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Nicolás ACCV, Dode MAN. Current status of the intrafollicular transfer of immature oocytes (IFIOT) in cattle: A review. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 267:107523. [PMID: 38879973 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Intrafollicular Transfer of Immature Oocytes (IFIOT) has emerged as an alternative to the currently used systems for bovine embryo production. This technique associates the rapid multiplication of bovine females under a completely in vivo culture condition, eliminating the need for superstimulatory hormones in the in vivo system (IVD) and the costly laboratory setup required for in vitro embryo production (IVP). Despite being a promising technique, the results obtained to date have been unsatisfactory for commercial use. Only approximately 10 % -12 % of viable embryos are recovered from the total number of injected oocytes, which limits their use in genetic improvement programs. IFIOT problems can occur in any of the steps involved; therefore, each step must be carefully examined to identify those that have the most negative impact on the final embryo recovery. This review summarizes the different studies conducted using the IFIOT to provide a comprehensive analysis of the main factors that can influence the effectiveness of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margot Alves Nunes Dode
- Embrapa - Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil.
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2
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Villarraza J, Antuña S, Tardivo MB, Rodríguez MC, Díaz PU, Notaro US, Ortega HH, Prieto C, Ceaglio N. Development of a biotechnology process for the production of a novel hyperglycosylated long-acting recombinant bovine follicle-stimulating hormone. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2400260. [PMID: 38900054 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202400260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is an important protein used for bovine ovarian hyperstimulation in multiple ovulation and embryo transfer technology (MOET). Several attempts to produce bovine FSH (bFSH) in recombinant systems have been reported, nonetheless, up to date, the most commonly used products are partially purified preparations derived from porcine or ovine (pFSH or oFSH) pituitaries. Here we describe the development of a biotechnology process to produce a novel, hyperglycosylated, long-acting recombinant bFSH (LA-rbFSH) by fusing copies of a highly O-glycosylated peptide. LA-rbFSH and a nonmodified version (rbFSH) were produced in suspension CHO cell cultures and purified by IMAC with high purity levels (>99%). LA-rbFSH presented a higher glycosylation degree and sialic acid content than rbFSH. It also demonstrated a notable improvement in pharmacokinetic properties after administration to rats, including a higher concentration in plasma and a significant (seven-fold) reduction in apparent clearance (CLapp). In addition, the in vivo specific bioactivity of LA-rbFSH in rats was 2.4-fold higher compared to rbFSH. These results postulate this new molecule as an attractive substitute for commercially available porcine pituitary-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Villarraza
- UNL (Universidad Nacional del Litoral), CBL (Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral), LDB (Laboratorio de Desarrollo Biotecnológico), Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Antuña
- Biotecnofe S.A. Parque Tecnológico Litoral Centro (PTLC), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Belén Tardivo
- Biotecnofe S.A. Parque Tecnológico Litoral Centro (PTLC), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Celeste Rodríguez
- UNL (Universidad Nacional del Litoral), CBL (Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral), LDB (Laboratorio de Desarrollo Biotecnológico), Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Santa Fe, Argentina
- UNL (Universidad Nacional del Litoral), FBCB (Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas), Cátedra de Química Analítica II, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Pablo Uriel Díaz
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Centro de Medicina Comparada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ulises Sebastián Notaro
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Centro de Medicina Comparada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Hugo Héctor Ortega
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Centro de Medicina Comparada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Claudio Prieto
- UNL (Universidad Nacional del Litoral), CBL (Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral), LDB (Laboratorio de Desarrollo Biotecnológico), Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Biotecnofe S.A. Parque Tecnológico Litoral Centro (PTLC), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Natalia Ceaglio
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Santa Fe, Argentina
- UNL (Universidad Nacional del Litoral), FBCB (Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas), CBL (Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral), LCC (Laboratorio de Cultivos Celulares), Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Wyse JM, Nevard RP, Loy J, Weston PA, Gurusinghe S, McCormick J, Weston LA, Stephen CP. Effects of Mixed Pasture Legume Phytoestrogens on Superovulatory Response and Embryo Quality in Angus Cows. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1125. [PMID: 38612365 PMCID: PMC11011016 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovulation and artificial insemination rates have been observed to decrease in sheep and cows when exposed to dietary phytoestrogens at concentrations greater than 25 mg/kg DM. A grazing trial was undertaken to investigate the effects of coumestrol and other key phytoestrogens on the superovulatory response, embryo numbers and quality in beef cows grazing legume pastures. A 7-week controlled grazing trial was conducted with legume and ryegrass pasture treatments, with cows exposed to legumes at two timed treatments, 4 and 7 weeks. Twenty Angus cows were subjected to a conventional estrus synchronization and superovulation protocol. Embryos were recovered via conventional uterine body flushing 7 days post artificial insemination (AI). Numerous phytoestrogens were identified in both pasture and plasma samples, including coumestrol and formononetin. Concentrations of phytoestrogens in the pasture ranged from 0.001 to 47.5 mg/kg DM and 0 to 2.6 ng/mL in plasma. Approximately 50% of cows produced viable embryos 7 days post AI. A significant interaction between the effect of treatment groups on the embryo stage was observed (p < 0.05). The results suggest that concentrations of >25 mg/kg DM of phytoestrogens less than 20 days preceding AI may negatively affect oocyte developmental competence, reduce progesterone production and thus contribute to early embryonic loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Wyse
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (J.L.)
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia (P.A.W.); (S.G.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Rory P. Nevard
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia (P.A.W.); (S.G.); (L.A.W.)
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Jaymie Loy
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (J.L.)
| | - Paul A. Weston
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia (P.A.W.); (S.G.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Saliya Gurusinghe
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia (P.A.W.); (S.G.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Jeffrey McCormick
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (J.L.)
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia (P.A.W.); (S.G.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Leslie A. Weston
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia (P.A.W.); (S.G.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Cyril P. Stephen
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (J.L.)
- Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia (P.A.W.); (S.G.); (L.A.W.)
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Abreu C, Grunberg K, Bonilla M, Crispo M, Pantano S, Jaeschke J, Comini MA, Bollati‐Fogolín M. Expression and functional characterization of chimeric recombinant bovine follicle-stimulating hormone produced in Leishmania tarentolae. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14444. [PMID: 38564168 PMCID: PMC10986757 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Assisted reproductive techniques are routinely used in livestock species to increase and enhance productivity. Ovarian hyperstimulation is a process that currently relies on administering pituitary-derived follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or equine chorionic gonadotropin in combination with other hormones to promote the maturation of multiple follicles and thereby achieve superovulation. The use of partially purified preparations of FSH extracted from natural sources is associated with suboptimal and variable results. Recombinant FSH (rFSH) has been produced in a variety of heterologous organisms. However, attaining a bioactive rFSH of high quality and at low cost for use in livestock remains challenging. Here we report the production and characterization of a single chain bovine rFSH consisting of the β- and α-subunit fused by a polypeptide linker (scbFSH) using Leishmania tarentolae as heterologous expression system. This unicellular eukaryote is non-pathogenic to mammals, can be grown in bioreactors using simple and inexpensive semisynthetic media at 26°C and does not require CO2 or bovine serum supplementation. Stable cell lines expressing scbFSH in an inducible fashion were generated and characterized for their productivity. Different culture conditions and purification procedures were evaluated, and the recombinant product was biochemically and biologically characterized, including bioassays in an animal model. The results demonstrate that L. tarentolae is a suitable host for producing a homogeneous, glycosylated and biologically active form of scbFSH with a reasonable yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Abreu
- Molecular, Cellular and Animal Technology ProgramInstitut Pasteur de MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
| | - Karin Grunberg
- Molecular, Cellular and Animal Technology ProgramInstitut Pasteur de MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
| | - Mariana Bonilla
- Laboratory Redox Biology of TrypanosomesInstitut Pasteur de MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
| | - Martina Crispo
- Molecular, Cellular and Animal Technology ProgramInstitut Pasteur de MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
- Laboratory Animal Biotechnology UnitInstitut Pasteur de MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
| | - Sergio Pantano
- Molecular, Cellular and Animal Technology ProgramInstitut Pasteur de MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
- Biomolecular Simulations GroupInstitut Pasteur de MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
| | | | - Marcelo A. Comini
- Molecular, Cellular and Animal Technology ProgramInstitut Pasteur de MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
- Laboratory Redox Biology of TrypanosomesInstitut Pasteur de MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
| | - Mariela Bollati‐Fogolín
- Molecular, Cellular and Animal Technology ProgramInstitut Pasteur de MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
- Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur de MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
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5
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El-Shazly M, Mansour N, Karen A, Salama M, Hijazi I, El-Ghazaly M, Sheply K, Jaques S. Evaluation of a long-acting recombinant bovine FSH for multiple ovulation and embryo transfer in dromedary camels. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 261:107398. [PMID: 38128190 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to test a new super-agonist recombinant bovine FSH (rbFSH) to induce superovulation (SOV) in dromedary camels. In experiment I, a single IM injection of 40, 60, 80, 100, or 120 µg rbFSH was administered (4 donors per group) to determine the effective dose resulting in acceptable multiple ovulation and embryo yield. Administration of 40 µg was ineffective, while 100 and 120 µg were associated with increased numbers of developed follicles, corpora lutea, and recovered embryos compared to administration of 60 and 80 µg. In experiment II, donors were divided into treatment groups to compare rbFSH with two conventional protocols for SOV. Donors received a single dose of 2000 IU eCG in combination with 400 mg porcine follicle-stimulating hormone (pFSH; Folltropin-V®; Group 1, n = 29) or 500 µg of pFSH with 100 µg of pLH (Stimufol®; Group 2, n = 16). Group 3 (n = 19) received a single dose of 100 µg rbFSH. No difference was found in the size and number of follicles per donor. Response time, ovulation rate, and the number of corpora lutea and recovered embryos per donor were similar in all groups. The number of medium-sized and transparent embryos decreased while the number of small-sized and semi-transparent embryos increased in Group 3 (rbFSH) compared to the other two groups. The pregnancy rate of the recipients at 10 days post-ET, at two months of gestation, and the rate of early pregnancy loss (EPL) did not differ among the groups. In conclusion, a single IM administration of 100 µg rbFSH induces a successful superovulation in dromedary camels and has the advantage of reducing stress associated with multiple FSH administration of the conventional protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Shazly
- Aljazeera Veterinary Research Center, Al-Ain, Abu-Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nabil Mansour
- Fujairah Research Centre (FRC), Al-Hilal Tower 3003, P.O. Box 666, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
| | - Aly Karen
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt; Tharb Camel Hospital, Leawina, State of Qatar
| | - Mahmoud Salama
- Aljazeera Veterinary Research Center, Al-Ain, Abu-Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrar Hijazi
- Aljazeera Veterinary Research Center, Al-Ain, Abu-Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmoud El-Ghazaly
- Aljazeera Veterinary Research Center, Al-Ain, Abu-Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kasem Sheply
- Aljazeera Veterinary Research Center, Al-Ain, Abu-Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Scott Jaques
- Applied Biosciences LLC, Wellborn 77881, TX, USA
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6
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Marques JCS, Maciel JPO, Denis-Robichaud J, Conceicao RS, Bega AM, Moore S, Sirard MA, Baes CF, Cerri RLA. The effect of progesterone concentrations during superovulation of Holstein heifers in a randomized trial. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:9677-9690. [PMID: 37641352 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different progesterone (P4) concentrations during the follicular growth on the intensity of estrous expression, ovarian response to the superovulatory treatment, and embryo production and quality in superovulated heifers. A total of 63 Holstein heifers were randomly assigned into 2 experimental groups: Low P4 (n = 31) and High P4 (n = 32). Animals received a pre-synchronization protocol followed by a protocol of superovulation that included the allocated P4 treatment. Activity was monitored continuously by an automated activity monitor, and estrus characteristics (maximum intensity and duration) were recorded. Embryo collection was performed 7 d post artificial insemination (AI). Embryos were counted and graded from good or excellent (1) to degenerated (4). The outcomes of interest were: number and diameter of follicles at the time of AI, ovulation success (confirmed 7 d post-AI), time to estrus event, maximum intensity and duration of estrus, number and quality of embryos. Data were analyzed according to the type of outcome variable using logistic, linear, or Poisson regression models. A total of 105 embryos (High P4: n = 42; Low P4: n = 63) were graded for quality. Different P4 levels did not affect the maximum intensity (High P4 = 497.8 ± 23.9%; Low P4 = 542.2 ± 23.5%) or the duration (High P4 = 13.5 ± 1.5 h; Low P4 = 14.3 ± 1.4 h) of estrus. Heifers in the High P4 treatment had greater number of follicles at time of AI (High P4 = 16.6 ± 1.6 follicles; Low P4 = 13.9 ± 1.2 follicles), but with smaller diameter (High P4 = 11.3 ± 0.1 mm; Low P4 = 12.0 ± 0.1 mm) compared with Low P4. High P4 heifers tended to have better embryo quality compared with Low P4 heifers (odds ratio = 1.98; 95% CI = 0.90-4.35). High P4 heifers had less embryos than Low P4 heifers, but this was modified by the CIDR (intravaginal implant of P4) removal to estrus interval (interval 0-21 h: mean ratio = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.42-1.87; interval 22-46 h: mean ratio = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.27-0.96). Although estrous expression was not associated with embryo quality, as the duration and the maximum intensity of estrous expression increased, the number of embryos recovered 7 d post-AI increased (duration: mean ratio = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.03-1.05; maximum intensity: mean ratio = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.42-1.58). In conclusion, P4 during the follicular growth, and intensity of estrus, are playing a role in regulating the quality and the number of embryos produced by superovulated heifers. This study was supported by contributions from Resilient Dairy Genome Project and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C S Marques
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - J P O Maciel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, Canada
| | - J Denis-Robichaud
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - R S Conceicao
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - A M Bega
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18168-000, Canada
| | - S Moore
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - M A Sirard
- Department of Animal Sciences, Laval University, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada
| | - C F Baes
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - R L A Cerri
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Fair T, Lonergan P. The oocyte: the key player in the success of assisted reproduction technologies. Reprod Fertil Dev 2023; 36:133-148. [PMID: 38064189 DOI: 10.1071/rd23164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The ovulation of a mature oocyte at metaphase II of meiosis, with optimal potential to undergo fertilisation by a sperm cell, complete meiosis and sustain the switch to mitotic division, and support early embryo development, involves a protracted and disrupted/delayed series of processes. Many of these are targeted for exploitation in vivo , or recapitulation in vitro , by the livestock industry. Reproductive technologies, including AI, multiple ovulation embryo transfer, ovum pick-up, in vitro embryo production, and oestrus and ovulation synchronisation, offer practitioners and producers the opportunity to produce offspring from genetically valuable dams in much greater numbers than they would normally have in their lifetime, while in vitro oocyte and follicle culture are important platforms for researchers to interrogate the physiological mechanisms driving fertility. The majority of these technologies target the ovarian follicle and the oocyte within; thus, the quality and capability of the recovered oocyte determine the success of the reproductive intervention. Molecular and microscopical technologies have grown exponentially, providing powerful platforms to interrogate the molecular mechanisms which are integral to or affected by ART. The development of the bovine oocyte from its differentiation in the ovary to ovulation is described in the light of its relevance to key aspects of individual interventions, while highlighting the historical timeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudee Fair
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pat Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Abdelhady AWA, Aguiar LH, Lee YL, Guo Z, Bovell RT, Crane PL, Diel de Amorim M, Cheong SH. Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase inhibitor improves outcomes of direct-transfer slow-cooled bovine blastocysts. Theriogenology 2023; 211:19-27. [PMID: 37556931 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Direct-transfer slow-cooling cryopreservation is a widely used method for bovine embryo cryopreservation. However, the transfer of cryopreserved embryos is associated with reduced pregnancy rates. Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase inhibitor (ROCKi) has shown promise in improving the viability of post-warmed vitrified bovine embryos. Our objective was to investigate the effects of ROCKi treatment prior to slow-cooling or after cryopreservation on embryo viability. In vitro produced bovine embryos (n = 571) were randomly assigned to one of five groups: No-cryopreservation control group (NC-C), C-C group were cryopreserved by slow-rate cooling without ROCKi at any point, R-C group were incubated with ROCKi for 2 h before cryopreservation, C-R group were not exposed to ROCKi prior to cryopreservation but were cultured with ROCKi after cryopreservation, and R-R group were exposed to ROCKi before and after cryopreservation. Treatment group was significantly associated with blastocoel re-expansion, hatching, and degeneration (P < 0.0001). Blastocoel re-expansion rates were lower (P < 0.05) in the C-C (75.2 ± 4.2%) and R-C (85.2 ± 4.7%) groups compared with the NC-C (99.0 ± 0.7%), C-R (94.7 ± 2.6%) and the R-R (94.5 ± 2.9%) groups. The median time to re-expansion was significantly slowest in the C-C group (650, 560-915 min), followed by the R-C group (538, 421-611 min), then the C-R and R-R groups were similar (291, 261-361 and 321, 271-371 min) and the NC-C group was the fastest (196, 161-230 min) (P < 0.05). Similarly, the post-thaw hatching rate was lower, and the median time to hatching slower in the C-C (58.1 ± 7.0%, 2,033, 1634-2820 min) and R-C (65.7 ± 6.9%, 1,853, 1494-2356 min) groups compared with the NC-C (81.7 ± 6.0%, 1,309, 1084-1514 min), C-R (77.2 ± 6.5%, 1,384, 1013-1754 min) and R-R (82.0 ± 5.3%, 1,209, 943-1424 min) groups. ROCKi supplementation after cryopreservation resulted in fewer degenerated embryos (C-R = 8.9 ± 2.8%, and R-R 7.1 ± 2.8%) compared to the C-C (26.8 ± 4.3%) and R-C (17.9 ± 5.7%) groups. Exposure to ROCKi both before cryopreservation and after-cryopreservation yielded the best outcomes, similar to NC-C control group without cryopreservation, and significantly better than the C-C control group without supplements. Exposure to ROCKi after cryopreservation demonstrated greater benefits compared to exposure before cryopreservation alone. These findings suggest that ROCKi can potentially enhance cryosurvival of bovine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Henrique Aguiar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yoke Lee Lee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ziqi Guo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Rhasaan T Bovell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Patrick L Crane
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Mariana Diel de Amorim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Soon Hon Cheong
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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9
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Hayden CB, Sala RV, Pereira DC, Moreno JF, García-Guerra A. Effect of use and dosage of p-follicle-stimulating hormone for ovarian superstimulation before ovum pick-up and in vitro embryo production in pregnant Holstein heifers. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8110-8121. [PMID: 37641305 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The benefit of ovarian superstimulation using exogenous FSH before ovum pick-up (OPU) and in vitro embryo production (IVEP) has been the subject of conflicting results. The objective of the present study, therefore, was to evaluate the effect of use and dose of porcine FSH (p-FSH) before OPU/IVEP on ovarian response and embryo production in pregnant heifers. Pregnant Holstein heifers (n = 48) were randomly assigned to receive 0, 160, or 300 mg NIH-FSH-P1 in a crossover design. Ovum pick-up was performed at 49, 63, and 77 d of gestation with a 14 d "washout" between OPU sessions. Follicle ablation was performed on D 0 (p.m.) and p-FSH treatments, consisting of 4 decreasing dose injections administered 12 h apart, were initiated 36 h after follicle ablation (d 2 a.m.). Heifers underwent OPU on D 5 (a.m.), 40 h after the last p-FSH treatment, and cumulus oocyte complexes (COC) were subjected to IVEP procedures. Differences between treatment groups were evaluated using generalized linear mixed models. There were quadratic effects of treatment on both number and percentage of small (<6 mm), medium (6-10 mm), and large (>10 mm) follicles. Number and percentage of medium follicles increased with increasing p-FSH dosages, although the magnitude of the change was greater between 0 and 160 mg, than between 160 and 300 mg of p-FSH. Total number of follicles, number of COC recovered and number of viable COC increased linearly with increasing p-FSH dose. Conversely, there was no evidence for an effect of p-FSH dose on COC recovery percentage nor the percentage of viable COC. Cleavage percentage, number of cleaved oocytes, blastocyst percentage, and number of blastocysts increased linearly with increasing p-FSH dose. In conclusion, use of p-FSH before OPU resulted in greater superstimulatory response and oocyte competence which in turn increased IVEP. Furthermore, these effects were dose dependent such that use of a greater dose of p-FSH up to 300 mg progressively increased embryo yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron B Hayden
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Rodrigo V Sala
- STgenetics, The Ohio Heifer Center, South Charleston, OH 45368
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10
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Kim D, Yi J. Improving Cryopreservation Efficiency and Pregnancy Rate through Superovulation with Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in Korean Hanwoo Cows via Ovum Pick Up. Vet Sci 2023; 10:578. [PMID: 37756101 PMCID: PMC10534669 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to devise an efficient technique for generating embryos from high-quality bovine females. Oocytes were collected from 20 control and 15 Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) females treated with the FSH. A combination of decreasing FSH doses (36, 36, 24, and 24 mg, 12 h apart), progesterone, estrogen, and prostaglandins were administered to synchronize and mildly stimulate the animals. The FSH-treated group (1125 oocytes) and control group (1022 oocytes) exhibited a higher proportion of grade A and B oocytes (88.2%) than the other grades (p < 0.05), with most at the germinal vesicle 2 stage (64.0%). Moreover, the FSH-treated group achieved a notably higher blastocyst rate (44.7%) compared to the control group (31.1%) (p < 0.05). After undergoing vitrification and in vitro culture (IVC) warming, embryos in the FSH group exhibited higher re-expansion rates (grade 1: 86.9%; grades 2 and 3: 57.9%) compared to those in the control (p < 0.05). This highlights the positive impact of FSH treatment on in vitro embryo production (IVEP) and the OPU rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehyun Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Junkoo Yi
- School of Animal Life Convergence Science, Hankyung National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
- Gyeonggi Regional Research Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
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11
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Baruselli PS, de Abreu LÂ, Catussi BLC, Oliveira ACDS, Rebeis LM, Gricio EA, Albertini S, Sales JNS, Rodrigues CA. Use of new recombinant proteins for ovarian stimulation in ruminants. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20230092. [PMID: 37720727 PMCID: PMC10503889 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, gonadotropin products (follicle stimulating hormone, FSH, and luteinizing hormone, LH) used in animal reproduction are produced by extraction and purification from abattoir-derived pituitary glands. This method, relying on animal-derived materials, carries the potential risk of hormone contamination and pathogen transmission. Additionally, chorionic gonadotropins are extracted from the blood of pregnant mares (equine chorionic gonadotropin; eCG) or the urine of pregnant women (human chorionic gonadotropin; hCG). However, recent advancements have introduced recombinant gonadotropins for assisted animal reproduction therapies. The traditional use of FSH for superovulation has limitations, including labor requirements and variability in superovulation response, affecting the success of in vivo (SOV) and in vitro (OPU/IVEP) embryo production. FSH treatment for superstimulation before OPU can promote the growth of a homogenous follicular population and the recovery of competent oocytes suitable for IVEP procedures. At present, a single injection of a preparation of long-acting bovine recombinant FSH (rFSH) produced similar superovulation responses resulting in the production of good-quality in vivo and in vitro embryos. Furthermore, the treatment with eCG at FTAI protocol has demonstrated its efficacy in promoting follicular growth, ovulation, and P/AI, mainly in heifers and anestrous cows. Currently, treatment with recombinant glycoproteins with eCG-like activity (r-eCG) have shown promising results in increasing follicular growth, ovulation, and P/AI in cows submitted to P4/E2 -based protocols. Bovine somatotropin (bST) is a naturally occurring hormone found in cows. Recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST), produced through genetic engineering techniques, has shown potential in enhancing reproductive outcomes in ruminants. Treatment with rbST has been found to improve P/IA, increase donor embryo production, and enhance P/ET in recipients. The use of recombinant hormones allows to produce non-animal-derived products, offering several advantages in assisted reproductive technologies for ruminants. This advancement opens up new possibilities for improving reproductive efficiency and success rates in the field of animal reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Sampaio Baruselli
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Laís Ângelo de Abreu
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Bruna Lima Chechin Catussi
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Carolina dos Santos Oliveira
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Lígia Mattos Rebeis
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Emanuele Almeida Gricio
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Sofía Albertini
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Gutierrez-Reinoso MA, Arreseigor CJ, Driedger B, Cabezas I, Hugues F, Parra NC, Sánchez O, Toledo JR, Garcia-Herreros M. Effects of recombinant FSH (bscrFSH) and pituitary FSH (FSH-p) on embryo production in superovulated dairy heifers inseminated with unsorted and sex-sorted semen. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 252:107226. [PMID: 37027990 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Superovulation is a drug-based method used in cattle to stimulate the ovarian folliculogenesis and the number of oocytes and transferable embryos. The present study aimed to test the effects of recombinant FSH (bscrFSH) and pituitary FSH (FSH-p) on ovarian response and in vivo embryo production in superovulated dairy heifers inseminated with unsorted and sex-sorted semen. Forty healthy Holstein heifers subjected to a superovulation (SOV) protocol by using FSH-p or bscrFSH were divided randomly into four groups: a) FSH-p inseminated with unsorted semen (USP; n = 10), b) FSH-p inseminated with sex-sorted semen (SSP; n = 10), c) bscrFSH inseminated with unsorted semen (USR; n = 10), and d) bscrFSH inseminated with sex-sorted semen (SSR; n = 10). Ultrasonography was carried out on Day 8 (estrus) and Day 15 (embryo collection) to evaluate the ovarian structures [follicles (FL), corpora lutea (CL), and non-ovulated follicles (NOFL)]. Embryonic-derived parameters were scored on Day 15 [total structures collected (TS), unfertilised oocytes (UFOs), total embryos (TEs), transferable embryos (TFEs), freezable embryos (FEs), and degenerated embryos (DEs)]. No differences were observed regarding ovarian structures (FL and NOFL) irrespective of SOV protocol or group assessed (P > 0.05). CL increased in bscrFSH-derived SOV protocol (P < 0.05). On Day 15, the embryonic-derived parameters TEs, TFEs, and FEs decreased in SSP/SSR compared to USP/USR (P < 0.05). Differences were observed regarding UFOs, with a greater number in SSP and SSR (P = 0.01). In conclusion, the bscrFSH-derived SOV protocol showed improved results compared to FSH-p-derived SOV protocol regarding ovarian (CL) and embryo-derived (TFE) parameters irrespective of the type of semen used.
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13
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Ferré LB, Alvarez-Gallardo H, Romo S, Fresno C, Stroud T, Stroud B, Lindsey B, Kjelland ME. Transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval in cattle: State-of-the-art and its impact on the in vitro fertilization embryo production outcome. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:363-378. [PMID: 36510745 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval (commonly called OPU) and in vitro embryo production (IVP) in cattle has shown significant progress in recent years, in part, as a result of a better understanding of the full potential of these tools by end users. The combination of OPU and IVP (OPU-IVP) has been successfully and widely commercially used worldwide. The main advantages are a greater number of embryos and pregnancies per unit of time, faster genetic progress due to donor quick turn around and more elite sires mating combinations, larger spectrum of female age (calves, prepuberal, heifer, cow) and condition (open, pregnant) from which to retrieve oocytes, a reduced number of sperm (even sexed) required to fertilize the oocytes, among other benefits. OPU-IVP requires significant less donor preparation in comparison to conventional embryo transfer (<50% of usual FSH injections needed) to the extent of no stimulating hormones (FSH) are necessary. Donor synchronization, stimulation, OPU technique, oocyte competence, embryo performance, and its impact on cryopreservation and pregnancy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis B Ferré
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Chacra Experimental Integrada Barrow (MDA-INTA), Tres Arroyos, Argentina
| | - Horacio Alvarez-Gallardo
- Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Salvador Romo
- Laboratorio de Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Cristóbal Fresno
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICSA), Anáhuac University of México, Huixquilucan, Mexico
| | | | - Brad Stroud
- Stroud Veterinary Embryo Services, Inc, Weatherford, Texas, USA
| | | | - Michael E Kjelland
- Conservation, Genetics and Biotech, LLC, Valley City, North Dakota, USA.,Mayville State University, Mayville, North Dakota, USA
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14
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Lopes JS, Ivanova E, Ruiz S, Andrews S, Kelsey G, Coy P. Effect of Superovulation Treatment on Oocyte's DNA Methylation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:16158. [PMID: 36555801 PMCID: PMC9785075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled ovarian stimulation is a necessary step in some assisted reproductive procedures allowing a higher collection of female gametes. However, consequences of this stimulation for the gamete or the offspring have been shown in several mammals. Most studies used comparisons between oocytes from different donors, which may contribute to different responses. In this work, we use the bovine model in which each animal serves as its own control. DNA methylation profiles were obtained by single-cell whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of oocytes from pre-ovulatory unstimulated follicles compared to oocytes from stimulated follicles. Results show that the global percentage of methylation was similar between groups, but the percentage of methylation was lower for non-stimulated oocytes in the imprinted genes APEG3, MEG3, and MEG9 and higher in TSSC4 when compared to stimulated oocytes. Differences were also found in CGI of imprinted genes: higher methylation was found among non-stimulated oocytes in MEST (PEG1), IGF2R, GNAS (SCG6), KvDMR1 ICR UMD, and IGF2. In another region around IGF2, the methylation percentage was lower for non-stimulated oocytes when compared to stimulated oocytes. Data drawn from this study might help to understand the molecular reasons for the appearance of certain syndromes in assisted reproductive technologies-derived offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana S. Lopes
- Physiology of Reproduction Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Ivanova
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Salvador Ruiz
- Physiology of Reproduction Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Simon Andrews
- Bioinformatics Group, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Gavin Kelsey
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Pilar Coy
- Physiology of Reproduction Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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15
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Khodadadi A, Niasari-Naslaji A, Nikjou D, Mohammadi B. Superovulation of high-producing Holstein lactating dairy cows with human recombinant FSH and hMG. Theriogenology 2022; 191:239-244. [PMID: 35998407 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Superovulation of high-producing dairy cows is a challenging subject in dairy farms with respect to the cost, dose and type of gonadotropin. The objectives of this study were to compare three gonadotropin products: Folltropin-V® (highly purified FSH with porcine origin), Cinnal-f® (recombinant human FSH) and Menotropins® (hMG) for superovulation in high-producing Holstein lactating dairy cows and to investigate the pregnancy outcomes achieved following transferring embryos recovered from donors treated with different gonadotropins. Healthy high-producing Holstein lactating dairy cows (n = 30; milk production: 46.35 ± 8.78 kg; parity: 2-4; days in milk: 80-130 days) without any puerperal problems were selected as donors. On Day 10 after estrus (Day 0 of superovulation), donors (10 cows in each experimental groups) received Folltropin-V® (400 mg NIH, dissolved in 20 ml), Cinnal-f® (20 vials; each vial of 1 ml contains 75 IU Follitropin alfa) and Menotropins ® (20 ampules; each ampule of 1 ml contains 75 IU FSH and 75 IU LH), administered twice daily, in decreasing doses (4,4; 3,3; 2,2; 1,1 ml), over 4 days. On Day 2 of superovulation, donors received 3 doses of prostaglandin F2α analogue, 6 h apart. They were inseminated twice with a frozen semen at 12 and 24 h after standing estrus. Concurrent with the second insemination, donors received 2500 IU hCG (Karma Pharmatech GmbH, Germany). On Day 7 after standing estrus, superovulatory responses (number of CLs, total ova/embryos and transferable embryos) were recorded and Code 1 embryos, recovered from each treated donors, were transferred to synchronized heifers. Pregnancy was detected on Day 30 and 60 after AI. Gestation length, the number and weight of live births were recorded. Data were analyzed using Proc GLM, Proc Mixed and Proc Genmod of SAS. The respective number of corpora lutea, total number of ova/embryos and transferable embryos were not different among donors received Cinnal-f (25.5 ± 3.01, 11.2 ± 2.77, 5.1 ± 0.86), Menotropins (24.0 ± 3.21, 9.0 ± 2.04, 6.3 ± 1.74) and Folltropin-V (20.3 ± 3.21, 8.9 ± 1.90, 5.1 ± 1.16; P > 0.05). Pregnancy rates on Day 30 was similar among treatment groups (P > 0.05). However, pregnancy rates on Day 60 and the number of calves born healthy was less in heifers that received embryos from Cinnal-f treated donors (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Cinnal-f and Menotropins could provide similar superovulatory response to Folltropin-V for superovulation of high-producing Holstein lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khodadadi
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Niasari-Naslaji
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Abstract
Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have made tremendous advances, in last years. Artificial insemination is a method for achieving slow genetic progress in populations of animals. Many large and small ruminants are bred by AI, and more than a half million embryos are transferred every year around the world. Most of the ruminants sires used for artificial insemination were derived from embryo transfer. Improvements of reproductive biotechnologies of controlling the estrous cycle and ovulation have resulted in more effective programs for AI, superovulation of donor, and the management of ET. In the ruminants, ET procedure is a timely alternative that can allow good conception rates to be obtained constant in a year. There have been great advances of this biotechnique with on aimed to intensify the genetic progress between generations of farm. The gains is possible with the development of advanced reproductive biotechnique. The best current strategy in applying biotechnology to farmers is to use AI with sexed semen, so farmers will enjoy and benefit. The use of ET together with cryopreserved sexed embryos has a very specific potential for donor replacement and genetic improvement of the herd. In this chapter, procedures of the MOET protocol were described step by step.
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17
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Zwiefelhofer ML, Singh J, Zwiefelhofer EM, Mastromonaco G, Adams GP. Influence of ovarian follicular wave synchronization and single-dose eCG superstimulation on oocyte collection and in vitro embryo production in bison during the ovulatory and anovulatory seasons. Theriogenology 2022; 187:238-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gutiérrez-Reinoso MA, Aguilera CJ, Navarrete F, Cabezas J, Castro FO, Cabezas I, Sánchez O, García-Herreros M, Rodríguez-Alvarez L. Effects of Extra-Long-Acting Recombinant Bovine FSH (bscrFSH) on Cattle Superovulation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12020153. [PMID: 35049777 PMCID: PMC8772581 DOI: 10.3390/ani12020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, several commercial FSH products have been developed for cattle superovulation (SOV) purposes in Multiple Ovulation and Embryo Transfer (MOET) programs. The SOV response is highly variable among individuals and remains one of the main limiting factors in obtaining a profitable number of transferable embryos. In this study, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from different origins was included in two SOV protocols, (a) FSH from purified pig pituitary extract (NIH-FSH-p; two doses/day, 12 h apart, four consecutive days); and (b) extra-long-acting bovine recombinant FSH (bscrFSH; a single dose/day, four consecutive days), to test the effects of bscrFSH on the ovarian response, hormone profile levels, in vivo embryo production and the pluripotency gene expression of the obtained embryos. A total of 68 healthy primiparous red Angus cows (Bos taurus) were randomly distributed into two experimental groups (n = 34 each). Blood sample collection for progesterone (P4) and cortisol (C) level determination was performed together with ultrasonographic assessment for ovarian size, follicles (FL) and corpora lutea (CL) quantification in each SOV protocol (Day 0, 4, 8, and 15). Moreover, FSH profiles were monitorised throughout both protocols (Day 0, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 15). In vivo embryo quantity and quality (total structures, morulae, blastocysts, viable, degenerated and blocked embryos) were recorded in each SOV protocol. Finally, embryo quality in both protocols was assessed by the analysis of the expression level of crucial genes for early embryo development (OCT4, IFNt, CDX2, BCL2, and BAX). P4 and cortisol concentration peaks in both SOV protocols were obtained on Day 15 and Day 8, respectively, which were statistically different compared to the other time-points (p < 0.05). Ovarian dimensions increased from Day 0 to Day 15 irrespective of the SOV protocol considered (p < 0.05). Significant changes in CL number were observed over time till Day 15 irrespective of the SOV protocol applied (p < 0.05), being non- significantly different between SOV protocols within each time-point (p > 0.05). The number of CL was higher on Day 15 in the bscrFSH group compared to the NIH-FSH-p group (p < 0.05). The number of embryonic structures recovered was higher in the bscrFSH group (p = 0.025), probably as a result of a tendency towards a greater number of follicles developed compared to the NIH-FSH-p group. IFNt and BAX were overexpressed in embryos from the bscrFSH group (p < 0.05), with a fold change of 16 and 1.3, respectively. However, no statistical differences were detected regarding the OCT4, CDX2, BCL2, and BCL2/BAX expression ratio (p > 0.05). In conclusion, including bscrFSH in SOV protocols could be an important alternative by reducing the number of applications and offering an improved ovarian response together with better embryo quality and superior performance in embryo production compared to NIH-FSH-p SOV protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Gutiérrez-Reinoso
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción (UdeC), Chillán 3780000, Chile; (M.A.G.-R.); (C.J.A.); (F.N.); (J.C.); (F.O.C.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), Latacunga 050150, Ecuador
| | - Constanza J. Aguilera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción (UdeC), Chillán 3780000, Chile; (M.A.G.-R.); (C.J.A.); (F.N.); (J.C.); (F.O.C.)
| | - Felipe Navarrete
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción (UdeC), Chillán 3780000, Chile; (M.A.G.-R.); (C.J.A.); (F.N.); (J.C.); (F.O.C.)
| | - Joel Cabezas
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción (UdeC), Chillán 3780000, Chile; (M.A.G.-R.); (C.J.A.); (F.N.); (J.C.); (F.O.C.)
| | - Fidel O. Castro
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción (UdeC), Chillán 3780000, Chile; (M.A.G.-R.); (C.J.A.); (F.N.); (J.C.); (F.O.C.)
| | - Ignacio Cabezas
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción (UdeC), Chillán 3780000, Chile;
| | - Oliberto Sánchez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, Concepcion 4070386, Chile;
| | - Manuel García-Herreros
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV), 2005-048 Santarém, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.G.-H.); (L.R.-A.); Tel.: +56-42-220-8835 (L.R.-A.); Fax: +351-24-3767 (M.G.-H.) (ext. 330)
| | - Lleretny Rodríguez-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción (UdeC), Chillán 3780000, Chile; (M.A.G.-R.); (C.J.A.); (F.N.); (J.C.); (F.O.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.-H.); (L.R.-A.); Tel.: +56-42-220-8835 (L.R.-A.); Fax: +351-24-3767 (M.G.-H.) (ext. 330)
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Effect of active immunization with recombinant-derived goose INH-α, AMH, and PRL fusion protein on broodiness onset and egg production in geese (Anser cygnoides). Poult Sci 2021; 100:101452. [PMID: 34601444 PMCID: PMC8531861 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the potential effects of active immunization against recombinant-derived goose inhibin-α (INH-α), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and prolactin (PRL) fusion protein on broodiness onset and egg production in geese. The purified fusion proteins (INH-α, AMH, and PRL) were prepared using a prokaryotic expression system. Female Zhedong geese (10 mo old) were randomly assigned to one of 4 treatments and raised in separate pens. The geese were actively immunized with the recombinant goose INH-α, AMH, or PRL, respectively, and phosphate-buffered saline as control. The results showed the corresponding antibodies were produced when the geese were immune INH-α, AMH-, and PRL-recombinant proteins. The significantly higher luteinizing hormone contents were observed in the INH-α, AMH, and PRL recombinant protein-immunized geese, while the lower AMH hormone content only in PRL-immunized birds. AMH recombinant protein immunized geese had more large yellow follicles of ovary, while the INHα-treated birds with more other follicles compared with control geese. In addition, the geese receiving INH-α recombinant protein, the broodiness onset was about 6 d, which significantly shorter than did PBS immunization (16 d). The INHα- and PRL-immunization also resulted in 12.5 and 8.5 d shorter broody duration intervals compared to the control birds. Moreover, the lower new broodiness rate was observed in three recombinant proteins treated birds. Finally, the PRL recombinant protein-immunization resulted in an average increase of 1.34 eggs during a 40-d observation. Collectively, the data demonstrated that active immunization against recombinant proteins INH-α or AMH could promote LH hormone secretion, regulate follicle development and decrease the broodiness rate. Also, active immunization with a recombinant-derived goose PRL protein might improve egg laying performance.
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Recchia K, Jorge AS, Pessôa LVDF, Botigelli RC, Zugaib VC, de Souza AF, Martins DDS, Ambrósio CE, Bressan FF, Pieri NCG. Actions and Roles of FSH in Germinative Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10110. [PMID: 34576272 PMCID: PMC8470522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is produced by the pituitary gland in a coordinated hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis event, plays important roles in reproduction and germ cell development during different phases of reproductive development (fetal, neonatal, puberty, and adult life), and is consequently essential for fertility. FSH is a heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone of two dissociable subunits, α and β. The FSH β-subunit (FSHβ) function starts upon coupling to its specific receptor: follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR). FSHRs are localized mainly on the surface of target cells on the testis and ovary (granulosa and Sertoli cells) and have recently been found in testicular stem cells and extra-gonadal tissue. Several reproduction disorders are associated with absent or low FSH secretion, with mutation of the FSH β-subunit or the FSH receptor, and/or its signaling pathways. However, the influence of FSH on germ cells is still poorly understood; some studies have suggested that this hormone also plays a determinant role in the self-renewal of germinative cells and acts to increase undifferentiated spermatogonia proliferation. In addition, in vitro, together with other factors, it assists the process of differentiation of primordial germ cells (PGCLCs) into gametes (oocyte-like and SSCLCs). In this review, we describe relevant research on the influence of FSH on spermatogenesis and folliculogenesis, mainly in the germ cell of humans and other species. The possible roles of FSH in germ cell generation in vitro are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiana Recchia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01001-010, Brazil; (K.R.); (F.F.B.)
| | - Amanda Soares Jorge
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (A.S.J.); (L.V.d.F.P.); (R.C.B.); (V.C.Z.); (D.d.S.M.); (C.E.A.)
| | - Laís Vicari de Figueiredo Pessôa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (A.S.J.); (L.V.d.F.P.); (R.C.B.); (V.C.Z.); (D.d.S.M.); (C.E.A.)
| | - Ramon Cesar Botigelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (A.S.J.); (L.V.d.F.P.); (R.C.B.); (V.C.Z.); (D.d.S.M.); (C.E.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cristiane Zugaib
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (A.S.J.); (L.V.d.F.P.); (R.C.B.); (V.C.Z.); (D.d.S.M.); (C.E.A.)
| | - Aline Fernanda de Souza
- Department Biomedical Science, Ontary Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Daniele dos Santos Martins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (A.S.J.); (L.V.d.F.P.); (R.C.B.); (V.C.Z.); (D.d.S.M.); (C.E.A.)
| | - Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (A.S.J.); (L.V.d.F.P.); (R.C.B.); (V.C.Z.); (D.d.S.M.); (C.E.A.)
| | - Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01001-010, Brazil; (K.R.); (F.F.B.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (A.S.J.); (L.V.d.F.P.); (R.C.B.); (V.C.Z.); (D.d.S.M.); (C.E.A.)
| | - Naira Caroline Godoy Pieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (A.S.J.); (L.V.d.F.P.); (R.C.B.); (V.C.Z.); (D.d.S.M.); (C.E.A.)
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Mahmood K, Tahir MZ, Butt MA, Qureshi SM, Riaz A. GnRH or estradiol benzoate combination with CIDR improves in-vivo embryo production in bovines ( Bos indicus and Bos taurus) under subtropics. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12077. [PMID: 34616605 PMCID: PMC8450005 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Ovulation and Embryo Transfer (MOET) technology is a potential technique to upgrade livestock species' genetics. The varied response to super-stimulatory treatments remains one of the limiting factors to this technology's widespread use. The present study was aimed to improve the superovulation response and in-vivo embryo production by using controlled internal drug release (CIDR)-GnRH or CIDR-EB (Estradiol Benzoate) along with conventional superovulation protocol in Holstein Frisian (HF): Bos taurus; n = 42) and Crossbred (XB: Cholistani (Bos indicus) × HF; n = 28) cows. In the CIDR-GnRH/CIDR-EB treatment, CIDR was implanted in the cows after confirming the presence of a corpus luteum (CL) on the 8th day after estrus. 2 ml GnRH (Lecirelin acetate 0.0262 mg/ml) or 2 mg EB was also administered in CIDR-GnRH/CIDR-EB groups, respectively. Both groups were given super-stimulatory treatment from the 11th day after estrus (FSH in tapering doses twice a day for four consecutive days). On day 13, two doses of 2 ml prostaglandin (75 µg/ml of dextrorotatory cloprostenol) were administered (am: pm), and CIDR was removed the following day. Two artificial inseminations (AI) of the cows were performed (12 h apart) on the 15th day. No CIDR and GnRH/E.B were given in the control group, but the remaining superovulation protocol was the same. Later on, seven days after the first AI, non-surgical embryo flushing was done. The transferable embryos produced from three different superovulation protocols were then transferred into the recipient cows (n = 90) for determining their fertility. Statistical analysis revealed that the number of super-estrus follicles (SEF), multiple corpora lutea (MCL), ovulation/fertilization percentage, fertilized structures recovered (FSR), and transferable embryos (TEs) remained significantly higher (p < 0.05), and days taken for return to estrus (RTE) after embryo collection remained significantly lower (p < 0.05) in CIDR-GnRH (n = 18) and CIDR-EB (n = 15) groups as compared to the control (n = 37). The comparison between XB and HF cows revealed that the TEs production in CIDR-GnRH (XB = 5 vs HF = 13) and CIDR-EB (XB = 6 vs HF = 9) based superovulation protocols were 11.60 ± 4.08 vs 04.31 ± 0.98 and 09.33 ± 1.78 vs 05.22 ± 1.36, respectively. TEs production in XB cows (n = 5) of the CIDR-GnRH group was significantly higher (11.60 ± 4.08) than other groups. On the other hand, the days taken for RTE after embryo collection remained significantly lower (p < 0.05) in HF cows of treatment groups. However, the fertility of TEs was neither affected significantly (p > 0.05) by the superovulation protocol used nor by breed differences among donor cows. In conclusion, using CIDR-GnRH or CIDR-EB along with conventional superovulation protocol may enhance the efficiency of MOET programs in cattle. Furthermore, XB donor cows demonstrated a better performance than HF donor cows under subtropical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Mahmood
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahid Tahir
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mahboob Ahmad Butt
- Department of Livestock Management, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Amjad Riaz
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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Karasahin T, Alkan H, Satilmis F, Dursun S, Erdem H. Effect of flunixin meglumine treatment during and after embryo transfer on the pregnancy rate in cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1555-1561. [PMID: 34523163 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of flunixin meglumine treatment during and after the transfer of in vivo produced embryos to Angus (cows) and Holstein (cows and heifers) breeds of cattle on pregnancy rate. Holstein cows were used as donors in the study. A double dose of prostaglandin F2α was administered to the recipient animals for synchronization. Uterine flushing was performed in donors on day 7 after artificial insemination. A total of 295 transferable embryos were obtained. These embryos were transferred to Angus cows (n = 85), Holstein heifers (n = 80) and Holstein cows (n = 130). After the transfer, these animals were divided into three subgroups. The first subgroup (TI) was administered flunixin meglumine during embryo transfer, and the second subgroup (TII) was administered flunixin meglumine both during embryo transfer and on days 8 and 9 after the transfer. The third subgroup (TIII) was not administered anything and it was considered the control group. Pregnancy examination of the recipients was performed on days 30-35 after the transfer using real-time ultrasonography. The pregnancy rates after embryo transfer were found to be 43.52% in Angus cows, 42.5% in Holstein heifers, and 24.61% in Holstein cows (p < .05). When the animals were not classified according to breed, the pregnancy rates in subgroups TI, TII and TIII were found to be 29.29%, 45.10% and 29.79%, respectively (p < .05). In addition, the pregnancy rates were higher in TII and TIII subgroups of Angus cows and Holstein heifers compared to that of Holstein cows (p < .05). As a result, the pregnancy rates obtained after embryo transfer in Angus cows and Holstein heifers were found to be higher than that in Holstein cows. In addition, it was concluded that the administration of flunixin meglumine during and during/after embryo transfer has a positive effect on pregnancy rates in Angus cows and Holstein heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Karasahin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Hasan Alkan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Satilmis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sukru Dursun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Erdem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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23
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Effect of ovulation synchronization program and season on pregnancy to timed artificial insemination in suckled beef cows. Theriogenology 2021; 172:223-229. [PMID: 34284217 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to (i) evaluate the requirement for the administration of GnRH coincident with insertion of a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID) and (ii) the effect of supplementing with 400 IU eCG at PRID removal on pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in spring and autumn calving suckled beef cows, subjected to a 7-d CO-Synch + PRID timed artificial insemination (TAI) program. Suckled beef cows (n = 1408) on 62 commercial farms were enrolled and randomly assigned to either of three treatments: 1) cows received a PRID and 100 μg GnRH on Day -10, followed by 25 mg PGF2α at PRID removal (Day -3) and 100 μg GnRH 72 h later (Day 0) at TAI (Treatment 1; n: spring = 236, autumn = 248); 2) as Treatment 1, but without GnRH at PRID insertion on Day -10 (Treatment 2; n: spring = 232, autumn = 227); 3) as Treatment 1, but cows also received 400 IU eCG at PRID removal on Day -3 (Treatment 3; n: spring = 233, autumn = 232). At Day -10, ovaries were examined by ultrasonography to evaluate the presence or absence of a corpus luteum (CL) and follicle(s) ≥ 10 mm in diameter. Body condition score (BCS) was assessed on a scale of 1-5. Pregnancy diagnosis was carried out 30-35 d after TAI by transrectal ultrasonography. Data were analyzed using the GENMOD and LOGISTIC procedures of SAS. There was a treatment by season interaction for P/AI (P < 0.001). In spring, overall P/AI was 59.1% (414/701) and was affected by treatment (59.3 v 49.6 v 68.2%, for Treatments 1, 2 and 3, respectively P < 0.05). In contrast, in autumn, overall P/AI (51.5%, 364/707) was unaffected (P > 0.05) by treatment (50.1 v 53.7 v 48.7% for Treatments 1, 2 and 3, respectively). Overall, eCG had a positive effect on P/AI for cows lacking a CL at treatment initiation (P < 0.05). In addition, in cows with low BCS (≤2.25), eCG supplementation tended (P = 0.09) to improve P/AI. Seasonal differences in response to synchronization treatment may be reflective of different management regimens (grazing v confinement) and breed type and remain to be elucidated.
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Ratsiri T, Ratchamak R, Chumchai R, Boonkum W, Vongpralub T, Chankitisakul V. A novel route of follicle-stimulating hormone administration with a split-single ischiorectal fossa in Thai-Holstein crossbred superovulation programs under heat stress conditions. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13574. [PMID: 34227178 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to compare the efficiency of a split single injection of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) given by either intramuscular (split-single IM) or ischiorectal fossa (split-single IRF) injection to the traditional treatment and to determine the concentrations of FSH. The temperature and humidity index (THI) values were interpreted together with the ovarian responses and embryo characteristics. The ovarian responses in the split-single IRF group were similar to those of the control group (p > .05) but higher compared with the split-single IM group (p < .05). Higher peak levels of plasma FSH in the split-single IRF group did not differ compared with the control group (p > .05) but were lower in split-single IM administration (p < .05). The results showed a significant decrease in the numbers of large follicles and corpora lutea (CLs) in the moderate THI compared with low and high THI (p < .05). The high THI affected ovulation rate as well as the numbers of transferable embryos and degenerated embryos (p < .05). In conclusion, the split-single IRF administration had a comparable superovulatory response to the traditional twice-daily protocol. Moreover, the ovulation rate, ovarian follicle responses, and embryo quality were affected by heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanaporn Ratsiri
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ruthaiporn Ratchamak
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rujira Chumchai
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wuttigrai Boonkum
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Thevin Vongpralub
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Vibuntita Chankitisakul
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Kusama K, Rashid MB, Kowsar R, Marey MA, Talukder AK, Nagaoka K, Shimada M, Khatib H, Imakawa K, Miyamoto A. Day 7 Embryos Change the Proteomics and Exosomal Micro-RNAs Content of Bovine Uterine Fluid: Involvement of Innate Immune Functions. Front Genet 2021; 12:676791. [PMID: 34262596 PMCID: PMC8273763 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.676791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize proteins and exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) in the uterine flushings (UF) of cows associated with Day 7 (D7) pregnancy using the embryo donor cows of the embryo transfer program. Superovulated cows either were inseminated (AI cows) or remained non-inseminated (Ctrl cows). UF was collected on D7 in the presence of multiple embryos (AI cows) or without embryos (Ctrl cows) and subjected to isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification protein analysis. A total of 336 proteins were identified, of which 260 proteins were more than 2-fold higher in AI cows than Ctrl cows. Gene ontology analysis revealed that many differentially expressed proteins were involved in “neutrophil-related” and “extracellular vesicular exosome-related” terms. In silico analysis of proteins with higher concentrations in the UF of AI identified 18 uniquely expressed proteins. Exosomes were isolated from the UF, from which RNA was subjected to miRNA-seq, identifying 37 miRNAs. Of these, three miRNAs were lower, and six miRNAs were higher in the UF of AI cows than those of Ctrl ones. The principal component analysis displayed a close association in miRNA and protein between bta-miR-29a, bta-miR-199b, SUGT1, and PPID. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that SUGT1 was the best predictor for the presence of embryos in the uterus. These findings suggest that the presence of multiple D7 embryos in the uterus can lead to significant changes in the protein composition and exosomal miRNA contents of UF, which could mediate innate immunological interactions between the pre-hatching embryo and the uterus in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Kusama
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohammad B Rashid
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Rasoul Kowsar
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohamed A Marey
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Anup K Talukder
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimada
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hasan Khatib
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kazuhiko Imakawa
- Research Institute of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akio Miyamoto
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
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Villarraza CJ, Antuña S, Tardivo MB, Rodríguez MC, Mussio P, Cattaneo L, Fontana D, Díaz PU, Ortega HH, Tríbulo A, Macagno A, Bó GA, Ceaglio N, Prieto C. Development of a suitable manufacturing process for production of a bioactive recombinant equine chorionic gonadotropin (reCG) in CHO-K1 cells. Theriogenology 2021; 172:8-19. [PMID: 34082223 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) is a heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone produced by pregnant mares that has been used to improve reproductive performance in different domestic species. Several strategies to produce the hormone in a recombinant way have been reported; nevertheless, no approach has been able to produce a recombinant eCG (reCG) with significant in vivo bioactivity or in sufficient quantities for commercial purposes. For this reason, the only current product available on the market consists of partially purified preparations from serum of pregnant mares (PMSG). Herein, we describe a highly efficient process based on third-generation lentiviral vectors as delivery method for the production of reCG in suspension CHO-K1 cells, with productivities above 20 IU 106 cell-1.d-1 and 70% purification yields after one purification step. Importantly, reCG demonstrated biological activity in cattle, since around 30 μg of reCG were needed to exert the same biologic effect of 400 IU of PMSG in an ovulation synchronization protocol. The results obtained demonstrate that the developed strategy represents an attractive option for the production of reCG and constitutes an auspicious alternative for the replacement of animals as a source of PMSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Javier Villarraza
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242, (S3000ZAA), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Antuña
- Biotecnofe S.A., PTLC, Ruta 168 Pje El Pozo, (CP3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | - María Celeste Rodríguez
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242, (S3000ZAA), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Pablo Mussio
- UNL, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Biotechnological Development Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242 - (S3000ZAA), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | - Diego Fontana
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242, (S3000ZAA), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cellargen Biotech S.R.L., Antonia Godoy 6369 (S3000ZAA), Santa Fe, Argentina; Biotecnofe S.A., PTLC, Ruta 168 Pje El Pozo, (CP3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Pablo U Díaz
- UNL, FCV, R.P. Kreder, 2805, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias Del Litoral (ICiVet Litoral), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Hugo H Ortega
- UNL, FCV, R.P. Kreder, 2805, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias Del Litoral (ICiVet Litoral), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL) / Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andres Tríbulo
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Paraje Pozo Del Tigre, Zona Rural Gral, Paz, (X5145), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Macagno
- Instituto AP de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María (UNVM), Villa Del Rosario, (X5963), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Bó
- Instituto AP de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María (UNVM), Villa Del Rosario, (X5963), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Paraje Pozo Del Tigre, Zona Rural Gral, Paz, (X5145), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natalia Ceaglio
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242, (S3000ZAA), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Claudio Prieto
- UNL, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Biotechnological Development Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242 - (S3000ZAA), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cellargen Biotech S.R.L., Antonia Godoy 6369 (S3000ZAA), Santa Fe, Argentina; Biotecnofe S.A., PTLC, Ruta 168 Pje El Pozo, (CP3000), Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Alkan H, Satilmis F, Karasahin T, Dursun S, Erdem H. Evaluation of the relationship between serum paraoxonase-1 activity and superovulation response/embryo yield in Holstein cows. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:535-541. [PMID: 33536396 PMCID: PMC8025417 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of serum paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity on superovulation response and embryo yield was evaluated. The study material comprised 50
Holstein cows aged 3–4 years on postpartum day 90–120 with a body condition score of 3–3.25. A progesterone-based estrus synchronization protocol was initially
administered to the selected donors. For this purpose, progesterone source was inserted intravaginally (day 0) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone injection was
performed (day 6). Seven days after the insertion of progesterone device, follicle-stimulating hormone injections (total dose of 500 µg in decreasing doses for
4 days) were administered for superovulation. On the morning of the ninth day, prostaglandin (PG) F2α was administered, and the progesterone device was removed
from the vagina in the evening on the same day. Two days after PGF2α administration, fixed-time artificial insemination was performed in the morning and in the
evening. On the day of artificial insemination, blood samples were taken from the donors to determine the serum PON-1 activity. Uterine flushing was performed
seven days after insemination. The results revealed that the serum PON-1 activity (mean ± SD, 562.71 ± 140.23 U/l) of the cows that responded to superovulation
(donors with total corpus luteum count of ≥3 in both ovaries) was higher than those (389.91 ± 80.51 U/l) that did not (P<0.05). On the day
of insemination, a positive correlation was determined between serum PON-1 activity and the counts of total corpus luteum (r=0.398), total oocyte/embryo
(r=0.468), transferable embryo (r=0.453), and Code I embryos (r=0.315, P<0.05). Unlike the Code I embryos, there was no significant
correlation between serum PON-1 activity and the number of Code III embryos. Moreover, no significant difference in the number of Code III embryos between the
two PON-1 groups was observed. However, embryo yield and quality were found to have increased with increased PON-1 activity. Therefore, it was concluded that
serum PON-1 activity may be associated with superovulation response, embryo yield and quality in donor cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Alkan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, 42250, Turkey
| | - Fatma Satilmis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, 42250, Turkey
| | - Tahir Karasahin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, 68100, Turkey
| | - Sukru Dursun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, 68100, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Erdem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, 42250, Turkey
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Karasahin T, Alkan H, Satilmis F, Dursun S, Ozturk C, Bulut G, Aksoy NH, Tekindal MA, Caglayan T, Yesilkaya OF, Erdem H. Relationship between total antioxidant/oxidant status, and oxidative stress index and superovulation response in donor cows. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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D Occhio MJ, Campanile G, Baruselli PS. Transforming growth factor-β superfamily and interferon-τ in ovarian function and embryo development in female cattle: review of biology and application. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:539-552. [PMID: 32024582 DOI: 10.1071/rd19123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival of the embryo and establishment of a pregnancy is a critical period in the reproductive function of female cattle. This review examines how the transforming growth factor-β (TGFB) superfamily (i.e. bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 15, growth differentiation factor (GDF) 9, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)) and interferon-τ (IFNT) affect ovarian function and embryo development. The oocyte in a primary follicle secretes BMP15 and GDF9, which, together, organise the surrounding granulosa and theca cells into the oocyte-cumulus-follicle complex. At the same time, the granulosa secretes AMH, which affects the oocyte. This autocrine-paracrine dialogue between the oocyte and somatic cells continues throughout follicle development and is fundamental in establishing the fertilisation potential and embryo developmental competency of oocytes. The early bovine embryo secretes IFNT, which acts at the uterine endometrium, corpus luteum and blood leucocytes. IFNT is involved in the maternal recognition of pregnancy and immunomodulation to prevent rejection of the embryo, and supports progesterone secretion. Manipulation of BMP15, GDF9, AMH and IFNT in both invivo and invitro studies has confirmed their importance in reproductive function in female cattle. This review makes the case that a deeper understanding of the biology of BMP15, GDF9, AMH and IFNT will lead to new strategies to increase embryo survival and improve fertility in cattle. The enhancement of oocyte quality, early embryo development and implantation is considered necessary for the next step change in the efficiency of natural and assisted reproduction in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J D Occhio
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, 410 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, V. F. Delpino, 1 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro S Baruselli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootecnia, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, CEP 05508-270 Brazil; and Corresponding author.
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30
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Simões LMS, Santos APC, Bottino MP, Lima EA, Fernandes UR, Orlandi RE, Rodrigues SAD, Caixeta FM, Alves NG, Souza JC, Quintão CCR, Camargo LSA, Dode MAN, Sales JNS. Nuclear maturation kinetics and in vitro fertilization of immature bovine oocytes injected into pre-ovulatory follicles. Theriogenology 2021; 166:90-96. [PMID: 33711651 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The maturation kinetics and in vitro fertilization of immature bovine oocytes injected by the intra-follicular oocyte injection (IFOT) technique into pre-ovulatory follicles of previously synchronized cows were evaluated. In Experiment 1, grade I, II and III cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were randomly distributed to one of three Groups: Matvitro22 (COCs matured in vitro for 22 h), MatFol20 and MatFol28 (COCs matured in vivo after being injected into a pre-ovulatory follicle of previously synchronized cows for 19.8 ± 0.1 h and 28.3 ± 0.1 h, respectively). Cows received 12.5 mg of LH (Lutropin, Bioniche, Canada) at the time of IFOT in the MatFol20 Group or 10 h after IFOT in the MatFol28 Group. MatFol20 and MatFol28 COCs were aspirated approximately 20 h after the LH injection for nuclear maturation kinetics and recovery rate assessment. In Experiment 2, grade I, II, and III COCs were randomly distributed into two Groups: Matvitro22 Group, COCs were matured and fertilized in vitro, and MatFol20 Group, COCs were matured as in the MatFol20 Group in Experiment 1, but COCs were fertilized in vitro. Putative zygotes were classified as fertilized, unfertilized or polyspermic. In Experiment 1, the recovery rate was lower (P < 0.001) in the MatFol20 Group (52.9%, 91/172) compared with MatFol28 (72.9%, 113/155). Rate of oocytes in germinal vesicle stage, metaphase I, anaphase I and telophase I were similar among Groups. However, oocytes matured in vivo for 28.3 h had lower rate of metaphase II (P = 0.001) and greater rates of degenerated (P = 0.001) and parthenogenetically activated (P = 0.001) oocytes. In experiment 2, the rates of polyspermy and degenerated were similar between Groups. However, the rate of fertilized oocytes was greater (P = 0.05) in oocytes in the MatFol20 Group. It is concluded that oocyte in vivo maturation for 19.8 h after IFOT does not compromise the nuclear maturation kinetics and increases in vitro fertilization rates. However, the extra 10 h of intra-follicular incubation time decreased oocyte viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M S Simões
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil.
| | - A P C Santos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - M P Bottino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - E A Lima
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - U R Fernandes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - R E Orlandi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - S A D Rodrigues
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, 70910-970, Brazil
| | - F M Caixeta
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, 70910-970, Brazil
| | - N G Alves
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - J C Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - C C R Quintão
- Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36098-330, Brazil
| | - L S A Camargo
- Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36098-330, Brazil
| | - M A N Dode
- Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - J N S Sales
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil; Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36010-041, Brazil
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Antane V, Lusis I, Sematovica I, Waldmann A, Kanska I, Mangale M, Ringa-Osleja G, Lidaks M. Factors influencing multiple ovulation in dairy cows from Latvian brown, Latvian blue, and Danish red breeds at risk in Latvia. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Analysis of bovine blastocysts indicates ovarian stimulation does not induce chromosome errors, nor discordance between inner-cell mass and trophectoderm lineages. Theriogenology 2020; 161:108-119. [PMID: 33307428 PMCID: PMC7837012 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary systems for oocyte retrieval and culture of both cattle and human embryos are suboptimal with respect to pregnancy outcomes following transfer. In humans, chromosome abnormalities are the leading cause of early pregnancy loss in assisted reproduction. Consequently, pre-implantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) is widespread and there is considerable interest in its application to identify suitable cattle IVP embryos for transfer. Here we report on the nature and extent of chromosomal abnormalities following transvaginal follicular aspiration (OPU) and IVP in cattle. Nine sexually mature Holstein heifers underwent nine sequential cycles of OPU-IVP (six non-stimulated and three stimulated cycles), generating 459 blastocysts from 783 oocytes. We adopted a SNP-array approach normally employed in genomic evaluations but reanalysed (Turner et al., 2019; Theriogenology125: 249) to detect levels of meiotic aneuploidy. Specifically, we asked whether ovarian stimulation increased the level of aneuploidy in either trophectoderm (TE) or inner-cell mass (ICM) lineages of blastocysts generated from OPU-IVP cycles. The proportion of Day 8 blastocysts of inseminated was greater (P < 0.001) for stimulated than non-stimulated cycles (0.712 ± 0.0288 vs. 0.466 ± 0.0360), but the overall proportion aneuploidy was similar for both groups (0.241 ± 0.0231). Most abnormalities consisted of meiotic trisomies. Twenty in vivo derived blastocysts recovered from the same donors were all euploid, thus indicating that 24 h of maturation is primarily responsible for aneuploidy induction. Chromosomal errors in OPU-IVP blastocysts decreased (P < 0.001) proportionately as stage/grade improved (from 0.373 for expanded Grade 2 to 0.128 for hatching Grade 1 blastocysts). Importantly, there was a high degree of concordance in the incidence of aneuploidy between TE and ICM lineages. Proportionately, 0.94 were "perfectly concordant" (i.e. identical result in both); 0.01 were imperfectly concordant (differing abnormalities detected); 0.05 were discordant; of which 0.03 detected a potentially lethal TE abnormality (false positives), leaving only 0.02 false negatives. These data support the use of TE biopsies for PGT-A in embryos undergoing genomic evaluation in cattle breeding. Finally, we report chromosome-specific errors and a high degree of variability in the incidence of aneuploidy between donors, suggesting a genetic contribution that merits further investigation.
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Gad A, Sánchez JM, Browne JA, Nemcova L, Laurincik J, Prochazka R, Lonergan P. Plasma extracellular vesicle miRNAs as potential biomarkers of superstimulatory response in cattle. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19130. [PMID: 33154526 PMCID: PMC7645755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to predict superstimulatory response would be a beneficial tool in assisted reproduction. Using small RNAseq technology, we profiled extracellular vesicle microRNA (EV-miRNA) abundance in the blood plasma of heifers exhibiting variable responses to superstimulation. Estrous synchronized crossbred beef heifers (n = 25) were superstimulated and blood samples were collected from each heifer on Day 7 of consecutive unstimulated (U) and superstimulated (S) cycles. A subset of high (H) and low (L) responders was selected depending on their response to superstimulation and EV-miRNA profiles were analysed at both time-points in each heifer. Approximately 200 known miRNAs were detected in each sample with 144 commonly detected in all samples. A total of 12 and 14 miRNAs were dysregulated in UH vs. UL and in SH vs. SL heifers, respectively. Interestingly, miR-206 and miR-6517 exhibited the same differential expression pattern in H compared to L heifers both before and after superstimulation. Pathway analysis indicated that circadian rhythm and signaling pathways were among the top pathways enriched with genes targeted by dysregulated miRNAs in H vs. L responding heifers. In conclusion, heifers with divergent ovarian responses exhibited differential expression of plasma EV-miRNAs which may be used as a potential biomarker to predict superstimulation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Gad
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic.,Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - José María Sánchez
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John A Browne
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lucie Nemcova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Laurincik
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic.,Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Radek Prochazka
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Pat Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Schuler G. [Equine chorionic gonadotrophin: Biology and veterinary use]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2020; 48:344-354. [PMID: 33080658 DOI: 10.1055/a-1235-7973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The pituitary gonadotrophins follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) play a prominent role in the control of gonadal functions. Therefore, their use in the treatment of fertility disorders (e. g. anovulatory anestrus) as well as in biotechnology (e. g. superovulation, hormone programs for cycle synchronization) is of substantial interest. Preparations of FSH or LH are relatively expensive due to the laborious extraction from pituitary tissue and are therefore reserved for special indications. In primates and equids, the chorionic epithelium expresses an LH-like molecule (chorionic gonadotrophin, CG). Equine CG (eCG) selectively binds to LH receptors in equids. In all other domestic mammalian species, equine CG (eCG) shows an extraordinarily high FSH activity in addition to its LH activity ("dual activity"). Since its market launch, this has therefore gained considerable importance as a comparatively inexpensive FSH analogue, mainly for use in ruminants and pigs. In contrast to the human CG (hCG), which may be isolated non-invasively from the urine of pregnant women and is widely used as LH analogue, eCG must be extracted from the blood of pregnant donor mares, as eCG concentrations in urine are only minimal. Following reports of deaths and suffering of donor mares associated with eCG collection in South American settings, the current practice of eCG production has given rise to increasing public criticism. This has recently led to calls for a general production ban. Primary aim of this review is therefore to summarize the current state of knowledge concerning the properties and biology of this molecule, which is also highly interesting from the point of view of basic science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Schuler
- Klinik für Geburtshilfe, Gynäkologie und Andrologie der Groß- und Kleintiere mit Tierärztlicher Ambulanz, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
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Deguettes Q, Fattal E, Moreau M, Lego E, Bochot A. Controlled delivery of follicle-stimulating hormone in cattle. Int J Pharm 2020; 590:119904. [PMID: 33010398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Embryo transfer in cattle is a key issue requiring in vivo production of several mature follicles as opposed to the normal production of only one. In vivo produced embryos can then be transferred to recipient cows for gestation to occur. To obtain a large number of transferable embryos, the superovulation step is crucial. To allow the growth of ovarian follicles, the most commonly used protocol consists of 2 intramuscular injections per day over 4 days of a saline solution of the follicle-stimulating hormone. To reduce workload, technical errors in the injected dose and animal stress, different strategies have been investigated to sustain the release of this hormone over 4 days in 1 or 2 injections. This review introduces the physicochemical properties of the follicle-stimulating hormone and discusses the limitations of marketed products and all the research that has been conducted to overcome these limitations. In particular, the field of subcutaneous administrations, the development of new formulations such as viscous solutions, implants and microspheres and the modification of the structure of the follicle-stimulating hormone are overviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Deguettes
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; Vétoquinol France, 70200 Lure, France
| | - Elias Fattal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | | | | | - Amélie Bochot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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Manuel Palomino J, Grand FX, Vigneault C, Blondin P, Sirard MA. Effects of follicular ablation and GnRH on synchronization of ovulation and conception rates in embryo recipient heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 221:106596. [PMID: 32942212 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were performed to determine effects of follicular ablation (FA) and GnRH treatment on conception rate and synchronization in timing of ovulation among Holstein heifers. In Experiment 1, heifers were randomly allocated to four groups: Control (n = 84): prostaglandin F2α (PGF) IM on Day 0; FA-5/GnRH (n = 43): FA 5 days before PGF and GnRH on Day 2; FA-4/GnRH (n = 48):FA 4 days before PGF and GnRH on Day 2; andFA-3/GnRH (n = 21): FA 3 days before PGF and GnRH on Day 2. Ultrasonography was performed to determine follicular size, ovulation occurrence, and size of CL. In Experiment 2, heifers were assigned to three groups: Control (n = 264), FA-5/GnRH, and FA-4/GnRH. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed at Days 30 and 60. In Experiment 1, size of largest follicle at time of PGF was less variable (P ≤ 0.05) in all FA groups compared to the Control group. With the FA-5/GnRH and FA-4/GnRH treatments, there were greater (P ≤ 0.05) proportions of timing of ovulation synchronization (86 % and 85 %, respectively) compared to the Control (61 %) and FA-3/GnRH (62 %) groups. In Experiment 2, conception rates did not differ among groups, however, there were more pregnancies per cow when timing-of-ovulation treatments were imposed. In conclusion, follicular ablation combined with GnRH treatment resulted in an increased proportion of heifers having synchronized ovulation and, therefore, number of recipient heifers available for embryo transfer. Additionally, there was no effect on conception rate when there was greater synchronization in timing of ovulation among heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Manuel Palomino
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Boviteq Inc., Saint Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
| | | | | | | | - Marc-André Sirard
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Fernandes CAC, Pereira GHS, Siqueira LGB, Neri HLDH, Viana JHM, Palhao MP, Teodoro RAS. Short communication: Does previous superovulation affect fertility in dairy heifers? J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:10862-10866. [PMID: 32921453 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential negative effects of superovulation on subsequent fertility of dairy heifers. Holstein heifers (n = 1,783), 312 to 387 d of age, and 273 to 307 kg of body weight (BW) from 2 commercial farms were enrolled. These animals were first selected to be donors (446) or nondonors (CON, n = 1,327) according to their genomic values. Nondonor heifers (CON) were artificially inseminated (AI) according to standard procedures of each farm after reaching 320 kg of BW. Donor heifers were superovulated using a fixed FSH dose (180 mg NIH-FSH-P1; Folltropin-V, Vetoquinol Brasil, Mairiporã, SP, Brazil) and embryos were collected following standard procedures. Heifers that produced fewer than 8 viable embryos after first superovulation (SOV1, n = 337) were no longer used as donors, whereas the remaining heifers (SOV2, n = 109) were superovulated a second time within an interval of 48 to 54 d. Donor heifers (SOV1 and SOV2) were AI once they reached 320 kg of BW, at least 15 d after the last embryo collection. Data on age at first AI, at conception, and at parturition, as well as the number of services per conception, were analyzed by ANOVA, using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) procedure. Binomial variables (pregnancy per AI, overall pregnancy rate, open heifers at 500 d age, and late pregnancy loss) were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. The heifers selected to undergo superovulation twice (SOV2) yielded more total (12.6 ± 5.3 vs. 6.8 ± 4.6; respectively) and viable embryos (8.5 ± 3.8 vs. 3.9 ± 2.8; respectively) than those superovulated only once (SOV1). Age at first AI, conception, and at parturition was greater in SOV2, but not in SOV1 compared with nondonor controls. In addition, pregnancy per first AI, overall pregnancy rate, services per conception, open heifers at 500 d of age, and occurrence of pregnancy losses after 60 d of gestation were similar among CON, SOV1, and SOV2 heifers. In summary, a single superovulation performed before heifers reach a minimum weight for breeding did not affect age at conception, calving or other indicators of reproductive efficiency. On the other hand, heifers superovulated twice were first inseminated at a later age than their birth cohorts, but had similar reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A C Fernandes
- Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, MG, Brazil 37130-000; Biotran Biotecnologia, Alfenas, MG, Brazil 37130-000.
| | - G H S Pereira
- Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, MG, Brazil 37130-000
| | - L G B Siqueira
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil 36038-330
| | - H L D H Neri
- Biotran Biotecnologia, Alfenas, MG, Brazil 37130-000
| | - J H M Viana
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil 70770-917
| | - M P Palhao
- Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, MG, Brazil 37130-000
| | - R A S Teodoro
- Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, MG, Brazil 37130-000
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Effect of estrus expression or treatment with GnRH on pregnancies per embryo transfer and pregnancy losses in beef recipients synchronized with estradiol/progesterone-based protocols. Theriogenology 2020; 157:378-387. [PMID: 32866844 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were designed to determine the effect of expression of estrus or GnRH treatment on pregnancies per embryo transfer (P/ET) and pregnancy losses in beef recipients that were synchronized with estradiol/progesterone based protocols for fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET). Experiment 1 evaluated the effect of expression of estrus and GnRH treatment in the absence of estrus on P/ET. Beef cows (n = 729) were treated with 2 mg estradiol benzoate (EB) and an intravaginal device containing 0.5 g of progesterone. Devices were removed 8 d later and all cows received prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), 400 IU eCG, and 0.5 mg estradiol cypionate (ECP) at that time. Expression of estrus was determined at 48 and 56 h after device removal using tail-paint and cows that did not show positive signs of estrus by 48 h received GnRH or no treatment at random. The overall estrus rate was 76.0% (554/729); 68.0% had positive signs of estrus by 48 h after progesterone device removal and 28.0% of those not in estrus by 48 h showed estrus by 56 h. The proportion of recipients receiving in vivo-derived (IVD) or in vitro-produced (IVP) embryos and P/ET were greater in recipients that showed estrus by 48 and 56 h (94.0% and 48.4%, respectively) than in those that did not show estrus 41.0% and 29.0%, respectively; P < 0.01). However, GnRH treatment of recipients not showing estrus by 48 h did not improve P/ET. Experiment 2 evaluated the effect of expression of estrus on P/ET and pregnancy loses up to parturition in recipients synchronized with two estradiol-based protocols. Beef cows (n = 403) were divided at random to receive the same synchronization protocol as in Experiment 1 (ECP) or a J-Synch protocol (device removal on day 6 and without using estradiol cypionate to induce ovulation). In this experiment, pregnancy was determined at 30 and 60 d by ultrasonography, and all pregnant recipients were followed until parturition to determine pregnancy losses during gestation. Although the number of recipients receiving IVP embryos was greater in the ECP group (90.5% vs. 83.5%; P = 0.03), P/ET did not differ (ECP: 37.0% and J-Synch: 39.0%; P = 0.43). Overall, 88.0% (357/407) of the recipients synchronized showed estrus and a greater P/ET (P = 0.05) was found in the recipients that showed estrus (39.0%) vs. those that did not show estrus (26.0%), regardless of treatment group. Pregnancy losses were lower (P = 0.004) and the calving rate was higher (P = 0.01) in recipients that showed estrus (25.0% and 29.3%, respectively) than in those that did not (88.8% and 2.9%, respectively). In summary, expression of estrus was associated with a greater P/ET in recipients treated with two different estradiol/P4-based synchronization protocols. The expression of estrus was associated with a greater proportion of recipients receiving embryos, P/ET and calving rate. Treatment with GnRH did not improve P/ET in the recipients that did not show estrus, questioning the its use in recipients synchronized with estradiol/progesterone based FTET protocols.
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Jaton C, Schenkel FS, Chud TCS, Malchiodi F, Sargolzaei M, Price CA, Canovàs A, Baes C, Miglior F. Genetic and genomic analyses of embryo production in dairy cattle. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 32:50-55. [PMID: 32188557 DOI: 10.1071/rd19275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Canadian dairy industry has been using invivo and invitro assisted reproductive technologies to produce embryos. Technological improvements have helped increase the number and quality of embryos produced, but genetic and genomic tools for improving these traits have yet to be assessed for the Canadian Holstein population. Genetic parameters and a genome-wide association study were performed in Canadian Holstein for the total number of embryos (NE) and the number of viable embryos (VE). Results showed potential for genetic selection for both NE and VE, with heritability estimates (± s.e.) of approximately 0.15±0.01. Genetic correlations between the number of embryos produced using different procedures (invivo and invitro) suggested that a similar number of embryos should be expected from a donor regardless of the procedure used. A region on chromosome 11 of the bovine genome was found to be significantly associated with the number of embryos, indicating a potential regulatory role of this region on embryo production. Overall, these findings are of interest for the Canadian dairy industry because they provide useful information for breeders that are interested in producing embryos from the elite donors in their herds or in the population using assisted reproductive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jaton
- The Semex Alliance, 5653 ON-6, Guelph, ON N1G 3Z2, Canada
| | - F S Schenkel
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock (CGIL), University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - T C S Chud
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock (CGIL), University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - F Malchiodi
- The Semex Alliance, 5653 ON-6, Guelph, ON N1G 3Z2, Canada
| | - M Sargolzaei
- Select Sires Inc., 11740 US-42, Plain City, OH 43064, USA
| | - C A Price
- Université de Montréal, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, 3200 Rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - A Canovàs
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock (CGIL), University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - C Baes
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock (CGIL), University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - F Miglior
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock (CGIL), University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; and Ontario Genomics, 661 University Ave, Suite 490, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; and Corresponding author.
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Mikkola M, Hasler JF, Taponen J. Factors affecting embryo production in superovulated Bos taurus cattle. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 32:104-124. [PMID: 32188562 DOI: 10.1071/rd19279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a long history of bovine superovulation research, significant commercial applications did not start until the early 1970s. For some 20 years thereafter, superovulation represented the primary tool for the production of cattle embryos. In the early 1990s, commercial invitro production (IVP) was initiated in cattle. Although ovum pick-up and IVP are now commercially practiced on a wide scale, superovulation and embryo recovery by flushing remain a widespread and very effective approach to the production of cattle embryos. This review covers both the history and the effects of multiple factors on superovulation in Bos taurus cattle. There are three general protocols for suitable pre-FSH programming of donors so that gonadotrophin-responsive follicles are available. Superovulation protocols vary widely based on the FSH source, the diluent used, the number and timing of FSH injections and the timing and utilisation of various prostaglandins, controlled internal progesterone releasing devices, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, and other means of controlling follicular development and ovulation. The number of oocytes that can be stimulated to grow and ovulate within any given donor can be estimated by either ultrasound-guided sonography or by measuring concentrations of anti-Müllerian hormone in the blood. Animal-related factors that can influence the efficacy of superovulation include cattle breed, age, parity, genetics, lactational status and reproductive history. In addition, nutrition, stress, season, climate, weather and several semen factors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mikkola
- Geno SA, Store Ree AI Station, Ekebergveien 54, 2335 Stange, Norway; and University of Helsinki, Department of Production Animal Medicine, FIN-04920 Saarentaus, Finland; and Corresponding author.
| | - J F Hasler
- Vetoquinol USA, 4250N Sylvania Avenue, Fort Worth, TX 76137, USA
| | - J Taponen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Production Animal Medicine, FIN-04920 Saarentaus, Finland
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Facioli FL, De Marchi F, Marques MG, Michelon PRP, Zanella EL, Caires KC, Reeves JJ, Zanella R. The Outcome and Economic Viability of Embryo Production Using IVF and SOV Techniques in the Wagyu Breed of Cattle. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7020058. [PMID: 32369966 PMCID: PMC7355500 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Japanese black cattle breed (Wagyu) has an improved metabolism, which allows them to have a higher marbling score when compared with other cattle breeds. However, this may affect other aspects of the animal’s physiology, including hormone secretion and their reproductive success, such as their response to synchronization protocols and embryo production. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to test a superovulation protocol (SOV) developed with low doses of FSH and to evaluate the outcome and economic viability of embryo production using the SOV and in vitro fertilization (IVF) approaches in the Wagyu cattle breed. For that, ten Wagyu cows were submitted to five SOVs over a period of 15 months using a standard protocol: CIDR + 3 mg estradiol benzoate (D0), 35 mg FSH (Folltropin®) a.m. and p.m. (D4), 35 mg Folltropin® a.m. and 20 mg p.m. (D5), 20 mg Folltropin® a.m. and 10 mg p.m. (D6), 10 mg Folltropin® and 0.5 mg cloprostenol, both a.m. and p.m., + CIDR removal (D7), 0.05 mg GnRH + insemination 12 and 24 h after (D8) and embryo collection + 0.5 mg of cloprostenol (D16). Thirty days after each SOV, a follicular aspiration was conducted to produce IVF embryos without any pre-synchronization using standard semen in the same group of animals. The average number of embryos produced was 7.63 ± 5.61 (SOV) and 4.52 ± 2.44 (IVF) (p = 0.303). There was no significant correlation between the number of embryos produced by the different techniques (SOV and IVF), indicating that cows that respond well to SOV did not respond well to IVF and vice versa (r = 0.379, p = 0.529). The total cost of each embryo produced by SOV was R$215.00 and R$410.00 for IVF. Therefore, cows that produce less than five embryos by SOV are not economically viable due their lack of response to FSH, and the use of IVF in those animals may be more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda L. Facioli
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil; (F.L.F.); (F.D.M.); (E.L.Z.)
| | - Flávia De Marchi
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil; (F.L.F.); (F.D.M.); (E.L.Z.)
- Programa de Mestrado em BioExperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana G. Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção e Sanidade Animal, Instituto Federal Catarinense, Concórdia, SC 89703-720, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, SC 89715-899, Brazil
| | | | - Eraldo L. Zanella
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil; (F.L.F.); (F.D.M.); (E.L.Z.)
- Programa de Mestrado em BioExperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Kyle C. Caires
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii, Manoa, HI 96822, USA;
| | | | - Ricardo Zanella
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil; (F.L.F.); (F.D.M.); (E.L.Z.)
- Programa de Mestrado em BioExperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Krause ART, Dias FCF, Adams GP, Mapletoft RJ, Singh J. Effect of dose and duration of FSH treatment on ovarian response in prepubertal calves. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 219:106471. [PMID: 32828418 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine relative effects of dose (200 or 350 mg) and duration (4 or 7 days) of superstimulatory treatment on the ovarian response in prepubertal calves. Calves with similar antral follicular counts at wave emergence (n = 24) were given eight doses of either 25 or 44 mg pFSH every 12 h for 4 days or 14 doses of either 14 or 25 mg pFSH for 7 days beginning at the time of follicular wave emergence and 12.5 mg of pLH im 12 h after the last FSH treatment. On Day 4 of pFSH treatment, calves given 14 mg had fewer follicles ≥3 mm than those given 25 mg (15.1 ± 1.9 and 27.9 ± 3.3, respectively; P = 0.04). At the end of treatment (24 h post-LH), number of follicles ≥9 mm was greater in calves of groups treated with 350 than 200 mg (13.5 ± 1.8 and 8.8 ± 1.3, respectively; P = 0.02) and calves of groups treated for 7 than 4 days (13.3 ± 1.8 and 9.0 ± 1.3, respectively; P = 0.03). The number of spontaneous ovulations was greater in calves of groups treated for 7 than 4 days as was the total number of ovulations (9.7 ± 0.9 and 6.9 ± 1.0, respectively; P ≤ 0.05). In summary, a dose of 25 mg of pFSH per treatment given twice daily for 7 days resulted in a greater ovarian response than other superstimulatory treatments in prepubertal calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita T Krause
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Fernanda C F Dias
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Gregg P Adams
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Reuben J Mapletoft
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Jaswant Singh
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
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Lazzari G, Colleoni S, Crotti G, Turini P, Fiorini G, Barandalla M, Landriscina L, Dolci G, Benedetti M, Duchi R, Galli C. Laboratory Production of Equine Embryos. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 89:103097. [PMID: 32563445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Assisted reproduction technologies (ART) are well developed in humans and cattle and are gaining momentum also in the equine industry because of the fact that the mare does not respond to superovulation but can donate large numbers of oocytes through ovum pick up (OPU). After collection, the oocytes can be fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using a variety of stallion semen samples, even of poor quality, and the resulting embryos can establish high pregnancy rates after cryopreservation and transfer. The discoveries that equine oocytes can be held at room temperature without loss of viability and that an increase in vitro maturation time can double the number of embryos produced are fueling the uptake of the OPU technique by several clinics that are shipping oocytes of their client's mares to specialized ICSI laboratories for embryo production and freezing. In this article, we present a retrospective analysis of 10 years of work at Avantea with a special focus on the last 3 years. Based on our data, an average production of 1.7 to 2 embryos per OPU-ICSI procedure can be obtained from warmblood donor mares with a pregnancy rate of 70% and a foaling rate in excess of 50%. OPU-ICSI offers the added value of freezing embryos that allows the development of embryo commercialization worldwide to the benefit of top horse breeders who are endorsing this technology as never before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Lazzari
- Avantea, Cremona, Italy; Fondazione Avantea Onlus, Cremona, Italy; Equigea, Ocala, FL.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cesare Galli
- Avantea, Cremona, Italy; Fondazione Avantea Onlus, Cremona, Italy; Equigea, Ocala, FL
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Madureira AML, Burnett TA, Pohler KG, Guida TG, Sanches CP, Vasconcelos JLM, Cerri RLA. Short communication: Greater intensity of estrous expression is associated with improved embryo viability from superovulated Holstein heifers. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:5641-5646. [PMID: 32307164 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the association between estrous expression, measured using a breeding indicator and an automated activity monitor (AAM), and the success of embryo collection after superovulation. Holstein heifers (n = 51; 10.5 to 14.5 mo, and 325.0 ± 21.1 kg of body weight) were superovulated (n = 69 events) for the collection of embryos using a protocol based on sequential administration of FSH for follicle superstimulation and GnRH to induce ovulation. Artificial insemination (AI) was performed twice, once at the moment of GnRH administration and again 12 h later, using thawed, sexed semen. Ovaries were scanned via ultrasonography on the day of the first AI to count the total number of preovulatory follicles and 7 d later for the total number of corpora lutea present. Embryos were collected 7 d post-AI, counted, and assessed for viability. A breeding indicator (Estrotect, Rockway Inc., Spring Valley, WI) and a collar-mounted AAM (CowScout Activity Monitoring System, GEA, Dusseldorf, Germany) were used to measure standing mounts and an algorithmic estimate of estrous expression, respectively. A score for the breeding indicator was given as follows: score 1 = 100% of the indicator was intact; score 2 = 50% of the indicator was rubbed off; score 3 = greater than 50% of the indicator was rubbed off. Estrous expression detected by the AAM was quantified through the relative increase in physical activity and duration of time spent above a set threshold. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using the MIXED procedures of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). The number of follicles present at AI was not affected by estrous expression. The mean (± SD) ovulatory response was 67.5 ± 26.3%. We found an effect of estrous expression as detected by the breeding indicator on the ovulatory response (42.1 ± 8.0, vs. 78.2 ± 9.0, vs. 74.0 ± 4.9%, for scores 1, 2, and 3, respectively) but not from the AAM. Heifers that had a score of 3 (versus those with scores of 1 and 2) on the breeding indicator had a greater number of embryos (4.1 ± 0.5, vs. 1.2 ± 1.0, vs. 1.8 ± 1.0 embryos), and a greater percentage of these embryos were viable (43.1 ± 0.05, vs. 35.5 ± 0.1, vs. 34.3 ± 0.1%). Similarly, heifers that showed a greater intensity of activity (as measured by the AAM) had a greater number of embryos collected (10.2 ± 1.2 vs. 6.0 ± 1.3 embryos), and a greater percentage of those embryos were viable (53.1 ± 5.0 vs. 23.4 ± 5.1%). Longer-duration estrus episodes were associated with a higher percentage of viable embryos (51.2 ± 5.2 vs. 25.3 ± 5.3%). In conclusion, stronger estrous intensity was associated with a greater number of total embryos collected and a greater percentage of viable embryos. These results suggest that monitoring the intensity of estrus could be used to predict superovulatory response as well as embryo quality in Holstein heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M L Madureira
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - T A Burnett
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - K G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843
| | - T G Guida
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil 18168-000
| | - C P Sanches
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil 18168-000
| | - J L M Vasconcelos
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil 18168-000
| | - R L A Cerri
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4.
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Bó GA. Pursuit of a means of manipulating ovarian function in the cow: An adventure of serendipity, collaboration and friendship. Theriogenology 2020; 150:480-489. [PMID: 32192781 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A research career is not only built on ideas and publishable results; it is more often the product of determination, hard work, collegiality and collaboration. It is through our collaborators, family and friends that we really become better persons, and scientists. It is also a matter of being at the right place at the right time. My work in bovine reproduction has progressed from an interest in superovulation and embryo transfer before I became a veterinarian, to the development and application of this technology and fixed-time artificial insemination in beef and dairy herds. Everything that I have done has been possible because of the people that I have worked with over the years. This manuscript combines some of the very exciting things that I have learned about bovine reproduction over the last 30 years and personal stories behind the projects and ideas that we have pursued during that time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A Bó
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Zona Rural General Paz, X5145, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto A.P. de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, X5900, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Bó GA, Mapletoft RJ. Superstimulation of ovarian follicles in cattle: Gonadotropin treatment protocols and FSH profiles. Theriogenology 2020; 150:353-359. [PMID: 32088042 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of ovarian superstimulatory treatments in cattle is to obtain the maximum number of viable embryos by stimulating growth of antral follicles and ovulation of competent oocytes. While factors inherent to the donor animal are critical, an increased knowledge of ovarian physiology, gonadotropin biochemistry and the ability to manipulate ovarian function have provided alternatives for the design of simple and successful protocols for superovulation in cattle. Recent protocols have also been made more user-friendly and allowed for the grouping of donors for successful superovulation. Although the number of reports associating FSH profiles with superovulatory response is limited, studies designed to reduce the number of FSH treatments necessary to induce superstimulation may provide guidance for the development of optimized gonadotropin treatment protocols. Although high peak levels of circulating FSH following a single administration of Folltropin-V have been shown to be associated with a reduced superstimulatory response, the ideal treatment protocol would seem to be to increase circulating FSH levels to values comparable to those required for the induction of follicle wave emergence, and to maintain these levels for at least 72 h (or 36 h for superstimulation prior to ovum pick-up) to allow follicles to reach an ovulatory size and acquire the capacity to ovulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A Bó
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Zona Rural General Paz, 5145, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto A.P. de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Obispo Ferreyra 411, 5963, Villa Del Rosario, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Reuben J Mapletoft
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
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Improvement of Embryo Recovery in Holstein Cows Treated by Intra-Ovarian Platelet Rich Plasma before Superovulation. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7010016. [PMID: 32024142 PMCID: PMC7157693 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The current research was designed to evaluate if intra-ovarian administration of autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) before superovulation could increase the number of follicles responsive to gonadotropin treatment in order to improve embryo recovery in donor cows. Eight Holstein-Friesian cows of proven fertility were employed. After estrous synchronization, at the 18th day of diestrous, the right ovary of each cow was left untreated and served as control while the left ovary was inoculated with 5 mL of PRP. Cows were left to spontaneously return to estrous, and nine days later, a standard superovulation was initiated for every cow. Seven days after artificial insemination (AI), putative embryos were collected by flushing the right and left uterine horns separately. All statistics were calculated by ANOVA. The mean number of follicles, evaluated by transrectal ultrasound scanning, did not statistically differ before PRP treatment between right (control) and left (treated) ovaries (9.18 ± 1.35 and 7.32 ± 1.67, p = 0.28, respectively) as well as at 48 h after PRP injection (7.67 ± 2.52 and 8.00 ± 2.00, p = 0.73, respectively). A statistical (p = 0.023) difference was found in the average number of follicles at the last gonadotropin injection between control and treated ovaries (11.33 ± 2.89 and 20.00 ± 9.17, respectively). The statistically different (p = 0.0037) number of grade 1-2 blastocysts harvested from the uterine horn ipsilateral to control ovaries in comparison to that collected from the treated ones (6.63 ± 2.92 and 14.75 ± 5.92, respectively) suggests that intra-ovarian injection of PRP before superovulation could exert beneficial effects both in latent follicle growth and in vivo embryo production.
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48
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Alkan H, Karaşahin T, Dursun Ş, Satılmış F, Erdem H, Güler M. Evaluation of the factors that affect the pregnancy rates during embryo transfer in beef heifers. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:421-428. [PMID: 31916290 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the transfer side, transfer location, cervix transfer score, type and diameter of corpus luteum (CL) during embryo transfer on pregnancy rates in beef heifers. Progesterone-based synchronization and superovulation protocol were applied to Simmental cows used as donors (n = 168). Uterine flushings were performed on day 7 following artificial insemination. Obtained Code I (excellent or good) and II (fair) quality embryos were transferred to recipient beef heifers (n = 561). During embryo transfer, side of transfer (right or left), transfer location (the cranial or middle third of uterine horn), cervix transfer score (easy, moderate or difficult) and type (CLa, CLb and CLc) and diameter of CL were determined. Pregnancy rates following the transfer of Code I and II embryos were 44.66% and 33.07%, respectively (p < .05). The rates of pregnancy after transfers to the right and left uterine horn were 37% and 42.2%, respectively (p > .05). The pregnancy rates were 41.2%, 34.9% and 30.3% for cervix transfer scores as easy, moderate and difficult, respectively (p > .05). Pregnancy rates after transfer to the cranial third and middle third were 41.06% and 29.67%, respectively (p < .05). According to types of CL, pregnancy rates were 31.7%, 40.4% and 45.3% for CLa, CLb and CLc, respectively (p < .05). Moreover, it was found that as the CL diameter increased, the pregnancy rates increased. As a result, it was concluded that there was no effect of side of transfer and cervix transfer score, but embryo quality, transfer location, type and diameter of CL had significant effects on the pregnancy rate during embryo transfer in beef heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Alkan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Tahir Karaşahin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Dursun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Fatma Satılmış
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Erdem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Güler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Naranjo Chacón F, Montiel Palacios F, Canseco Sedano R, Ahuja-Aguirre C. Embryo production after superovulation of bovine donors with a reduced number of FSH applications and an increased eCG dose. Theriogenology 2020; 141:168-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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50
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Bó GA, Cedeño A, Mapletoft RJ. Strategies to increment in vivo and in vitro embryo production and transfer in cattle. Anim Reprod 2019; 16:411-422. [PMID: 32435285 PMCID: PMC7234104 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2019-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of follicular wave dynamics obtained through the use of real-time ultrasonography and the development of the means by which follicular wave dynamics can be controlled have provided practical approaches for the in vivo and in vitro production and transfer of embryos in cattle. The elective control of follicular wave emergence and ovulation has had a great impact on the application of on-farm embryo transfer, especially when large groups of donors need to be superstimulated at the same time. Although estradiol and progestins have been used for many years, practitioners in countries where estradiol cannot be used have turned to alternative treatments, such as mechanical follicle ablation or the administration of GnRH for the synchronization of follicle wave emergence. In vitro embryo production also benefits from the synchronization of follicle wave emergence prior to Cumulus Oocyte Complexes (COCs) recovery. As Bos indicus cattle have high antral follicle population, large numbers of oocytes can be obtained by ovum pick-up (OPU) without superstimulation. However, synchronization of follicular wave emergence and superstimulation is necessary to obtain high numbers of COCs by OPU and blastocysts following in vitro fertilization in Bos taurus donors. Finally, embryos can now be transferred in commercial beef or dairy herds using efficacious synchronization and re-synchronization protocols that are easily implemented by farm personnel. These technologies can also be used to resolve reproductive problems such as the reduced fertility observed during summer heat stress and/or in repeat-breeder cows in commercial dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A. Bó
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Zona Rural General Paz, (5145) Córdoba, Argentina.
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa del Rosario, Córdoba, Argentina.
- Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Agroalimentos, Universidad Nacional de Villa Maria, Villa del Rosario, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Andrés Cedeño
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Zona Rural General Paz, (5145) Córdoba, Argentina.
- Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Agroalimentos, Universidad Nacional de Villa Maria, Villa del Rosario, Córdoba, Argentina.
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologías de la Reproducción Animal, Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí (ESPAM), Calceta, Manabí, Ecuador.
| | - Reuben J. Mapletoft
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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