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Da Silva E, Martín-Cano FE, Gómez-Arrones V, Gaitskell-Phillips G, Alonso JM, Rey J, Becerro L, Gil MC, Peña FJ, Ortega-Ferrusola C. Bacterial endometritis-induced changes in the endometrial proteome in mares: Potential uterine biomarker for bacterial endometritis. Theriogenology 2024; 226:202-212. [PMID: 38909435 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Equine endometritis is one of the main causes of subfertility in the mare. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms involved in this condition and pinpointing proteins with biomarker potential could be crucial in both diagnosing and treating this condition. This study aimed to identify the endometritis-induced changes in the endometrial proteome in mares and to elucidate potential biological processes in which these proteins may be involved. Secondly, biomarkers related to bacterial endometritis (BE) in mares were identified. Uterine lavage fluid samples were collected from 28 mares (14 healthy: negative cytology and culture, and no clinical signs and 14 mares with endometritis: positive cytology and culture, in addition to clinical signs). Proteomic analysis was performed with a UHPLC-MS/MS system and bioinformatic analysis was carried out using Qlucore Omics Explorer. Gene Ontology enrichment and pathway analysis (PANTHER and KEGG) of the uterine proteome were performed to identify active biological pathways in enriched proteins from each group. Quantitative analysis revealed 38 proteins differentially abundant in endometritis mares when compared to healthy mares (fold changes >4.25, and q-value = 0.002). The proteins upregulated in the secretome of mares with BE were involved in biological processes related to the generation of energy and REDOX regulation and to the defense response to bacterium. A total of 24 biomarkers for BE were identified using the biomarker workbench algorithm. Some of the proteins identified were related to the innate immune system such as isoforms of histones H2A and H2B involvement in neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, complement C3a, or gelsolin and profilin, two actin-binding proteins which are essential for dynamic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton during cell migration. The other group of biomarkers were three known antimicrobial peptides (lysosome, equine cathelicidin 2 and myeloperoxidase (MPO)) and two uncharacterized proteins with a high homology with cathelicidin families. Findings in this study provide the first evidence that innate immune cells in the equine endometrium undergo reprogramming of metabolic pathways similar to the Warburg effect during activation. In addition, biomarkers of BE in uterine fluid of mares including the new proteins identified, as well as other antimicrobial peptides already known, offer future lines of research for alternative treatments to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Da Silva
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - F E Martín-Cano
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - V Gómez-Arrones
- CENSYRA, Centro de Selección y Reproducción Animal de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - G Gaitskell-Phillips
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - J M Alonso
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - J Rey
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - L Becerro
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - M C Gil
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - F J Peña
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - C Ortega-Ferrusola
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
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Li J, Zhao Y, Mi J, Yi Z, Holyoak GR, Wu R, Wang Z, Zhu Y, Zeng S. Comparative Proteome Analysis of Serum Uncovers Differential Expression of Proteins in Donkeys (Equus Asinus) With Endometritis Caused by Escherichia Coli. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 122:104221. [PMID: 36623579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endometritis is a common disease in donkeys that causes economic losses to donkey farms and the common cause is bacterial infection. Uterine flush fluid proteomics has been used to study protein biomarkers associated with endometritis in mares. As a convenient diagnostic tool, serum proteomics has not been studied yet in equine species with endometritis. This study is aiming to evaluate the serum proteomics in jennies with and without endometritis and identify potential proteins as biomarker for endometritis diagnosis. Nine donkeys recruited into this study were diagnosed of bacterial (Escherichia coli) endometritis and nine healthy jennies were selected as control. Blood samples of each donkey was collected, and serum was separated from each sample. Peptides samples extracted from the serum were analyzed using nano-ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in data-independent acquisition mode. Protein identification and quantification were performed followed by differential and functional analysis. Of 579 proteins identified in all jennies, 12 proteins were exclusively identified in jennies with endometritis (group E) including myeloperoxidase and Ras-related protein Rab-1B, which might be associated with bacterial infection. There were 11 differentially expressed proteins detected between the two groups of jennies with 4 downregulated proteins and 7 upregulated proteins in jennies with endometritis. Some upregulated proteins along with the GO and KEGG annotation indicated inflammatory response against uterine infection. Characteristic serum proteins identified in jennies with endometritis were associated with inflammation or bacterial infection. These proteins might be potential biomarkers for endometritis diagnosis in jennies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Equine Clinical Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Zhao
- Equine Clinical Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junpeng Mi
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ziwen Yi
- Equine Clinical Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gibert Reed Holyoak
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Rongzheng Wu
- Equine Clinical Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Equine Clinical Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenming Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Parrilla Hernández S, Franck T, Munaut C, Feyereisen É, Piret J, Farnir F, Reigner F, Barrière P, Deleuze S. Characterization of Myeloperoxidase in the Healthy Equine Endometrium. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030375. [PMID: 36766264 PMCID: PMC9913682 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO), as a marker of neutrophil activation, has been associated with equine endometritis. However, in absence of inflammation, MPO is constantly detected in the uterine lumen of estrous mares. The aim of this study was to characterize MPO in the uterus of mares under physiological conditions as a first step to better understand the role of this enzyme in equine reproduction. Total and active MPO concentrations were determined, by ELISA and SIEFED assay, respectively, in low-volume lavages from mares in estrus (n = 26), diestrus (n = 18) and anestrus (n = 8) in absence of endometritis. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 21 endometrial biopsies randomly selected: estrus (n = 11), diestrus (n = 6) and anestrus (n = 4). MPO, although mostly enzymatically inactive, was present in highly variable concentrations in uterine lavages in all studied phases, with elevated concentrations in estrus and anestrus, while in diestrus, concentrations were much lower. Intracytoplasmic immunoexpression of MPO was detected in the endometrial epithelial cells, neutrophils and glandular secretions. Maximal expression was observed during estrus in mid and basal glands with a predominant intracytoplasmic apical reinforcement. In diestrus, immunopositive glands were sporadic. In anestrus, only the luminal epithelium showed residual MPO immunostaining. These results confirm a constant presence of MPO in the uterine lumen of mares in absence of inflammation, probably as part of the uterine mucosal immune system, and suggest that endometrial cells are a source of uterine MPO under physiological cyclic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Parrilla Hernández
- Physiology of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Thierry Franck
- Center for Oxygen Research and development (CORD), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Carine Munaut
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Émilie Feyereisen
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Joëlle Piret
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Farnir
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Applied to Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | - Stéfan Deleuze
- Physiology of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Equine and Companion Animal Reproduction, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Serological and Uterine Biomarkers for Detecting Endometritis in Mares. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020253. [PMID: 36670793 PMCID: PMC9854937 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological analysis may provide relevant information on endometritis diagnostics. Therefore, mares scheduled for AI with refrigerated semen, at the time of heat signs, underwent blood and uterine fluid samplings using a swab, uterine lavage for culture analysis, and treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin to induce ovulation. After 24-28 h, the mares were inseminated and, if positive at the culture test, treated with antibiotics chosen based on the susceptibility test. Uterine cells obtained by swabs were used for cytological examination with both classical and fluorescence techniques. Blood serum and uterine fluid samples were analyzed for assessing parameters related to redox balance, inflammation, and protease regulator potential. In blood serum, total antioxidant capacity, measured as the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), was significantly lower in cytologically endometritis-positive than -negative mares. In the uterine fluid, total thiol levels (TTL), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), protease activity and total protein content varied significantly between groups. Although the cytological examination was more capable of discriminating between endometritis-positive and -negative mares in relation to the parameters examined, no statistically significant differences emerged in terms of pregnancy rate in relation to cytological and culture diagnosis as well as in mares diagnosed as positive and negative for endometritis.
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Rebordão MR, Amaral A, Fernandes C, Silva E, Lukasik K, Szóstek-Mioduchowska A, Pinto-Bravo P, Galvão A, Skarzynski DJ, Ferreira-Dias G. Enzymes Present in Neutrophil Extracellular Traps May Stimulate the Fibrogenic PGF 2α Pathway in the Mare Endometrium. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092615. [PMID: 34573581 PMCID: PMC8469524 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Endometrosis is a fibrotic disease in mare endometrium whose pathological mechanisms remain obscure. Prostaglandin (PG)F2α, despite modulating reproductive physiological processes, may also provoke local pathological collagen deposition (fibrogenesis). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released during inflammation have been linked to fibrogenesis in several tissues. We have previously shown that enzymes found in NETs increase in vitro collagen production in mare endometrium. In this study, activation of PGF2α-pathway in equine endometrial explants challenged in vitro by enzymes found in NETs is shown. Our results indicate that both endocrine microenvironment (estrous cycle phase) and healthy or pathological conditions of endometrial tissues play an important role in PGF2α-pathway activation. In the endometrium of the follicular phase, we have observed both high production of PGF2α and/or PGF2α receptor gene transcription under the action of enzymes found in NETs, both conditions associated with fibrogenesis in other tissues. Nevertheless, transcription of the PGF2α receptor gene does not appear to be hormone-dependent, albeit their levels seem to be dependent on endometrial category in the mid-luteal phase. This study suggests that enzymes existing in NETs may instigate changes on PGF2α mediators, which may become an additional mechanism of fibrogenesis in mare endometrium. Abstract Endometrosis, a fibrotic disease of mare endometrium, impairs uterine function. Prostaglandins (PG), despite modulating reproductive physiological functions, may also cause local pathological collagen deposition (fibrogenesis). We have previously shown that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) may also favor mare endometrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of enzymes present in NETs on PGF2α-pathway activation. Kenney and Doig’s type I/IIA and IIB/III mare endometria, from follicular phase (FLP) and mid-luteal (MLP) phase, were cultured in vitro in the presence of NETs enzymes (elastase, cathepsin-G or myeloperoxidase). Production of PGF2α (EIA) and transcription (qPCR) of its synthases (PTGS2, AKR1C3) and receptor (PTGFR) genes were evaluated. PGF2α and PTGFR were influenced by endometrial category and estrous cycle phase. In FLP endometrium, NETs enzymes induced both high PGF2α production and/or PTGFR transcription. In MLP type I/IIA tissues, down-regulation of PTGFR transcripts occurred. However, in MLP type IIB/III endometrium, high levels of PTGFR transcripts were induced by NETs enzymes. As PGF2α-pathway activation facilitates fibrogenesis in other tissues, PGF2α may be involved in endometrosis pathogenesis. In the mare, the endocrine microenvironment of healthy and pathological endometrium might modulate the PGF2α pathway, as well as fibrosis outcome on endometrium challenged by NETs enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Rebordão
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.R.R.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (E.S.)
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, College of Agriculture, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Ana Amaral
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.R.R.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Carina Fernandes
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.R.R.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Elisabete Silva
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.R.R.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Karolina Lukasik
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of PAS, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.L.); (A.S.-M.); (A.G.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Anna Szóstek-Mioduchowska
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of PAS, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.L.); (A.S.-M.); (A.G.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Pedro Pinto-Bravo
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, College of Agriculture, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - António Galvão
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of PAS, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.L.); (A.S.-M.); (A.G.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Dariusz J. Skarzynski
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of PAS, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.L.); (A.S.-M.); (A.G.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Graça Ferreira-Dias
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.R.R.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-213-652-859
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Myeloperoxidase Inhibition Decreases the Expression of Collagen and Metallopeptidase in Mare Endometria under In Vitro Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010208. [PMID: 33467081 PMCID: PMC7830995 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils can originate neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a peroxidase found in NETs associated to equine endometrosis and can be inhibited by 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide (ABAH). Metallopeptidases (MMPs) participate in extracellular matrix stability and fibrosis development. The objectives of this in vitro work were to investigate, in explants of mare's endometrium, (i) the ABAH capacity to inhibit MPO-induced collagen type I (COL1) expression; and (ii) the action of MPO and ABAH on the expression and gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2/-9. Explants retrieved from the endometrium of mares in follicular or mid-luteal phases were treated with MPO, ABAH, or their combination, for 24 or 48 h. The qPCR analysis measured the transcription of COL1A2, MMP2, and MMP9. Western blot and zymography were performed to evaluate COL1 protein relative abundance and gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2/-9, respectively. Myeloperoxidase elevated COL1 relative protein abundance at both treatment times in follicular phase (p < 0.05). The capacity of ABAH to inhibit MPO-induced COL1 was detected in follicular phase at 48 h (p < 0.05). The gelatinolytic activity of activated MMP-2 augmented in mid-luteal phase at 24 h after MPO treatment, but it was reduced with MPO+ABAH treatment. The activity of MMP-9 active form augmented in MPO-treated explants. However, this effect was inhibited by ABAH in the follicular phase at 48 h (p < 0.05). By inhibiting the pro-fibrotic effects of MPO, it might be possible to reduce the development of endometrosis. Metallopeptidase-2 might be involved in an acute response to MPO in the mid-luteal phase, while MMP-9 might be implicated in a prolonged exposition to MPO in the follicular phase.
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Diel de Amorim M, Khan FA, Chenier TS, Scholtz EL, Hayes MA. Analysis of the uterine flush fluid proteome of healthy mares and mares with endometritis or fibrotic endometrial degeneration. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:572-581. [PMID: 31987068 DOI: 10.1071/rd19085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the differences in the uterine flush fluid proteome between healthy mares and mares with endometritis or fibrotic endometrial degeneration (FED). Uterine flush fluid samples were collected from healthy mares (n=8; oestrus n=5 and dioestrus n=3) and mares with endometritis (n=23; oestrus n=14 and dioestrus n=9) or FED (n=7; oestrus n=6 and dioestrus n=1). Proteomic analysis was performed using label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Of 216 proteins identified during oestrus, 127 were common to all three groups, one protein was exclusively detected in healthy mares, 47 proteins were exclusively detected in mares with endometritis and four proteins were exclusively detected in mares with FED. Of 188 proteins identified during dioestrus, 113 proteins were common between healthy mares and mares with endometritis, eight proteins were exclusively detected in healthy mares and 67 proteins were exclusively detected in mares with endometritis. Quantitative analysis revealed a subset of proteins differing in abundance between the three groups during oestrus and between healthy mares and mares with endometritis during dioestrus. These results provide a springboard for evaluation of specific proteins as biomarkers of uterine health and disease and for investigation of their roles in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Diel de Amorim
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada; and Present address: Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; and Corresponding authors. Emails: ;
| | - Firdous A Khan
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada; and Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, St. George's, Grenada; and Present address: Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, St. George's, Grenada; and Corresponding authors. Emails: ;
| | - Tracey S Chenier
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth L Scholtz
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - M Anthony Hayes
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
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Bovine Endometritis and the Inflammatory Peripheral Cholinergic System. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:1242-1256. [PMID: 31735979 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endometritis is an inflammation of the endometrium associated with bacterial infection. The pathogenesis of endometritis in cows is still not completely understood. The combined analysis of the markers of inflammation and oxidative stress has contributed to a better understanding of disease mechanisms, but is still unexplored in uterine disorders. Moreover, research provides evidence about an important role of the vagus nerve in regulating the innate immune function through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in response to bacterial infections. This new pathway has demonstrated a critical role in controlling the inflammatory system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of cholinesterase in total blood, lymphocytes, and serum of dairy cows with clinical and subclinical endometritis. Sixty-one Holstein cows, between 30 and 45 days in milk, were classified into 3 groups of animals: presenting clinical endometritis (n = 22), subclinical endometritis (n = 17), and healthy (n = 22). Mean leukocyte counts did not differ among groups, but the neutrophil number was significantly higher in cows with clinical endometritis than those in healthy animals. Also, serum concentration of interleukin-1beta (pg/mL) was significantly higher in cows with endometritis. The activity of acetylcholinesterase in blood and lymphocytes increased in both groups with endometritis. Animals with endometritis presented an increase in lipid peroxidation, but the antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase levels) was higher in endometritis groups than in normal cows. In conclusion, the inflammatory process of clinical and subclinical endometritis leads to systemic lipid peroxidation despite the compensatory increase of the antioxidant enzyme. These data also provide evidence of an important role of the cholinergic pathway in regulating dairy cows with clinical and subclinical endometritis.
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Rebordão MR, Amaral A, Lukasik K, Szóstek-Mioduchowska A, Pinto-Bravo P, Galvão A, Skarzynski DJ, Ferreira-Dias G. Impairment of the antifibrotic prostaglandin E 2 pathway may influence neutrophil extracellular traps-induced fibrosis in the mare endometrium. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2019; 67:1-10. [PMID: 30522057 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has contradictory effects in many organs. It may have proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, or anti-fibrotic roles, depending on the type of receptors to which it binds. By signaling through its receptors EP2 and EP4, PGE2 mediates anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic actions. In spite of chronic endometrial fibrosis (endometrosis) being a major cause of mare infertility, its pathogenesis is not fully understood. We have shown that contact of mare endometrium in vitro with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) proteases favors endometrial collagen type I production. Therefore, we investigated the involvement of the PGE2 pathway in collagen deposition in mare endometrium, challenged in vitro with proteases present in NETs. Mare endometria (Kenney and Doig categories I/IIA and IIB/III), obtained in the follicular phase (FLP) and mid-luteal phase (MLP), were incubated for 24 h with components found in NETs (elastase, cathepsin-G, and myeloperoxidase). Secretion of PGE2 and transcripts for specific PGE synthase (PGES) and PGE2 receptors (EP2 and EP4) were evaluated. Impaired PGE2 production and low EP2 transcript abundance depended on the endometrial category and estrous cycle phase. Impairment of PGE2 and/or EP2 might play a role in FLP (category IIB/III) and MLP (I/IIA) endometrial fibrogenesis because of the reduction in its antifibrotic capacity. In conclusion, priming of the endometrium with endogenous ovarian steroids might inhibit the antifibrotic PGE2 pathway either in healthy or pathologic tissues with collagen formation after NETs proteases action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Rebordão
- Department of Morphology and Function, CIISA- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Animal Sciences, Coimbra College of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Amaral
- Department of Morphology and Function, CIISA- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Karolina Lukasik
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of PAS, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Szóstek-Mioduchowska
- Department of Morphology and Function, CIISA- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pinto-Bravo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Coimbra College of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Galvão
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of PAS, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dariusz J Skarzynski
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of PAS, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Graça Ferreira-Dias
- Department of Morphology and Function, CIISA- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Rebordão MR, Amaral A, Lukasik K, Szóstek-Mioduchowska A, Pinto-Bravo P, Galvão A, Skarzynski DJ, Ferreira-Dias G. Constituents of neutrophil extracellular traps induce in vitro collagen formation in mare endometrium. Theriogenology 2018; 113:8-18. [PMID: 29452855 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are DNA complexes carrying nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, such as elastase (ELA), cathepsin-G (CAT) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Mare endometrosis is a chronic degenerative process characterized by excessive collagen in endometrium. While NETs fight bacteria that cause endometritis, they may trigger endometrial fibrogenesis. The aim was to evaluate the in vitro effect of some NETs components on mare endometrial fibrogenesis and determine its relationship with histopathology or estrous cycle. Endometrial explants were incubated with NETs components (ELA, CAT, MPO or oxytocin). Collagen type I (COL1) protein and type I and III (COL3) gene transcription were evaluated in follicular and mid-luteal phases endometria (Kenney and Doig type I/IIA and IIB/III). Increased COL1 occurred with all NETs proteins, although endometrial response to each NETs protease depended on estrous cycle and/or endometrial category. Since ELA enhanced COL1 production, NETs persistence might be linked to endometrosis. Estrous cycle influenced COL1 protein concentration and COL3 transcripts, suggesting that follicular phase may favor endometrial collagen production. However, luteal phase endometria with moderate or severe lesions may be also susceptible to fibrotic effects of NETs constituents. These data propose that NETs involvement in chronic endometritis in mares may act as putative endometrial fibrogenic mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Rebordão
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Coimbra College of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Amaral
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Karolina Lukasik
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of PAS, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Pedro Pinto-Bravo
- Coimbra College of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Galvão
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of PAS, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Graça Ferreira-Dias
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
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11
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Nazhat SA, Kitahara G, Kozuka N, Mido S, Sadawy M, Ali HES, Osawa T. Associations of periparturient plasma biochemical parameters, endometrial leukocyte esterase and myeloperoxidase, and bacterial detection with clinical and subclinical endometritis in postpartum dairy cows. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:302-310. [PMID: 29332864 PMCID: PMC5836768 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at demonstrating associations between peripheral biochemical
parameters, endometrial leukocyte esterase (LE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), and bacterial
detection with the degree of endometrial inflammation, and determining the best time
postpartum for diagnosing endometritis to predict subsequent fertility in dairy cows.
Plasma albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (T-cho), NEFA, and BHBA
concentrations were analyzed in 43 Holstein cows at 3, 5 and 7 weeks postpartum (W3, W5
and W7). Endometrial samples were collected at W3, W5 and W7 to examine LE and MPO
activities, bacterial detection rates, and PMN% profiles. The 43 cows were divided into
healthy (HE), subclinical endometritis (SE), and clinical endometritis (CE) groups,
classified differently at W3, W5 and W7 based on the definitions of SE and CE for each of
the three weeks pp. LE level had an association with PMN% in all weeks pp
(P<0.05). Albumin and BUN levels had weak negative associations with
endometrial PMN% at W3. Pathogenic bacterial detection rates were higher in the cows with
endometritis at W3 and W5. Conception rate at first artificial insemination tended to be
lower (P=0.057) in the cows diagnosed with endometritis at W3 than in the
healthy cows. In conclusion, associations were found between endometrial LE and
endometritis, but not for MPO and endometritis. Diagnosing endometritis in W3 may be the
best moment to predict subsequent fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Ahmad Nazhat
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.,Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Go Kitahara
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.,Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Kozuka
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Shogo Mido
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.,Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Mohammed Sadawy
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hossam El-Sheikh Ali
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Takeshi Osawa
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.,Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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