, and estrogen (E2) hormone were estimated during the insemination of cows. Estimation of the pregnancy rate was carried out at days 45–90 post-insemination in the cows. Results: The pregnancy rate was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in STD feeding practice with NI when compared to traditional feeding practice irrespective of breeding systems, and it was also significantly (p < 0.05) higher in NI than in AI breeding system, irrespective of feeding strategies. The results also showed that the diameter of DF, serum E2, total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, total cholesterol, total protein, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, ferric iron, copper, zinc, and magnesium at the time of insemination were significantly (p < 0.01) elevated in the experimental RB cows with STD feeding practice. The diameter of DF and serum E2 were significant (p < 0.01) and positively correlated with all hemato-biochemical elements in the cows at the time of insemination. Conclusion: The results suggest that NI with STD feeding practice may increase fertility in RB cows by improving general health status. Finally, it could support the veterinarians and researchers to define the management strategies using feeding and breeding strategies to prevent repeat breeding syndrome in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Md Iqbal Hasan
- Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.,Department of Physiology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Moinul Hasan
- Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Harun-Or-Rashid
- Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Marzia Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Siddiqur Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Nasrin Sultana Juyena
- Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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27
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Pfeifer LFM, Rodrigues WB, Nogueira E. Relationship between body condition score index and fertility in beef cows subjected to timed artificial insemination. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Hidalgo MMT, Almeida ABMD, Moraes FLZD, Marubayashi RYP, Souza FFD, Barreiros TRR, Martins MIM. Sperm subpopulations influence the pregnancy rates in cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1117-1127. [PMID: 34013640 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to study the characteristics and subpopulations of spermatozoa from bulls with low and high reproductive performance based on pregnancy rates. Based on historical records of pregnancy rate from four farms, 24 bulls were selected. Two groups were established, with low pregnancy rates (n = 12; LOW), including bulls that presented pregnancy rates <52.27% (33.33% to 51.81%); and a group with high pregnancy rates (n = 12; HIGH), with pregnancy rates >52.27% (52.27% to 69.64%), after fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). The thawed sperm straws were analysed to sperm kinetics, morphology, plasma membrane integrity and sperm subpopulations. The LOW group exhibited a higher proportion of static cells (p < .05). In contrast, the HIGH group showed greater percentages for membrane integrity and total and progressive motility, and cells with fast and medium velocity (p < .05). In the cluster procedures, four sperm subpopulations were established. The low-fertility bulls presented the highest percentage of subpopulation 2 (41.46%), characterized by slow and progressive spermatozoa. The high-fertility bulls exhibited the highest percentage of subpopulation 3 (37.17%), characterized by fast and nonlinear spermatozoa. Results from this study indicated that bulls with greater percentages of fast and nonlinear spermatozoa seem to have greater fertilization capacity and the subpopulations analysis can be considered a tool to identify ejaculates with high fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Beatriz Marques de Almeida
- Laboratório de Andrologia e Reprodução Animal Assistida (LARAA), Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabiana Ferreira de Souza
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Thales Ricardo Rigo Barreiros
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução Animal, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná (UENP), Bandeirantes, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Mello Martins
- Laboratório de Andrologia e Reprodução Animal Assistida (LARAA), Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
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Almeida J, Brito M, Neves B, Becerra V, Auler P, Hadad J, Baruselli P, Henry M. Use of cooled buffalo semen as a strategy to increase conception rates in fixed-time artificial insemination programs during unfavorable reproductive periods. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare the reproductive efficiency of dairy buffaloes undergoing fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols based on progesterone/estrogen (P4/E2) and eCG during unfavorable breeding season using cooled (CS) and frozen semen (FS). A total of 446 buffaloes (> 40 days postpartum) were randomly distributed into four blocks (years): B1-2014 (n = 143), B2-2015 (n = 34), B3-2016 (n = 90), and B4-2017 (n = 179). Each block was subdivided into two (AI with CS and FS using the same ejaculate of each bull). Thus, the block subdivision was as follows: B1 (CS = 71 and FS = 72); B2 (CS = 18 and FS = 16); B3 (CS = 47 and FS = 43); and B4 (CS = 90 and FS = 89). The ejaculates of eight Murrah bulls collected using an artificial vagina were divided into two aliquots: one aliquot was diluted in Botu-Bov® commercial extender and cooled (BB-CS), and the other was diluted in the same extender and frozen (BB-FS). BB-CS aliquots were cooled at 5 °C/24 h using a refrigerator. BB-FS group aliquots were also cooled, and after equilibrating at 5 °C for 4 h, were placed in a 21-L Styrofoam box, 5 cm above the surface of liquid nitrogen. In the afternoon (A) on D0 (2:00 p.m.) the animals received EB 2.0 mg IM (Estrogin®) and an ear implant (CRESTAR® 3.0 mg P4). At D9 (A), the implant was removed, and the animals received eCG 400 IU IM (Folligon® 5000) + Cloprostenol PGF2α 0.530 mg IM (Sincrocio®). At D10 (A), the animals received EB 1.0 mg IM (Estrogin®), and at D12 (8:00 a.m.), AI was performed. At D42, pregnancy was diagnosed via ultrasonography. Total CRs were 48.2% CS and 34.6% FS for years 2014 to 2017, with a significant difference of 13.7% (P<0.05). In conclusion, cooled semen resulted in higher CR than frozen semen in dairy buffaloes under the P4/E2 and eCG FTAI during the unfavorable reproductive season.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Almeida
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M.F. Brito
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - B.P. Neves
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - P.A. Auler
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J.P. Hadad
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - M. Henry
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Alves RLOR, Silva MA, Consentini CEC, E Silva LO, Folchini NP, Oliva AL, Prata AB, Gonçalves JRS, Wiltbank MC, Sartori R. Hormonal combinations aiming to improve reproductive outcomes of Bos indicus cows submitted to estradiol/progesterone-based timed AI protocols. Theriogenology 2021; 169:89-99. [PMID: 33945944 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to study reproductive outcomes of Nelore (Bos indicus) cows submitted to a 7-d estradiol (E2)/progesterone (P4)-based timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol, receiving various combinations of doses and hormones. Primiparous (n = 962) and multiparous (n = 1935) cows were submitted to synchronization (n = 2012) and resynchronization (n = 885 non-pregnant cows at pregnancy diagnosis 30 d after TAI) protocols, following a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of eight treatments. At the initiation of the TAI protocol (Day -9), all cows received a 1.0 g intravaginal P4 insert, 2.0 mg E2 benzoate and received (PGF1) or not (PGF0) 0.5 mg cloprostenol sodium (PGF). On Day -2, the P4 insert was removed, all cows received 0.5 mg PGF, 300 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and 0.5 (EC0.5) or 1.0 mg estradiol cypionate (EC1.0). On Day 0, cows were treated (G1) with 8.4 μg buserelin acetate (GnRH) or not (G0), concurrently with TAI. The eight treatments were generated: 1) PGF0-EC0.5-G0 (n = 364), 2) PGF0-EC0.5-G1 (n = 363), 3) PGF1-EC0.5-G0 (n = 363), 4) PGF1-EC0.5-G1 (n = 360), 5) PGF0-EC-1.0-G0 (n = 360), 6) PGF0-EC1.0-G1 (n = 363), 7) PGF1-EC1.0-G0 (n = 361), and 8) PGF1-EC1.0-G1 (n = 363). Pregnancy per AI (P/AI) was greater at first AI compared with resynchronization (58.9 [n = 2012] vs. 54.9% [n = 885]). Presence of CL on Day -9 resulted in more cows expressing estrus (81.3 [n = 680] vs. 67.1% [n = 2033]) and greater P/AI (66.0 [n = 692] vs. 54.9% [n = 2106]). There was no difference in P/AI between cows that received or not PGF on Day -9 (58.7 [n = 1447] vs. 56.6% [n = 1450]). In contrast, PGF tended to increase P/AI of cows with CL on Day -9 (with PGF = 69.1 [n = 375] vs. without PGF = 62.5% [n = 317]). Cows that received 1.0 mg EC expressed more estrus than those treated with 0.5 mg (73.8 [n = 1414] vs. 67.9% [n = 1398]) and had greater P/AI (60.2 [n = 1447] vs. 55.1% [n = 1450]). P/AI was greater in cows treated with GnRH at TAI (59.8 [n = 1449] vs. 55.5% [n = 1448]), particularly in cows that did not show estrus (52.7 [n = 393] vs. 38.1% [n = 420]). Moreover, GnRH on Day 0 increased P/AI in cows with BCS < 3.0 (57.1 [n = 723] vs. 48.6% [n = 698]), in primiparous (50.1 [n = 465] vs. 41.9% [n = 497]) and in cows that received 0.5 mg EC (58.9 [n = 723] vs. 51.3% [n = 727]). In conclusion, 1.0 mg of EC on Day -2 and GnRH at TAI improved P/AI, but the combination of a higher dose of EC and GnRH treatment at AI did not enhance this effect. Furthermore, GnRH improved P/AI especially in Bos indicus cows with lower expression of estrus, such as primiparous, thinner cows, and cows treated with 0.5 mg of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo L O R Alves
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Mateus A Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos E C Consentini
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas O E Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Natália P Folchini
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Abraham L Oliva
- Cuautitlán Higher Education Faculty-UNAM, Cuautitlán Izcalli, 54740, Mexico
| | | | | | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Roberto Sartori
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
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Effects of eCG and FSH in timed artificial insemination treatment regimens on estrous expression and pregnancy rates in primiparous and multiparous Bos indicus cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 228:106751. [PMID: 33866258 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Effects were evaluated in Bos indicus cows of eCG and FSH on follicular growth, estrous expression, and pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) as a result of fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI). In Experiment 1, extent of timing-of-ovulation synchronization among cows was evaluated after imposing an estrogen/progesterone-based treatment regimen. At progesterone device removal (D8), cows were administered: eCG, or FSH or served as untreated Controls. In Experiment 2, percentage of cows P/AI was evaluated when the Experiment 1-treatment regimen was imposed. On D10, all cows were artificially inseminated. In Experiment 3, cows were assigned to two treatment groups (Control and eCG) on D8 to evaluate percentage of cows P/AI and estrous expression. In Experiment 1, follicular dynamics were similar among treatment groups. In Experiment 2, follicular growth was greater (P = 0.0001) with the eCG treatment. There was an interaction of treatment × parity (P = 0.007) on percentage of cows P/AI. There was a greater percentage of primiparous cows P/AI in the eCG-treated than Control and FSH-treated cows. There was a greater percentage of eCG-treated multiparous cows pregnant as a result of TAI than Control cows. There was an interaction of treatment × parity (P = 0.005) on P/AI in Experiment 3, in which the eCG effect was more pronounced in primiparous cows. Treatment with FSH, therefore, was not as effective as eCG in stimulation of follicular growth or enhancing percentage of cows pregnant as a result of TAI. Physiological effects of eCG, however, were also more evident in primiparous cows.
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Peres R, Cooke R, Dias H, Keisler D, Pohler K, Vasconcelos J. Relationship among serum metabolic hormones with pregnancy rates to fixed-time artificial insemination in Bos indicus beef females. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bosolasco D, Nuñez-Olivera R, de Brun V, Meikle A, Menchaca A. Estradiol cypionate administered at the end of a progesterone-based protocol for FTAI induces ovulation and improves postovulatory luteal function and uterine environment in anestrous beef cows. Theriogenology 2021; 162:74-83. [PMID: 33450716 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the administration of estradiol cypionate (ECP) at the end of an estradiol and progesterone-based protocol for fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) on ovarian response and uterine function in postpartum anestrous beef cows. Multiparous suckled cows were randomly assigned to receive ECP at doses of 0 (control, n = 15), 0.5 (n = 15) or 1.0 mg (n = 15) im at the time of progesterone intravaginal insert removal. Serum 17β-estradiol concentrations at 24 h after insert removal were greater (P < 0.05) in both ECP treatments than in controls. No differences in estradiol were found between 0.5 mg and control cows (P > 0.1) from 48 h after insert removal until ovulation, although greater (P < 0.05) concentrations were maintained until ovulation in 1.0 mg ECP treated cows. Maximum 17β-estradiol concentration attained in each female was greater as ECP dose was greater (10.4 ± 0.4, 11.8 ± 0.5 and 13.5 ± 0.7, for control, 0.5 and 1.0 mg ECP treated cows, respectively; P < 005). Proportion of cows that ovulated tended to be greater (P = 0.06) in ECP treated than in control cows. Ovulation occurred earlier and the size of the ovulatory follicle was smaller (P < 0.05) for 1.0 mg but not for 0.5 mg (P > 0.1) when compared with control cows. After ovulation (Day 13 and 14), serum progesterone concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in 0.5 and 1.0 mg ECP than control cows. Uterine environment on Day 6 after ovulation was affected by treatment; transcript expression of three of nine evaluated genes (i.e., estrogen, IGF-1 and insulin receptors genes) were upregulated (P < 0.05) after ECP treatment. In conclusion, ECP administration at progesterone insert removal in anestrous cows i) induces greater serum estradiol concentrations and tended to induce greater ovulation rate, ii) acts in a dose-dependent manner, as ECP dose increases ovulation occurs earlier and the size of the ovulatory follicle is smaller, iii) improves postovulatory luteal function and affects uterine gene expression. Altogether, this information contributes with the understanding of the effect of preovulatory estradiol exposure on ovulation and postovulatory ovarian and uterine function in anestrous beef cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bosolasco
- Fundacion IRAUy, Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Cno. Cruz del Sur, 2250, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - R Nuñez-Olivera
- Fundacion IRAUy, Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Cno. Cruz del Sur, 2250, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - V de Brun
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Metabolismo Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Laspalces, 1550, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A Meikle
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Metabolismo Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Laspalces, 1550, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A Menchaca
- Fundacion IRAUy, Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Cno. Cruz del Sur, 2250, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Dias HP, Poole RK, Albuquerque JP, Dos Santos PH, Castilho ACS, Pohler KG, Vasconcelos JLM. Progesterone dose during synchronization treatment alters luteinizing hormone receptor and steroidogenic enzyme mRNA abundances in granulosa cells of Nellore heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 225:106681. [PMID: 33421819 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate effects of progesterone (P4) dose on abundance of luteinizing hormone receptor (LHCGR), aromatase (CYP19A1), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B1), and other steroidogenic mRNA transcripts in granulosa cells from dominant follicles. Nellore heifers were assigned to one of six groups: new, first-use controlled internal drug release device (CIDR1) inserted for 5 days (Large-P4-dose-D5; n = 7) or 6 days (Large-P4-dose-D6; n = 8), prostaglandin (PG)F2α administered on D0 and 1 previously-used CIDR (CIDR3) inserted for 5 days (Small- P4-dose-D5; n = 8) or 6 days (Small-P4-dose-D6; n = 8), CIDR1 inserted on D0 and removed plus PGF2α on D5 (Large-P4-dose-proestrus (PE); n = 7), and CIDR3 and PGF2α on D0 and 1, CIDR3 removed plus PGF2α on D5 (Small-P4-dose-PE; n = 7). Duration of P4 treatment (D5 compared to D6) affected abundances of CYP19A1 mRNA transcripts, with there being greater abundances on D6 than D5 (P ≤ 0.05). Heifers treated with the large dose of P4 had a smaller dominant follicle, less serum and intra-follicular estradiol (E2) concentrations (P ≤ 0.05) and lesser LHCGR, CYP19A1, and HSD3B1 transcript abundances (P ≤ 0.05). Heifers treated to induce PE had a larger follicle diameter (P = 0.09), greater intra-follicular E2 concentrations and larger abundances of CYP19A1 mRNA transcript (P ≤ 0.05) than heifers of the D6 group. Overall, treatment with larger doses of P4 resulted in lesser abundances of LHCGR, HSD3B1, and CYP19A1 mRNA transcripts; thus, potentially leading to development of smaller dominant follicles and lesser E2 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Dias
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, 18168-000, Brazil
| | - R K Poole
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - J P Albuquerque
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, 18168-000, Brazil
| | - P H Dos Santos
- Institue of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, 18168-000, Brazil
| | - A C S Castilho
- University of Western São Paulo, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - K G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - J L M Vasconcelos
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, 18168-000, Brazil.
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Oliveira Filho RV, Cooke RF, de Mello GA, Pereira VM, Vasconcelos JLM, Pohler KG. The effect of clitoral stimulation post artificial insemination on pregnancy rates of multiparous Bos indicus beef cows submitted to estradiol/progesterone-based estrus synchronization protocol. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5856330. [PMID: 32529208 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clitoral stimulation after artificial insemination (AI) in beef cattle is a common practice utilized by AI technicians; however, the effect of clitoral stimulation during fixed-time AI (TAI) is still unknown. The objective of the present experiment was to evaluate the effect of clitoral stimulation on temperament responses and pregnancy rates to TAI in Bos indicus beef cows. A total of 1,186 multiparous Nellore cows across three different locations were assigned to an estradiol/progesterone-based estrus synchronization + TAI protocol (day -11 to 0). Cows were randomly assigned to receive either 3 s of clitoral stimulation (n = 602) or no clitoral stimulation (n = 584) immediately after TAI (day 0). Cow body condition score (BCS) was recorded on day -11. Estrus expression was evaluated based on estrus detection visual aid patch activation on day 0 (estrus, ≥50% activated; no estrus, <50% activated). Temperament was assessed by individual chute score based on a 5-point scale before TAI, and individual exit velocity was measured after clitoral stimulation. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 30 d after TAI via transrectal ultrasonography. Pregnancy rate to TAI was positively affected by BCS (P < 0.01) and estrus expression (P = 0.03). Pregnancy rates of cows receiving clitoral stimulation did not differ (P = 0.39) from cows non-stimulated (47.5 ± 4.6% vs. 44.3 ± 4.6%, respectively). No interaction of clitoral stimulation and estrus expression was observed (P = 0.26). Chute score was positively correlated to exit velocity (P < 0.01; r = 0.29); however, clitoral stimulation did not affect exit velocity (P = 0.86). In summary, pregnancy rates to TAI are influenced by various factors and multiple strategies have the potential to increase the fertility of beef cows submitted to TAI; however, clitoral stimulation of Bos indicus beef cows did not improve TAI pregnancy rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro V Oliveira Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Gustavo A de Mello
- Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ky G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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de Lima MA, Morotti F, Bayeux BM, de Rezende RG, Botigelli RC, De Bem THC, Fontes PK, Nogueira MFG, Meirelles FV, Baruselli PS, da Silveira JC, Perecin F, Seneda MM. Ovarian follicular dynamics, progesterone concentrations, pregnancy rates and transcriptional patterns in Bos indicus females with a high or low antral follicle count. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19557. [PMID: 33177637 PMCID: PMC7658257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of the antral follicle count (AFC) on ovarian follicular dynamics, pregnancy rates, progesterone concentrations, and transcriptional patterns of genes in Nelore cattle (Bos taurus indicus) after a timed artificial insemination (TAI) programme. Cows were separated based on the AFC, and those with a high AFC showed a larger (P < 0.0001) ovarian diameter and area than those with a very low AFC. Females with a very low AFC exhibited a larger (P < 0.01) diameter of the dominant follicle at TAI (13.6 ± 0.3 vs. 12.2 ± 0.4 mm) and a tendency (P = 0.06) to have different serum progesterone concentrations (2.9 ± 0.3 vs. 2.1 ± 0.3 ng/mL; on day 18, considering day 0 as the beginning of the synchronization protocol) than those with a high AFC. The pregnancy rate was higher (P ≤ 0.05) in animals with a very low (57.9%) and low (53.1%) AFC than in those with a high AFC (45.2%). The expression of genes related to intercellular communication, meiotic control, epigenetic modulation, cell division, follicular growth, cell maintenance, steroidogenesis and cellular stress response was assessed on day 5. In females with a low AFC, 8 and 21 genes in oocytes and cumulus cells, respectively, were upregulated (P < 0.05), while 3 and 6 genes in oocytes and cumulus cells, respectively, were downregulated. The results described here will help elucidate the differences in ovarian physiology and the reproductive success of Bos indicus females with a low or high AFC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fábio Morotti
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, DCV, CCA, UEL, Cx. Postal: 10.011, Londrina, PR, Cep: 86057-970, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Felipe Perecin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Marcondes Seneda
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Cattle breed affects in vitro embryo production in a large-scale commercial program on dairy farms. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Tonizza de Carvalho NA, Soares de Carvalho JG, Sales JNDS, Guerreiro BM, Freitas BGD, D'Occhio MJ, Baruselli PS. Treatment with estradiol cypionate at progesterone withdrawal reduces handling without compromising the pregnancy rate to timed-AI in buffalo. Theriogenology 2020; 157:498-502. [PMID: 32905899 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if treatment with estradiol cypionate (EC) at the time of P4 withdrawal induced ovulation in a synchronization/timed-AI (TAI) protocol in buffalo. In Experiment 1, 56 buffaloes received an intravaginal P4 device (1.0 g) plus estradiol benzoate (EB, 2.0 mg im) on Day 0 (D0). On Day 9, the P4 device was removed and buffaloes were given PGF2α (0.53 mg im sodium cloprostenol) plus eCG (400 IU im). Buffaloes were then randomly allocated to one of two groups: Group GEC (n = 29), treated with EC (1.0 mg im) at P4 device removal; Group GEB (n = 27), treated with EB (1.0 mg im) 24 h after P4 device removal. Ovarian ultrasound was undertaken on: D0, to ascertain general ovarian status; D9 to D11 (every 24 h), to measure diameter of the largest follicle (LF) and follicular growth rate; D11 to D13 (every 12 h for 72 h), to determine the time of ovulation and ovulation rate. Following P4 device removal, Groups GEC and GEB had a similar follicular growth rate (0.9 ± 0.1 and 1.1 ± 0.1 mm/day, respectively; P = 0.15) and similar LF diameter on D11 (11.4 ± 0.6 and 12.5 ± 0.5 mm; P = 0.12). Groups GEC and GEB also had a similar diameter of the ovulatory follicle (13.0 ± 0.5 and 13.4 ± 0.6 mm; P = 0.52), interval from P4 device removal to ovulation (68.2 ± 2.8 and 71.1 ± 1.4 h; P = 0.41) and ovulation rate (62.1% and 70.4%; P = 0.44). In Experiment 2, 199 buffaloes were assigned to the two treatments in Experiment 1 (GEC, n = 100; GEB, n = 99). All animals underwent TAI 56 h after P4 device removal and pregnancy diagnosis was preformed on D41. The pregnancy rate was similar for Groups GEC and GEB (50.0 and 45.5%, respectively; P = 0.45). The findings indicate that treatment with EC at the time of P4 withdrawal induces ovulation and achieves the same pregnancy rate to TAI as treatment with EB 24 h after P4 removal. The use of EC requires one less handling which is highly important in facilitating practical adoption of TAI in assisted breeding and genetic improvement in buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelcio Antonio Tonizza de Carvalho
- Research and Development Unit of Registro / Diversified Animal Science Research Center / Institute of Animal Science, Registro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Júlia Gleyci Soares de Carvalho
- Human Reproduction Section, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Nélio de Sousa Sales
- Department of Animal Science, UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Michael J D'Occhio
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Cooke RF, Cardoso RC, Cerri RLA, Lamb GC, Pohler KG, Riley DG, Vasconcelos JLM. Cattle adapted to tropical and subtropical environments: genetic and reproductive considerations. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5709616. [PMID: 31955201 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Efforts to understand biological functions and develop management schemes specific to Bos indicus-influenced cattle raised in tropical and subtropical environments are critical to meet the increasing global demand for protein. In the United States, B. indicus breeds are mostly used to generate B. indicus × B. taurus crosses with increased thermal and parasite tolerance, while retaining some productive characteristics of B. taurus cattle. Although crossbreeding represents a proven strategy to improve cattle adaptation almost immediately, research has also attempted to identify B. taurus genetics that can withstand subtropical and tropical climates. Reduced milk production and delayed reproductive maturation appear to be related with tropical adaptation of B. taurus breeds, as a means to conserve energy under stressful conditions and limited nutrition. Moreover, longevity may be the ultimate adaptation response to unfavorable environments, and retention of bulls and heifers from proven cows is the recommended strategy to improve longevity in B. indicus-influenced herds. Besides selection for longevity, other aspects should be considered when planning reproductive management in tropical and subtropical regions. Bos indicus and B. taurus breeds have multiple differences pertaining to reproductive function, including age at puberty, ovarian dynamics, and pregnancy development. Nutritional strategies such as the stair-step regimen, and use of exogenous progesterone (P4) inserts are options to hasten puberty attainment of late-maturing B. indicus-influenced heifers. Yet, limited pharmacological alternatives are available for reproductive management of B. indicus-influenced females in the United States, which rely on GnRH-based protocols not specifically designed to the reproductive function of B. indicus breeds. In contrast, hormonal protocols based on exogenous P4, estradiol esters, and equine chorionic gonadotropin are available for use in B. indicus females in South America. These include protocols tailored to prepubertal heifers, anestrous cows, and cycling nulliparous or parous females, which often yield pregnancy rates of 50% to fixed-time artificial insemination. The global dairy industry also faces similar challenges in increasing demand and production as the beef industry. Selection of cows capable of sustaining optimal milk yield, reproductive success, and health status in hot and humid conditions is essential for optimal dairy production in subtropical and tropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Rodolfo C Cardoso
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Ronaldo L A Cerri
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - G Cliff Lamb
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Ky G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - David G Riley
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - José L M Vasconcelos
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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Pinto HF, Missio D, Dos Santos Brum D, Carloto GW, Martini AP, Pessoa GA, Neto NA, Claro I, Sá Filho MF, Leivas FG. Decreasing the dose of equine chorionic gonadotropin does not affect ovarian or pregnancy responses of purebred taurine and crossbred beef heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 218:106474. [PMID: 32507255 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study there was evaluation of effects of different doses of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG: 200, 300, or 400 IU) administrated at progesterone (P4) plus estradiol-based timed AI (TAI). A total of 1080 heifers were included in the study. There was insertion of the intravaginal P4-device plus administration of 2 mg of estradiol benzoate IM. On D7, 12.5 mg of dinoprost tromethamine IM was administered and on D9, the P4 insert was removed and 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate IM was administered. Heifers were categorized according to Reproductive Tract Status (RTS; 1-5) and were assigned to one of three treatments: 200 IU (n = 387), 300 IU (n = 357), or 400 IU (n = 336) of eCG. Estrous occurrence was evaluated at TAI 48 h later (D11). A subset of heifers (n = 213) had the largest follicle (LF) evaluated on D9 and on D11, and the formation of a new CL evaluated on D18.There was no effect of eCG treatment on LF on D11 (P = 0.79), occurrence of estrus (P = 0.92), and pregnancy at 30 days after AI (P/AI; 52.2%, 49.8%, and 51.5% for 200 IU, 300 IU, and 400 IU, respectively; P = 0.46). Regardless of the treatment, there was a greater P/AI when heifers had a functional CL, at initiation of the estrous synchronization treatment regimen. It, therefore, is efficacious to reduce the dose of eCG to 300 or 200 IU in purebred taurine and crossbred beef heifers without negative effects on ovarian, estrous or pregnancy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirya Fernandes Pinto
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Lab. Biotecnologia da Reprodução (BIOTECH), Rod. BR 472, Km 587, Cx. Postal 118, 97.500-970, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniele Missio
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Lab. Biotecnologia da Reprodução (BIOTECH), Rod. BR 472, Km 587, Cx. Postal 118, 97.500-970, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Dos Santos Brum
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Lab. Biotecnologia da Reprodução (BIOTECH), Rod. BR 472, Km 587, Cx. Postal 118, 97.500-970, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Giovane W Carloto
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Lab. Biotecnologia da Reprodução (BIOTECH), Rod. BR 472, Km 587, Cx. Postal 118, 97.500-970, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Martini
- Embryolab - Laboratório de Embriologia Animal, Departamento de Clínica de Grandes Animais-DCGA, Centro de Ciências Rurais - CCR, Universidade Federal Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilson Antônio Pessoa
- Embryolab - Laboratório de Embriologia Animal, Departamento de Clínica de Grandes Animais-DCGA, Centro de Ciências Rurais - CCR, Universidade Federal Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Izaias Claro
- Zoetis Indústria De Produtos Veterinários Ltda, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio Gallas Leivas
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Lab. Biotecnologia da Reprodução (BIOTECH), Rod. BR 472, Km 587, Cx. Postal 118, 97.500-970, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.
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Managing embryonic and calves losses after twin pregnancies induced by transfer of in vitro-produced Nellore embryos. ZYGOTE 2020; 28:333-336. [PMID: 32345381 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199419000790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two farms applying reproductive technology for the Nellore beef cattle were selected. Both farms had the same technology programme of oestrous synchronization and embryo transfer, but management was different, especially regarding twins pregnancies. In the present study, we followed the farms from the moment of oestrous synchronization, embryo transfer (two per cow), until delivery and first care of the calves. In farm A, cows presenting twin pregnancies (5 from 13) were submitted to delivery induction, as well as calves and cows were monitored after birth. In farm B, such management was not followed with the twin pregnant cows (31 from 49). In both farms, freemartinism was detected, but this was not a problem as none of the animals would be selected for breeding. No dystocia was observed in farm A, while 48% of the twin pregnancies in farm B ended up in dystocia. Furthermore, the mortality rate of new-born calves in farm A was 10%, while in farm B it reached 32%. Although twin pregnancies remain a concern, we showed here that proper management during and after delivery minimizes animal and economic losses.
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Prata AB, Madureira G, Robl AJ, Ribeiro HS, Sagae M, Elias MCV, Pimenta C, Barrios J, Hartmman D, Schneider AA, Sandoval GAF, Wiltbank MC, Sartori R. Progesterone-based timed AI protocols for Bos indicus cattle III: Comparison of protocol lengths. Theriogenology 2020; 152:29-35. [PMID: 32361304 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to validate a 7 d progesterone (P4)-based fixed-time AI (FTAI) protocol for Bos indicus cattle by comparing to 8 and 9 d-type protocols. The first study compared 7 vs. 8 d protocols in Nelore heifers (Exp. 1.1; n = 742) and cows (Exp. 1.2; n = 2488), and the second study compared 7 vs. 9 d protocols in cows (Exp. 2; n = 1343). On experimental Day -10 and Day -11 the 8 and 9 d groups received an intravaginal P4 implant, 2.0 mg estradiol benzoate (EB) and 0.5 mg cloprostenol sodium (PGF). On Day -9 the 7 d group received the same treatments (P4, EB, and PGF). Then, on Day -2 all groups had the P4 implants removed, and PGF, 0.6 mg estradiol cypionate, and 300 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) was administered. Fixed-time AI was performed 48 h later (Day 0) and 8.4 mg buserelin acetate (GnRH) was administered to 7d-G, 8d-G and 9d-G groups, whereas 7d-0, 8d-0 and 9d-0 groups did not receive GnRH at AI. Estrus was detected using tail-chalk between Day -2 and Day 0. Pregnancy per AI (P/AI) was evaluated by ultrasound 30 d after AI. Effects were considered significant when P ≤ 0.05, whereas a tendency was designated when P ≤ 0.10 and P > 0.05. In heifers (Exp. 1.1), incidence of estrus was similar regardless of protocol length (7 or 8 d). There was no independent treatment effect on P/AI or interaction between protocol length and GnRH at AI for P/AI (7d-0: 46.9, 7d-G: 51.4, 8d-0: 47.7, and 8d-G: 43.6%). Heifers in estrus had greater P/AI, and GnRH had no additional effect. More cows (Exp. 1.2) from the 8 d protocol were in estrus than cows submitted to the 7 d protocol. Additionally, despite no interaction between protocol length and GnRH on P/AI (7d-0: 55.9, 7d-G: 60.9, 8d-0: 56.2, and 8d-G: 60.8%), GnRH at AI increased P/AI. There was no interaction between estrus and GnRH, but cows displaying estrus had greater P/AI. Cows not expressing estrus tended (P = 0.06) to have greater P/AI when receiving GnRH. In Exp. 2, more 9 d cows were in estrus than 7 d cows. Protocol length did not affect P/AI but tended (P = 0.08) to interact with GnRH (7d-G had greater P/AI [57.9%] than 7d-0 [47.6%], but 9d-0 [54.6%] and 9d-G [55.4%] were not different from other groups). Moreover, GnRH increased P/AI only for the 7 d protocol. No interaction between estrus and GnRH was detected but estrus improved P/AI, and GnRH tended (P = 0.09) to improve P/AI of cows in estrus. In conclusion, despite longer protocols being more conducive to expression of estrus, there were no detectable effects of protocol length on P/AI. In addition, GnRH at FTAI may improve fertility in cows, particularly when cows are treated with shorter protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre B Prata
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil; GlobalGen Vet Science, Av. Ítalo Poli, 40, Jaboticabal, SP, 14887-360, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Madureira
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Adelino J Robl
- Agropecuária Roncador, Av. Rio Grande do Sul, 387, Querência, MT, 78643-000, Brazil
| | - Heuller S Ribeiro
- Agropecuária Roncador, Av. Rio Grande do Sul, 387, Querência, MT, 78643-000, Brazil
| | - Milton Sagae
- Agropecuária Roncador, Av. Rio Grande do Sul, 387, Querência, MT, 78643-000, Brazil
| | - Manoel C V Elias
- Agropecuária Roncador, Av. Rio Grande do Sul, 387, Querência, MT, 78643-000, Brazil
| | - César Pimenta
- Agropecuária Roncador, Av. Rio Grande do Sul, 387, Querência, MT, 78643-000, Brazil
| | - Jhonny Barrios
- Agropecuária Roncador, Av. Rio Grande do Sul, 387, Querência, MT, 78643-000, Brazil
| | - Diego Hartmman
- Agropecuária Roncador, Av. Rio Grande do Sul, 387, Querência, MT, 78643-000, Brazil
| | - Althuir A Schneider
- GlobalGen Vet Science, Av. Ítalo Poli, 40, Jaboticabal, SP, 14887-360, Brazil
| | | | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Roberto Sartori
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Development of a novel 21-day reinsemination program, ReBreed21, in Bos indicus heifers. Theriogenology 2020; 155:125-131. [PMID: 32668347 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to develop a program for resynchronization of ovulation (ReBreed21) that allowed reinsemination of non-pregnant Bos indicus heifers every 21 d using timed AI (TAI) without the need for detection of estrus. The Rebreed21 program begins 12 d after previous TAI (Day 0) by inserting an intravaginal P4 implant (Day 12) that is removed 7 d later (Day 19) combined with treatment with 300 IU of eCG. On Day 21, early pregnancy diagnosis (Doppler PD) is performed based on CL vascularity. Non-pregnant (NP) heifers immediately received AI combined with 100 μg of GnRH. The program is replicated 12 d after second TAI to produce a breeding season (BS) of 42 d with 3 potential TAIs. Two experiments were conducted as a proof of concept for this rapid rebreeding program. In Experiment 1, 76 heifers were enrolled in ReBreed21, as explained above. In Experiment 2, 300 Nellore heifers were synchronized for 1st TAI and randomly assigned to one of two groups: ReBreed21 (n = 147) or another early resynchronization procedure, Resynch14 (n = 153) with P4 implant inserted 14 d after previous TAI plus 50 mg of long-acting injectable P4; 8 d later P4 implant removed (Day 22) and early Doppler PD performed; NP heifers received 150 μg of cloprostenol, 0.5 mg of ECP, and 300 IU of eCG with TAI on Day 24. In both experiments, the largest follicle (LF) was measured at each Resynch TAI. Ultrasound was later used to confirm the early Doppler PD and to determine ovulation (OV) to Resynch at 12 d after TAI in ReBreed21 (Day 33 of pregnancy) and 14 d after TAI in Resynch14 (Day 38 of pregnancy). Final PD was performed 40 d after 3rd TAI. Results for Experiment 1 were: diameter of LF 11.8 ± 0.23 mm; 88.9% OV; 20.5% false positives; 38.1% P/AI at 1st TAI; 44.4% overall P/AI for ReBreed21 TAIs; 72.3% total pregnant at end of BS. In experiment 2, Rebreed21 vs. Resynch14 were different for: diameter of LF (10.9 ± 0.17 vs. 10.0 ± 0.17 mm, P = 0.0003), heifers with LF < 8.5 mm (10.2 vs. 26.4%, P = 0.04), or LF ≥ 11 mm (50.0 vs. 37.2%, P = 0.001), and P/AI at first TAI (29.3% [43/147] vs. 20.3% [31/153], P = 0.074) but similar for OV (overall 86.8% [239/275], P = 0.82), false positives (P = 0.52) overall P/AI for Resynch TAIs (33.6 vs. 28.8%, P = 0.4), and total pregnant at end of BS (58.5% [86/147] vs. 55.6% [85/153], P = 0.64). In addition, median time to pregnancy was 9 d earlier (P = 0.0007) for ReBreed21 than Resynch14. Thus, ReBreed21 is a novel protocol that allows earlier reinseminations than Resynch14 but with similar fertility.
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Oosthuizen N, Cooke RF, Schubach KM, Fontes PLP, Brandão AP, Oliveira Filho RV, Colombo EA, Franco GA, Reese S, Pohler KG, Lamb GC. Effects of estrous expression and intensity of behavioral estrous symptoms on variables associated with fertility in beef cows treated for fixed-time artificial insemination. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 214:106308. [PMID: 32087921 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of estrous expression and intensity of behavioral estrous expression, assessed by evaluating physical activity, on variables associated with fertility in beef cows. The following treatment regimen was imposed on lactating, multiparous cows (n = 273): 100-μg injection of GnRH and an intravaginal progesterone (P4) releasing device (CIDR) administered on d -10, 25-mg injection of prostaglandin F2α at CIDR removal on d -3, and another GnRH injection + fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) 60-66 h following CIDR removal (d 0). Cows were fitted with a pedometer on d -10, and an estrous detection patch on the tail-head on d -3. Cows were classified as not expressing estrus (NOESTR) or expressing estrus with net physical activity greater (HIESTR) or less than the median (LWESTR). Only data from cows responsive to the estrous synchronization treatment regimen were utilized (NOESTR, n = 119; LWESTR, n = 50; HIESTR, n = 50). Diameter of dominant follicles on d 0 and corpus luteum volume on d 7 were greater in HIESTR compared with LWESTR and NOESTR groups (P < 0.01). Plasma P4 concentrations on d 7 and pregnancy rates to TAI were greater in HIESTR and LWESTR than the NOESTR group (P < 0.01). Hence, if there was estrous expression during the period of the GnRH-based TAI treatment regimen, there were greater pregnancy rates to TAI, whereas when there was greater intensity of behavioral estrous symptoms, there were larger dominant follicles and corpora lutea dimensions but not greater pregnancy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Oosthuizen
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, United States
| | - Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, United States.
| | - Kelsey M Schubach
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, United States
| | - Pedro L P Fontes
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, United States
| | - Alice P Brandão
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, United States
| | - Ramiro V Oliveira Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, United States
| | - Eduardo A Colombo
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, United States
| | - Gessica A Franco
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, United States
| | - Sydney Reese
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, United States
| | - Ky G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, United States
| | - G Cliff Lamb
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, United States
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Madureira G, Consentini CEC, Motta JCL, Drum JN, Prata AB, Monteiro PLJ, Melo LF, Gonçalves JRS, Wiltbank MC, Sartori R. Progesterone-based timed AI protocols for Bos indicus cattle II: Reproductive outcomes of either EB or GnRH-type protocol, using or not GnRH at AI. Theriogenology 2020; 145:86-93. [PMID: 32007636 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of these experiments was to study ovarian dynamics and fertility of Bos indicus beef cattle submitted to 7-d progesterone (P4)-based fixed-time AI (FTAI) protocols using different hormonal treatments. In Exp. 1, 2 yr old Nelore heifers (n = 973) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: EB-0 (estradiol benzoate, EB on D0 and no GnRH at AI), EB-G (EB on D0 and GnRH at AI), G-0 (GnRH on D0 and no GnRH at AI), or G-G (GnRH on D0 and at AI). On D0, heifers received an intravaginal P4 implant (0.5 g) for 7 d and EB (1.5 mg) or GnRH (16.8 μg). On D7, the P4 implant was withdrawn and heifers received cloprostenol (PGF; 0.5 mg) and estradiol cypionate (EC, 0.5 mg). Heifers in G groups also received PGF and eCG (200 IU) on D6, whereas EB heifers received eCG on D7. At FTAI on D9, only EB-G and G-G groups received GnRH (8.4 μg). In Exp. 2, Nelore cows (n = 804) received the same treatments (EB-0, EB-G, G-0, or G-G) using a 1.0 g P4 implant, 2.0 mg EB, and 300 IU eCG. Effects were considered significant when P ≤ 0.05. After treatment on D0, G had more ovulations than EB in heifers (60.3 [287/476] vs. 12.7% [63/497]) and cows (73.7 [83/112] vs. 24.4% [28/113]). Luteolysis after D0 was greater in EB than G in heifers (39.2 [159/406] vs. 20.0% [77/385]) and cows (25.5 [14/55] vs. 1.6% [1/64]). Heifers in G had larger follicles (mm) than EB on D7 (10.3 ± 0.2 vs. 9.2 ± 0.2) and at AI (11.9 ± 0.2 vs. 11.3 ± 0.2). Cows had larger follicles in G than EB on D7 (11.0 ± 0.3 vs. 9.9 ± 0.3) but not at AI. More estrus was observed in G than EB for heifers (80.3 [382/476] vs. 69.6% [346/497]) and cows (67.6 [270/400] vs. 56.2% [227/404]). There was no interaction between D0 and D9 treatments on pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in heifers (EB-0: 56.7 [139/245], EB-G: 53.6 [135/252], G-0: 52.6 [127/241], and G-G: 57.5% [135/235]). However, cows from EB-G had greater P/AI than EB-0 (69.5 [142/204] vs. 60.2% [120/200]), whereas P/AI for G-0 (62.7% [127/203]) was similar to G-G (60.9% [120/197]). In heifers, there was no interaction of GnRH at AI with estrus, however, cows that did not display estrus had greater P/AI if they received GnRH at AI (GnRH = 59.1 [91/154] vs. No GnRH = 48.2% [78/162]). Thus, protocols initiated with EB or GnRH for Bos indicus heifers and cows had differing ovarian dynamics but similar overall fertility, enabling their use in reproductive management programs. Treatment with GnRH at time of AI increased fertility in some instances in Bos indicus cows but not in heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Madureira
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Carlos E C Consentini
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Jéssica C L Motta
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jéssica N Drum
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Alexandre B Prata
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Pedro L J Monteiro
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Leonardo F Melo
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | | | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Roberto Sartori
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
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Mínguez C, Calvo A. Effect of equine chorionic gonadotropin on pregnancy rate in Brown Swiss cows under high altitude conditions. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1741373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Mínguez
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Salud Pública. Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Martir, Valencia, España
| | - A. Calvo
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Salud Pública. Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Martir, Valencia, España
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Pfeifer LFM, Moreira EM, da Silva GM, de Souza VL, Nunes VRR, Andrade JDS, Neves PMA, Ferreira R. Effect of estradiol cypionate on estrus expression and pregnancy in timed artificially inseminated beef cows. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.103886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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48
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Reese ST, Franco GA, Poole RK, Hood R, Fernadez Montero L, Oliveira Filho RV, Cooke RF, Pohler KG. Pregnancy loss in beef cattle: A meta-analysis. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 212:106251. [PMID: 31864492 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy loss in beef cattle causes both management and economic challenges to a producer. A meta-analysis was conducted to quantify reproductive failures that occur during fertilization, early embryonic development, and late embryonic/early fetal development periods of gestation in beef cattle. The meta-analysis included more than 56,000 diagnostic records in 159 studies from 48 papers with 12 studies included in fertilization and pre- blastocyst loss analysis (FERT; days 1-7 of gestation), 107 in early embryo (EEM; days 7-32), and 40 in late embryo/early fetal period (LEF; days 32-100) analysis. Although fertilization rates are reportedly high in beef cattle, significant developmental failure occurs within the first 7 days of gestation. Approximately 28.4 % of embryos will not develop past day 7 of gestation with most embryonic losses occurring before day 4. By the conclusion of the first month of gestation, 47.9 % of cows submitted to a single insemination at day 0 will not be pregnant. Overall, LEF between days 32-60 and 100 was 5.8 %. Bos indicus animals had greater (P = 0.001) EEM compared to Bos taurus, but there was no difference (P = 0.39) for the LEF period between subspecies. Primiparous cows had greater EEM (P = 0.002) compared to nulliparous heifers and multiparous cows; and nulliparous heifers had a greater LEF compared to primiparous and multiparous cows (P = 0.048). Collectively, these cumulative findings provide a baseline assessment of pregnancy loss specific to beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Reese
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - G A Franco
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - R K Poole
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - R Hood
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - L Fernadez Montero
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - R V Oliveira Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - R F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - K G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
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49
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Menegatti Zoca S, Shafii B, Price W, Utt M, Harstine B, McDonald K, Cruppe L, DeJarnette M, Peters L, Moraes Vasconcelos JL, Dalton J. Angus sire field fertility and in vitro sperm characteristics following use of different sperm insemination doses in Brazilian beef cattle. Theriogenology 2019; 147:146-153. [PMID: 31785860 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The primary objective was to determine if Angus bull fertility varied by number of sperm inseminated. A secondary objective was to characterize the potential impact of random variation on fertility using two identical sperm per dose treatments, which differed only in straw color. Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and flow cytometry (FC) were used to identify post-thaw sperm characteristics associated with field fertility differences between bulls. Ejaculates from five Angus bulls were collected, extended, and cryopreserved at 10, 20, 20 or 40 × 106 sperm per dose in color-coded 0.5-mL French straws. Multiparous cows (n = 4866) from ten Brazilian farms were synchronized for first-service timed artificial insemination (TAI). Bull identification and straw color were recorded at TAI. Pregnancy per TAI (P/TAI) did not differ between sperm doses (43.8, 45.3, 43.8 and 47.1% for 10, 20, 20 or 40 × 106 sperm respectively; P = 0.31) nor was there an interaction between bull and dose (P = 0.53). The P/TAI differed between bulls and ranged from 40.7 to 48.1% (P < 0.01). The overall P/TAI between the two control groups were not different (45.3 vs 43.8%); however, the numerical variation within bull ranged from 0.5 to 4.9 percentage points. Numerous CASA and FC post-thaw sperm characteristics differed among bulls (P < 0.05), but these characteristics did not explain the fertility difference between bulls. Principal component analysis provided a multivariate description of the CASA and FC data, where three principal components (Prin1, Prin2, and Prin3) accounted for a combined total of 88.7% of the data variability. The primary components of each PCA axis were flow cytometric measures of sperm viability and DNA fragmentation (Prin1), and CASA-derived sperm movement patterns (Prin2) and motility (Prin3); however, the relative influence of these characteristics varied by bull. Although fertility differences between bulls were detected, neither sperm per dose nor post-thaw in vitro sperm analyses (CASA and FC) were able to explain the observed differences in field fertility between bulls, further illustrating the difficulties in predicting bull fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Menegatti Zoca
- Animal and Veterinary Science Department, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Bahman Shafii
- Statistical Programs, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - William Price
- Statistical Programs, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Matthew Utt
- Select Sires, Inc., Plain City, OH, 43064, USA
| | - Bo Harstine
- Select Sires, Inc., Plain City, OH, 43064, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lon Peters
- Select Sires, Inc., Plain City, OH, 43064, USA
| | - Jose Luiz Moraes Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Produçáo Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Joseph Dalton
- Animal and Veterinary Science Department, University of Idaho, Caldwell, 83605, USA.
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50
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Sales JNDS, Simões LMS, Orlandi RE, Lima EA, Santos APC, Bottino MP, da Silva LACL, de Souza JC, Dias MM, Massoneto JPM, Scandiuzzi LA, Freitas BG, Guerreiro BM, Bastos MR. Pre-TAI protocol strategies to increase reproductive efficiency in beef and dairy cows. Anim Reprod 2019; 16:402-410. [PMID: 32435284 PMCID: PMC7234102 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2019-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovulation synchronization protocols are well established in beef and dairy cows. However, the protocol response rate is around 70-90%. In beef cows, factors such as inadequate nutrition and calf presence negatively impact the response of progesterone (P4)/estradiol-based ovulation synchronization protocols by interfering with GnRH release and consequently reducing LH pulsatility and final follicular development. In dairy cows, protocols based on GnRH and prostaglandin (Ovsynch) are the most widely used in the world. However, the efficiency of Ovsynch is dependent on the presence of a large follicle at the time of administration of the first GnRH. In these ovulation synchronization protocols, pre-synchronization protocols (Prostaglandins, Double Ovsynch and P4synch) are usually attempted in an effort to increase responses. Thus, the objective of this review was to discuss pre-ovulation synchronization strategies (administration of injectable P4 or energetic/protein supplementation or pre-synchronization with intra-vaginal progesterone devices) aiming to increase the LH pulsatility in beef cows or induce the formation of a GnRH-responsive follicle at the beginning of the Ovsynch protocol in dairy cows.
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