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Wang Q, Zhang Q, Li Y, Zhao X, Zhang Y. Screening and Identification of Differential Ovarian Proteins before and after Induced Ovulation via Seminal Plasma in Bactrian Camels. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123512. [PMID: 34944287 PMCID: PMC8698062 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Camelidae are induced ovulators whose ovulation is tightly regulated by multiple factors. Understanding the biological mechanisms underlying follicular development, hormone secretion, and ovulation requires investigating the potential molecular pathways involved in these mechanisms. However, little is known about these molecular pathways in Bactrian camels. To screen and identify candidate biomarkers after seminal plasma (SP)-induced ovulation in the ovaries, we performed comprehensive proteomic and molecular biological analyses of the ovaries from camels that were intramuscularly injected with either seminal plasma or phosphate-buffered saline. Identification of these candidate biomarkers will enable a better understanding of reproduction in Bactrian camels. Our findings suggest candidate proteins for further studies on the molecular mechanisms of induced ovulation. Abstract Camelidae are induced ovulators whose ovulation is tightly regulated by multiple factors. Understanding the biological mechanisms underlying follicular development, hormone secretion, and ovulation requires investigating the potential molecular pathways involved. However, little is known about these pathways in Bactrian camels. To screen and identify candidate biomarkers after inducing ovulation, this study performed comprehensive proteomic and molecular biological analyses of the ovaries from two camel groups (n = 6). We identified 5075 expressed ovarian proteins, of which 404 were differentially expressed (264 upregulated, 140 downregulated) (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), in samples from plasma-induced versus control camels. Gene ontology annotation identified the potential functions of the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). These results validated the differential expression for a subset of these proteins using Western blot (p < 0.05) and immunofluorescence staining. Three DEPs (FST, NR5A1, and PRL) were involved in neurochemical signal transduction, as well as endocrine and reproductive hormone regulatory processes. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated the involvement of several pathways, including the calcium, cAMP, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, MAPK, and neuroactive ligand–receptor signaling pathways, suggesting that induced ovulation depends on the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis. Identifying these candidate biomarkers enables a better understanding of Bactrian camel reproduction. Ovarian proteomic profiling and the measurement of selected proteins using more targeted methods is a promising approach for studying induced-ovulation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Quanwei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Yina Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xingxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
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Valderrama X, Ulloa-Leal C, Silva ME, Goicochea J, Apichela S, Argañaraz M, Sari L, Paiva L, Ratto VF, Ratto MH. β-NGF Stimulates Steroidogenic Enzyme and VEGFA Gene Expression, and Progesterone Secretion via ERK 1/2 Pathway in Primary Culture of Llama Granulosa Cells. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:586265. [PMID: 33195615 PMCID: PMC7645075 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.586265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The beta-nerve growth factor (β-NGF) from llama seminal plasma exerts ovulatory and luteotrophic effects following intramuscular or intrauterine infusion in llamas and alpacas. In this study, we investigate the in vitro effect of llama β-NGF on the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis and progesterone synthesis as well as progesterone release in preovulatory llama granulosa cells; we also determine whether these changes are mediated via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. From adult female llamas, we collected granulosa cells from preovulatory follicles by transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration; these cells were pooled and incubated. After 80% confluence, the cultured granulosa cells were treated with β-NGF, β-NGF plus the MAPK inhibitor U0126, or luteinizing hormone, and the abundance of angiogenic and steroidogenic enzyme mRNA transcripts were quantified after 10 and 20 h by RT-qPCR. We also quantified the progesterone concentration in the media after 48 h by radioimmunoassay. We found that application of β-NGF increases the abundance of mRNA transcripts of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) and the steroidogenic enzymes cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage (P450scc/CYP11A1), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B1) at 10 and 20 h of treatment. Application of the MAPK inhibitor U0126 resulted in downregulation of the genes encoding these enzymes. β-NGF also enhanced progesterone synthesis, which was prevented by the prior application of the MAPK inhibitor U0126. Finally, western blot analysis confirmed that β-NGF activates the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. In conclusion, our results indicate that β-NGF exerts direct luteotropic effects on llama ovarian tissue via the ERK 1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cesar Ulloa-Leal
- Institute of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Mauricio Erciario Silva
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Natural Resources, Universidad Catolica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jose Goicochea
- Department of Surgery and Reproductive Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán, Huánuco, Peru
| | - Silvana Apichela
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, Facultad de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri," Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Martin Argañaraz
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, Facultad de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri," Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Luciana Sari
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, Facultad de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri," Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Luis Paiva
- Institute of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Vicente Francisco Ratto
- Institute of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marcelo Hector Ratto
- Institute of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Bianchi CP, Benavente MA, Viviani F, Gallelli MF, Aba MA. Estradiol-17β Injection Induces Ovulation in Llamas. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:576204. [PMID: 33195576 PMCID: PMC7593481 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.576204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of three different doses of estradiol-17β on ovulation and subsequent luteal development and function in llamas. Twenty-three llamas were examined daily by transrectal ultrasonography until the detection of an ovulatory follicle (≥8 mm). Thereafter, animals were divided into five groups: Control (n = 3; treated with 1.6 ml of saline solution), GnRH group (n = 6, treated with an intravenous injection of 8.4 μg Buserelin), and estradiol groups that received 0.6 mg (E1, n = 4), 1 mg (E2, n = 4), or 1.6 mg (E3, n = 6) of estradiol-17β intravenously. Detection of ovulation was based on ultrasonographic visualization of disappearance of the largest follicle and subsequent presence of a newly formed corpus luteum (CL) and progesterone concentration exceeding 1 ng ml−1. Daily blood samples were collected to determine plasma progesterone concentration. Ovulation rate was 0% for control and E1 groups, 25% for E2 group, and 100% for GnRH and E3 groups. Differences in the mean CL diameter between GnRH and E3 groups were not statistically significant. Plasma progesterone concentration was similar between groups during the different days in ovulated animals. However, the day that the plasma progesterone concentration was above 1 ng ml−1 and the day that the highest plasma progesterone concentration was achieved differed among E3 and GnRH groups, occurring later in females treated with estradiol. In conclusion, an injection of estradiol-17β is capable of inducing ovulation in llamas and the response depends on the dose used. Most of the animals required the highest tested dose (1.6 mg) to induce the ovulatory process. Although the CL diameter in females induced to ovulate with estradiol was similar to that in llamas induced to ovulate with a GnRH analog, the rise in plasma progesterone concentration above 1 ng ml−1 and the peak progesterone concentration were attained 1 day later in the estradiol treated females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina P Bianchi
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina.,Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Micaela A Benavente
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina.,Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Florencia Viviani
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina
| | - María F Gallelli
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Marcelo A Aba
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina.,Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Tandil, Argentina
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El Allali K, El Bousmaki N, Ainani H, Simonneaux V. Effect of the Camelid's Seminal Plasma Ovulation-Inducing Factor/β-NGF: A Kisspeptin Target Hypothesis. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:99. [PMID: 28713816 PMCID: PMC5491598 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Female mammals are classified into spontaneous and induced ovulators based on the mechanism eliciting ovulation. Ovulation in spontaneous species (e.g., human, sheep, cattle, horse, pigs, and most rodents) occurs at regular intervals and depends upon the circulating estradiol. However, in induced ovulators (e.g., rabbits, ferrets, cats, and camelids), ovulation is associated with coitus. In the later, various factors have been proposed to trigger ovulation, including auditory, visual, olfactory, and mechanic stimuli. However, other studies have identified a biochemical component in the semen of induced ovulators responsible for the induction of ovulation and named accordingly ovulation-inducing factor (OIF). In camelids, intramuscular or intrauterine administration of seminal plasma (SP) was shown to induce the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge followed by ovulation and subsequent formation of corpus luteum. Recently, this OIF has been identified from SP as a neurotrophin, the β subunit of nerve growth factor (β-NGF). β-NGF is well known as promoting neuron survival and growth, but in this case, it appears to induce ovulation through an endocrine mode of action. Indeed, β-NGF may be absorbed through the endometrium to be conveyed, via the blood stream, to the central structures regulating the LH preovulatory surge. In this review, we provide a summary of the most relevant results obtained in the field, and we propose a working hypothesis for the central action of β-NGF based on our recent demonstration of the presence of neurons expressing kisspeptin, a potent stimulator of GnRH/LH, in the camel hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid El Allali
- Comparative Anatomy Unit/URAC49, Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Veterinary Sciences, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Institute, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Najlae El Bousmaki
- Comparative Anatomy Unit/URAC49, Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Veterinary Sciences, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Institute, Rabat, Morocco
- Department of Neurobiology of Rhythms, CNRS UPR 3212, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hassan Ainani
- Comparative Anatomy Unit/URAC49, Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Veterinary Sciences, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Institute, Rabat, Morocco
- Department of Neurobiology of Rhythms, CNRS UPR 3212, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Simonneaux
- Department of Neurobiology of Rhythms, CNRS UPR 3212, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Silva M, Urra F, Ulloa-Leal C, Ratto MH. A comparative study of the effects of intramuscular administration of gonadorelin, mating and intrauterine infusion of either raw seminal plasma or seminal plasma purified β-NGF on luteal development in llamas. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:625-631. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Silva
- Universidad Católica de Temuco; Temuco Chile
| | - F Urra
- Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
| | - C Ulloa-Leal
- Universidad de las fuerzas Armadas ESPE; IASA I; Sangolquí Ecuador
| | - MH Ratto
- Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
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Adams GP, Ratto MH, Silva ME, Carrasco RA. Ovulation-inducing factor (OIF/NGF) in seminal plasma: a review and update. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51 Suppl 2:4-17. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- GP Adams
- Veterinary Biomedical Sciences; Western College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - MH Ratto
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences; Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
| | - ME Silva
- School of Veterinary Medicine; Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria; Universidad Católica de Temuco; Temuco Chile
| | - RA Carrasco
- Veterinary Biomedical Sciences; Western College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon SK Canada
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Berland MA, Ulloa-Leal C, Barría M, Wright H, Dissen GA, Silva ME, Ojeda SR, Ratto MH. Seminal Plasma Induces Ovulation in Llamas in the Absence of a Copulatory Stimulus: Role of Nerve Growth Factor as an Ovulation-Inducing Factor. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3224-32. [PMID: 27355492 PMCID: PMC4967124 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Llamas are considered to be reflex ovulators. However, semen from these animals is reported to be rich in ovulation-inducing factor(s), one of which has been identified as nerve growth factor (NGF). These findings suggest that ovulation in llamas may be elicited by chemical signals contained in semen instead of being mediated by neural signals. The present study examines this notion. Llamas displaying a preovulatory follicle were assigned to four groups: group 1 received an intrauterine infusion (IUI) of PBS; group 2 received an IUI of seminal plasma; group 3 was mated to a male whose urethra had been surgically diverted (urethrostomized male); and group 4 was mated to an intact male. Ovulation (detected by ultrasonography) occurred only in llamas mated to an intact male or given an IUI of seminal plasma and was preceded by a surge in plasma LH levels initiated within an hour after coitus or IUI. In both ovulatory groups, circulating β-NGF levels increased within 15 minutes after treatment, reaching values that were greater and more sustained in llamas mated with an intact male. These results demonstrate that llamas can be induced to ovulate by seminal plasma in the absence of copulation and that copulation alone cannot elicit ovulation in the absence of seminal plasma. In addition, our results implicate β-NGF as an important mediator of seminal plasma-induced ovulation in llamas because ovulation does not occur if β-NGF levels do not increase in the bloodstream, a change that occurs promptly after copulation with an intact male or IUI of seminal plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Berland
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria (M.A.B., M.E.S.), Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile; Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE) (C.U.-L.), Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Inmunología (M.B.), Facultad de Medicina, and Department of Animal Science (M.A.B., M.H.R.), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Division of Neuroscience (H.W., G.A.D., S.R.O.), Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006
| | - Cesar Ulloa-Leal
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria (M.A.B., M.E.S.), Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile; Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE) (C.U.-L.), Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Inmunología (M.B.), Facultad de Medicina, and Department of Animal Science (M.A.B., M.H.R.), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Division of Neuroscience (H.W., G.A.D., S.R.O.), Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006
| | - Miguel Barría
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria (M.A.B., M.E.S.), Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile; Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE) (C.U.-L.), Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Inmunología (M.B.), Facultad de Medicina, and Department of Animal Science (M.A.B., M.H.R.), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Division of Neuroscience (H.W., G.A.D., S.R.O.), Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006
| | - Hollis Wright
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria (M.A.B., M.E.S.), Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile; Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE) (C.U.-L.), Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Inmunología (M.B.), Facultad de Medicina, and Department of Animal Science (M.A.B., M.H.R.), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Division of Neuroscience (H.W., G.A.D., S.R.O.), Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006
| | - Gregory A Dissen
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria (M.A.B., M.E.S.), Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile; Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE) (C.U.-L.), Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Inmunología (M.B.), Facultad de Medicina, and Department of Animal Science (M.A.B., M.H.R.), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Division of Neuroscience (H.W., G.A.D., S.R.O.), Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006
| | - Mauricio E Silva
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria (M.A.B., M.E.S.), Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile; Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE) (C.U.-L.), Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Inmunología (M.B.), Facultad de Medicina, and Department of Animal Science (M.A.B., M.H.R.), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Division of Neuroscience (H.W., G.A.D., S.R.O.), Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006
| | - Sergio R Ojeda
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria (M.A.B., M.E.S.), Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile; Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE) (C.U.-L.), Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Inmunología (M.B.), Facultad de Medicina, and Department of Animal Science (M.A.B., M.H.R.), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Division of Neuroscience (H.W., G.A.D., S.R.O.), Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006
| | - Marcelo H Ratto
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria (M.A.B., M.E.S.), Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile; Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE) (C.U.-L.), Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Inmunología (M.B.), Facultad de Medicina, and Department of Animal Science (M.A.B., M.H.R.), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; and Division of Neuroscience (H.W., G.A.D., S.R.O.), Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006
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LH release and ovulatory response after intramuscular, intravenous, and intrauterine administration of β-nerve growth factor of seminal plasma origin in female llamas. Theriogenology 2015; 84:1096-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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