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Pinzón-Osorio CA, Machado MA, Camozzato JNB, Dos Santos Velho G, Dalto AGC, Rovani MT, de Oliveira FC, Bertolini M. Inter-software reliability and agreement for follicular and luteal morphometric and echotextural ultrasonographic parameters in beef cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 267:107518. [PMID: 38889613 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the inter-software and inter-observer reliability and agreement for the assessment of follicular and luteal morphometry and echotexture parameters in beef crossbreed females (3/8 Bos taurus indicus and 5/8 Bos taurus taurus). B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonographic ovarian images were obtained at specific time points of estradiol-progesterone-based protocols for timed artificial insemination (TAI). Sonograms were analyzed by two observers using a licensed (IASP1) and an open access (IASP2) software package. A total of 292 snap-shot sonograms were analyzed for morphometric parameters and 504 for echotexture parameters. inter-software reliability was judged moderate to excellent (ICC or CCC=0.73-0.98), whereas inter-observer reliability for morphometric parameters was deemed good to excellent (ICC or CCC=0.82-0.98). A small percentage (up to 10.95 %) of measured parameters fell outside the limits of inter-software and inter-observer agreement. For echotexture parameters, inter-software reliability varied widely (ICC or CCC=0.16-0.95) based on the size of regions of interest (ROI), while inter-observer reliability ranged from moderate to excellent (ICC or CCC= 0.71-0.97). The highest inter-software reliability for pixel value and heterogeneity value was observed for the corpus luteum (ICCs=0.81-0.95; P>0.05), followed by the peripheral follicular antrum (ICCs=0.75-0.78; P<0.05). However, lower reliability was determined for the follicular wall (ICCs=0.08-0.33; P<0.0001) and perifollicular stroma (ICCs=0.16-0.46; P<0.05). In conclusion, both software packages showed high reproducibility for morphometric measurements, while echotexture measurements were more challenging to replicate based on ROI sizes. Caution is advised when selecting ROI sizes for echotexture measurements in bovine ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Augusto Pinzón-Osorio
- Embryology and Reproductive Technology Lab, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Julia Nobre Blank Camozzato
- Embryology and Reproductive Technology Lab, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Research Group "Fisiopatologia e Biotécnicas da Reprodução Animal" (FiBRA), Large Ruminant Sector, Department of Animal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Dos Santos Velho
- Research Group "Fisiopatologia e Biotécnicas da Reprodução Animal" (FiBRA), Large Ruminant Sector, Department of Animal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - André Gustavo Cabrera Dalto
- Research Group "Fisiopatologia e Biotécnicas da Reprodução Animal" (FiBRA), Large Ruminant Sector, Department of Animal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Monique Tomazele Rovani
- Research Group "Fisiopatologia e Biotécnicas da Reprodução Animal" (FiBRA), Large Ruminant Sector, Department of Animal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Caetano de Oliveira
- Embryology and Reproductive Technology Lab, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Research Group "Fisiopatologia e Biotécnicas da Reprodução Animal" (FiBRA), Large Ruminant Sector, Department of Animal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bertolini
- Embryology and Reproductive Technology Lab, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Vincze B, Kátai L, Deák K, Nagy K, Cseh S, Kovács L. Pregnancy Rates of Holstein Friesian Cows with Cavitary or Compact Corpus Luteum. Vet Sci 2024; 11:246. [PMID: 38921993 PMCID: PMC11209027 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11060246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cavitary corpora lutea are commonly observed during the estrous cycle in bovines. Since the quality of the corpus luteum (CL) is extremely important during embryo transfer when embryos are implanted into the recipient, the ultrasonographic examination of the CL is becoming more and more important in terms of the outcome of the procedure. In the present study, a total of 2477 ultrasonographic transrectal diagnoses were performed, and data were collected between the years of 2018 and 2020 in a large-scale Holstein Friesian dairy farm in Hungary. In 91.1% (n = 2257) and in 8.9% (n = 220) of the cases, compact CLs and cavitary CLs, respectively, were diagnosed at pregnancy diagnosis. The presence of a cavitary CL on the ovary at pregnancy diagnosis increased the odds of remaining open after pregnancy by 21 times compared to the presence of a compact CL (OR = 21.0, p < 0.001) in the cows. The presence of cavitary CL was not influenced either by month or season. Ovarian cysts were detected in 196 cases (8.0%) in the examined animals. The presence of a cavitary CL decreased by 9 times when an ovarian cyst was also diagnosed (OR = 9.0, 1.6% vs. 9.5%, p < 0.001). The presence of an ovarian cyst decreased the odds of established pregnancy by 81 times (OR = 81.1, p < 0.001). Based on our results, the presence of a cavitary CL between days 31 and 42 after artificial insemination is associated with a smaller chance of conception in Holstein Friesian cows. The presence of an ovarian cyst decreases the occurrence of cavitary CL and the chance of conception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Vincze
- Embryo Transfer Station, Department of Obstetrics and Production Animal Medicine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (B.V.); (K.D.); (S.C.)
| | | | - Kamilla Deák
- Embryo Transfer Station, Department of Obstetrics and Production Animal Medicine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (B.V.); (K.D.); (S.C.)
| | - Krisztina Nagy
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly utca 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary;
| | - Sándor Cseh
- Embryo Transfer Station, Department of Obstetrics and Production Animal Medicine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (B.V.); (K.D.); (S.C.)
| | - Levente Kovács
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly utca 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary;
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Gui LS, Dai TS, Guo XR, Wei SH, Ma ZM, Yang D, Ding BL, Xiang H, Yu YT, Dan XG. Recent advances in early pregnancy loss diagnosis in dairy cows: New approaches. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14566. [PMID: 38627959 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Early pregnancy loss is a primary cause of low reproductive rates in dairy cows, posing severe economic losses to dairy farming. The accurate diagnosis of dairy cows with early pregnancy loss allows for oestrus synchronization, shortening day open, and increasing the overall conception rate of the herd. Several techniques are available for detecting early pregnancy loss in dairy cows, including rectal ultrasound, circulating blood progesterone, and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs). Yet, there is a need to improve on existing techniques and develop novel strategies to identify cows with early pregnancy loss accurately. This manuscript reviews the applications of rectal ultrasound, circulating blood progesterone concentration, and PAGs in the diagnosis of pregnancy loss in dairy cows. The manuscript also discusses the recent progress of new technologies, including colour Doppler ultrasound (CDUS), interferon tau-induced genes (ISGs), and exosomal miRNA in diagnosing pregnancy loss in dairy cows. This study will provide an option for producers to re-breed cows with pregnancy loss, thereby reducing the calving interval and economic costs. Meanwhile, this manuscript might also act as a reference for exploring more economical and precise diagnostic technologies for early pregnancy loss in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Sen Gui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Tian-Shu Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xing-Ru Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Shi-Hao Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Zi-Ming Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Di Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Bao-Long Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Hui Xiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yong-Tao Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xin-Gang Dan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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4
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Samir H, Swelum AA, Abdelnaby EA, El-Sherbiny HR. Incorporation of L-Carnitine in the OvSynch protocol enhances the morphometrical and hemodynamic parameters of the ovarian structures and uterus in ewes under summer climatic conditions. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:246. [PMID: 37996926 PMCID: PMC10668402 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress negatively impacts the reproductive performance of sheep including the efficiency of estrous synchronization regimens. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of L-Carnitine (LC) administration on the efficacy of the OvSynch protocol in ewes under summer climatic conditions. Ewes were synchronized for estrus using the OvSynch protocol and a dose of LC (20 mg/kg body weight) was intravenously (IV) administered on the same day of PGF2α injection to one group (n = 8; LC group), while other ewes (n = 8; control group) received the same protocol without LC. Ultrasonographic evaluation (including B-mode, color, and pulsed Doppler) was used to assess the morphometrical and hemodynamic parameters of ovarian structures [number, size, and blood flow of follicles (GFs) and corpora lutea (CLs)] and uterus during the estrous phase (Day 0), and on Day 8 post ovulation (luteal phase). Uterine artery blood flow (MUA) was assessed by measuring the resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) at both stages. The serum samples were collected to measure the concentrations of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) using commercial kits. Results revealed a significant (P<0.05) increase in the colored pixel area of GFs and uterus in the LC group (392.84 ± 31.86 and 712.50 ± 46.88, respectively) compared to the control one (226.25 ± 17.74 and 322 ± 18.78, respectively) during Day 0. Circulating E2 and TAC levels were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the LC-treated ewes (31.45 ± 1.53 pg/ml and 1.80 ± 0.13 mM/L, respectively) compared to those in the control ewes (21.20 ± 1.30 pg/ml and 0.98 ± 0.09 mM/L, respectively) during Day 0. Moreover, LC improved the colored pixel area of CLs (2038.14 ± 102.94 versus 1098 ± 82.39) and uterus (256.38 ± 39.28 versus 121.75 ± 11.36) and circulating P4 (2.99 ± 0.26 ng/ml versus1.67 ± 0.15 ng/ml) on Day 8. Values of RI of MUA were significantly lower in the LC group compared to the control one on Day 0 and Day 8 (0.48 ± 0.03 versus 0.72 ± 0.03 and 0.58 ± 0.03 versus 0.78 ± 0.02, respectively). In conclusion, LC incorporation in the OvSynch protocol enhanced the morphometrical and hemodynamic parameters of the ovarian structures and the uterus concomitantly with improvements in the TAC, E2, and P4 concentrations in ewes under hot summer conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haney Samir
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Elshymaa A Abdelnaby
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Hossam R El-Sherbiny
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
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Yáñez U, Barrio M, Fernández I, Becerra JJ, Herradón PG, Peña AI, Quintela LA. Assessment of Luteal Function Using Rectal Palpation, B-Mode Ultrasonography, and Progesterone Determination to Improve Recipient Selection in Embryo Transfer Programs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2865. [PMID: 37760265 PMCID: PMC10525574 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper selection of recipients determines the success of embryo transfer (ET) programs. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to assess the accuracy of rectal palpation (RP) in selecting recipients according to the size and firmness of their corpus luteum (CL) compared to ultrasonography (US) and progesterone determination (P4); to check if US or P4 provide additional information to RP with regard to selecting animals with higher odds of maintaining the pregnancy; and to verify the reliability of the presence of a cavity and the volume of the CL within the ovary (%CLOV) as predictors of the ET outcome. In Experiment 1, measurements for the largest and minor diameter (LADCL and MIDCL), CL area, and P4 at ET day were collected, as well as the RP score, in 94 heifers. In Experiment 2, measurements for the LADCL, MIDCL, CL volume, %CLOV, and presence of a cavity were collected, as well as data about the procedure and metabolic markers, in 108 heifers. No differences were found in Experiment 1, whereas in Experiment 2, just a tendency was observed for the variable of veterinarian. Consequently, these results suggest that RP and US are useful methods to select recipients with, that US and P4 do not offer additional data to use to select animals with higher odds of maintaining pregnancy, and that neither %CLOV nor cavitary CL were good indicators for pregnancy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uxía Yáñez
- Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (U.Y.); (J.J.B.); (P.G.H.); (A.I.P.)
| | - Mónica Barrio
- Xénese E.T.E., Barreiros, Sedes, 15596 Narón, Spain; (M.B.); (I.F.)
| | - Ismael Fernández
- Xénese E.T.E., Barreiros, Sedes, 15596 Narón, Spain; (M.B.); (I.F.)
| | - Juan J. Becerra
- Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (U.Y.); (J.J.B.); (P.G.H.); (A.I.P.)
| | - Pedro G. Herradón
- Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (U.Y.); (J.J.B.); (P.G.H.); (A.I.P.)
| | - Ana I. Peña
- Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (U.Y.); (J.J.B.); (P.G.H.); (A.I.P.)
| | - Luis A. Quintela
- Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Carballo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (U.Y.); (J.J.B.); (P.G.H.); (A.I.P.)
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6
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Dovolou E, Giannoulis T, Nanas I, Amiridis GS. Heat Stress: A Serious Disruptor of the Reproductive Physiology of Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1846. [PMID: 37889768 PMCID: PMC10252019 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Global warming is a significant threat to the sustainability and profitability of the dairy sector, not only in tropical or subtropical regions but also in temperate zones where extreme summer temperatures have become a new and challenging reality. Prolonged exposure of dairy cows to high temperatures compromises animal welfare, increases morbidity, and suppresses fertility, resulting in devastating economic losses for farmers. To counteract the deleterious effects of heat stress, cattl e employ various adaptive thermoregulatory mechanisms including molecular, endocrine, physiological, and behavioral responses. These adaptations involve the immediate secretion of heat shock proteins and cortisol, followed by a complex network of disrupted secretion of metabolic and reproductive hormones such as prolactin, ghrelin, ovarian steroid, and pituitary gonadotrophins. While the strategic heat stress mitigation measures can restore milk production through modifications of the microclimate and nutritional interventions, the summer fertility records remain at low levels compared to those of the thermoneutral periods of the year. This is because sustainment of high fertility is a multifaceted process that requires appropriate energy balance, undisrupted mode of various hormones secretion to sustain the maturation and fertilizing competence of the oocyte, the normal development of the early embryo and unhampered maternal-embryo crosstalk. In this review, we summarize the major molecular and endocrine responses to elevated temperatures in dairy cows, as well as the impacts on maturing oocytes and early embryos, and discuss the consequences that heat stress brings about in dairy cattle fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Dovolou
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 41223 Larissa, Greece;
- Department of Obstetrics & Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece;
| | - Themistoklis Giannoulis
- Laboratory of Genetics, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 41223 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Nanas
- Department of Obstetrics & Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece;
| | - Georgios S. Amiridis
- Department of Obstetrics & Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece;
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Pugliesi G, Guimarães da Silva A, Viana JHM, Siqueira LGB. Review: Current status of corpus luteum assessment by Doppler ultrasonography to diagnose non-pregnancy and select embryo recipients in cattle. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 1:100752. [PMID: 37567660 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of potentials uses of Doppler ultrasonography have been explored in the last decades, both as research tools in reproductive physiology investigations and for the reproductive management of farm animals. The objective of this review was to address some of the recent strategies developed in fixed-time reproductive programs and resynchronization of ovulation in cattle, based on the evaluation of corpus luteum function by color-Doppler ultrasound imaging. Recent studies in dairy and beef cattle pointed out to a high accuracy when Doppler ultrasonography is used to assess the functionality of the corpus luteum and identify non-pregnant females at 20-24 days after breeding. Therefore, super-early resynchronization programs starting in the second week after timed-artificial insemination or embryo transfer have been developed and are being implemented in commercial assisted reproduction programs; thus, anticipating conception with proven semen or genetically superior embryos. In addition, assessment of corpus luteum blood perfusion can be used for identifying high fertility embryo recipients in fixed-time embryo transfer programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Pugliesi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Guimarães da Silva
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
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Alforma AMP, Pereira GR, da Rocha MK, Teixeira ODS, de Oliveira MCM, Lima JA, Cumbe TA, Barcellos JOJ. Influence of weaning management at 30, 75 and 180 days of age on non-esterified fatty acids and reproductive performance in beef cows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:407-417. [PMID: 35616028 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of age at weaning of calves on non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and reproductive parameters of beef cows. Animals (n = 65) were randomly assigned to three treatments after calving: hyper-early weaning (W30) at 32 ± 0.89 days, early weaning (W75) at 77 ± 0.95 days, and conventional weaning (W180) at 183 ± 0.82 days. Body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) were evaluated at parturition (AP) and at 30, 45, 64, 81, 100 and 115 days postpartum (dPP). Blood samples were collected to analyze NEFA levels and progesterone (P4) at 30, 45, 64 and 81 dPP. Higher BW and BCS were observed from 64 to 115 dPP in W30 cows than W180 ones (p < 0.05). Cows subjected to W30 condition had higher levels of NEFA at 30 dPP compared to 64 and 81 dPP (p < 0.05). We also observed that cows from W180 group showed decreased levels of NEFA at 30 dPP compared to 45 (p < 0.01) and 64 dPP (p < 0.05). The highest P4 level was observed at 64 dPP in W30 cows compared to W75 and W180 (p < 0.05). We also observed higher CR of W30 (86%) compared to W180 (47%) at 45 dPP (p < 0.05). The overall pregnancy rate (PR) was higher for W30 (95.5%) than W180 (73.9%). In addition, higher BW at calving and P4 levels at 30 dPP were positively correlated with the possibility of pregnancy (p < 0.05). Improvement in BW and BCS were observed in cows subjected to hyper-early weaning management. However, levels of NEFA decreased as the postpartum period progressed. We concluded that cows who weaned calves hyper-early have greater chances of increasing cyclicity and PRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antónia Mendes Paizano Alforma
- Departamento de Zootecnia, PPG Zootecnia, Núcleo de Estudos em Sistemas de Produção (NESPro), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil.,Estação Zootécnica de Angónia (EZA), Centro Regional da Zona Centro, Instituto de Investigação Agrária de Moçambique (IIAM), Ulónguè, Tete, Moçambique
| | - Gabriel Ribas Pereira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, PPG Zootecnia, Núcleo de Estudos em Sistemas de Produção (NESPro), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Marcela Kuczynski da Rocha
- Departamento de Zootecnia, PPG Zootecnia, Núcleo de Estudos em Sistemas de Produção (NESPro), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Odilene de Souza Teixeira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, PPG Zootecnia, Núcleo de Estudos em Sistemas de Produção (NESPro), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Maria Carolina Muniz de Oliveira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, PPG Zootecnia, Núcleo de Estudos em Sistemas de Produção (NESPro), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Júlia Abud Lima
- Departamento de Zootecnia, PPG Zootecnia, Núcleo de Estudos em Sistemas de Produção (NESPro), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Télis Adolfo Cumbe
- Departamento de Zootecnia, PPG Zootecnia, Núcleo de Estudos em Sistemas de Produção (NESPro), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil.,Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Zambeze, Ulónguè, Tete, Moçambique
| | - Júlio Otávio Jardim Barcellos
- Departamento de Zootecnia, PPG Zootecnia, Núcleo de Estudos em Sistemas de Produção (NESPro), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
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Bevilaqua JR, Rodriguez MGK, Maciel GS, Vergani GB, da Fonseca JF, Bartlewski PM, Oliveira MEF. Luteal Function, Biometrics, and Echotextural Attributes in Santa Inês Ewes Superovulated with Different Total Doses of Porcine Follicle-Stimulating Hormone. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050873. [PMID: 36899731 PMCID: PMC10000133 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature regression of corpora lutea (PRCL) may adversely affect the outcome of hormonal ovarian superstimulation in small ruminants, and the total dose of exogenous gonadotropins used may be one of the causes of this condition. There were two major objectives of the present study: (1) to evaluate the effects of different superovulatory doses of porcine follicle-stimulating hormone (pFSH) on the biometry, blood perfusion (Doppler), and echotextural characteristics of luteal structures; and, (2) to determine the usefulness of biometric, vascular, and echotextural luteal variables, as well as measurements of circulating progesterone (P4) concentrations for early detection of PRCL in superovulated Santa Inês ewes. Twenty-seven Santa Inês ewes received an intravaginal P4-releasing device (CIDR) from Days 0 to 8 (Day 0 = random day of the anovulatory period). An IM injection of d-cloprostenol (37.5 μg) was given at the time of the CIDR insertion and withdrawal. On Day 6, all the ewes received 300 IU of eCG IM and were divided into three treatment groups (each n = 9): G100 (100 mg); G133 (133 mg); and G200 (200 mg of pFSH) administered IM every 12 h in eight injections. Transrectal ovarian ultrasonography and jugular blood sampling for serum P4 measurements were performed on Days 11 to 15. On the day of embryo recovery (Day 15), all the ewes underwent diagnostic videolaparoscopy and were classified, based on their luteal characteristics, into three response groups: nCL (ewes with normal CL only); rCL (ewes with regressing CL only); and ewes with both nCL and rCL following the superovulatory regimen. Our present results indicate that the total pFSH doses of 100 mg and 200 mg result in similar ovulatory responses and luteal function/biometrics, although the percentage of donor ewes with nCL was greater (p < 0.05) for G100 compared with the G200 animals. An application of 133 mg of pFSH was associated with diminished luteogenesis. Lastly, circulating P4 concentrations, ultrasonographic estimates of total luteal area, and CL pixel heterogeneity (standard deviation of numerical pixel values) are promising markers of luteal inadequacy in superovulated ewes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Ribeiro Bevilaqua
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Garcia Kako Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Serpa Maciel
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Brun Vergani
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Pawel Mieczyslaw Bartlewski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Maria Emilia Franco Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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10
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Sharawy HA, Hegab AO, Risha EF, El-Adl M, Soliman WT, Gohar MA, Fahmy RA, Farag VM, Imakawa K, Bazer FW, James D, Zaghloul A, Abdalla AA, Rabie MM, Elmetwally MA. The vaginal and uterine blood flow changes during the ovsynch program and its impact on the pregnancy rates in Holstein dairy cows. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:350. [PMID: 36115990 PMCID: PMC9482311 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim
OvSynch is a hormonal protocol for synchronization of estrus and use of artificial insemination (AI) at an optimal time without adverse effects on the ovaries or uterus. This study investigated the use of noninvasive color Doppler ultrasound to assess changes in uterine and vaginal blood flow during the Ovsynch program for synchronization of estrus and its relation to the pregnancy rates in Holstein cows. Materials and methods The experimental cows received an intramuscular dose of 10 μg of a GnRH analogue (G1), followed 7 days later with an intramuscular injection of synthetic prostaglandin F2α (P: PGF2α) analogue (500 μg cloprostenol sodium), and given a 10 μg, injection of the GnRH analogue (G2) i.m. 48 h after the PGF2α treatment, and the cows were bred 14-16 h after. Uterine and vaginal perfusion were investigated by performing transrectal Doppler ultrasonography of both the uterine and vaginal arteries in Holstein cows at different time points during the Ovsynch program to determine: peak systolic velocity (PSV), time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMV), the volume of blood flow (BFV), pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), resistance impedance (S/D) and diameters of uterine (UA) and vaginal (VA) arteries. Steroid hormones were also assayed. Transrectal ultrasonography (TUS) was performed at 32 and 60 days to confirm the pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI). Results The uterine PSV, TAMV, and PV were greater at the time of the cloprostenol sodium and second GnRH injections (p<0.05) than at the time of the first GnRH injection. The vaginal PSV, PV were greater at the time of the cloprostenol sodium than at the time of the first and second GnRH injections (p<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) indicated a high correlation between the uterine and vaginal blood flow and the rate of the pregnancy (p<0.05). The area under the ROC curve was 0.920 and 0.87 (p<0.05) for vaginal and uterine arteries respectively at time of G2. The serum levels of progesterone, estrogen and cortisol were correlated with the P/AI (p<0.05). The P/AI significantly decreased from 43.9 % at 32 d to 35.37 % at 60 d. Conclusion These results indicate that noninvasive Doppler ultrasonography is a valid method to evaluate changes in the characteristics of uterine and vaginal blood flow in cows during the Ovsynch protocol. Furthermore, vaginal and uterine blood flow are two determinant factors for the higher conception rates in Holstein dairy cows.
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11
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Can Demi̇r M, Kaçar C, Polat B. Evaluation of the relationship between placentome perfusion, echotexture, and endocrine changes in cows at the end of pregnancy. Theriogenology 2022; 194:83-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Study on Various Luteal Characteristics Using Doppler Ultrasonography for Early Pregnancy Diagnosis in Nili-Ravi Buffaloes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3896068. [PMID: 35978642 PMCID: PMC9377916 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3896068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of current study was to assess the trend in various luteal characteristics viz luteal size (LS), plasma progesterone (P4) concentration, and luteal blood flow (LBF) using color Doppler imaging (CDI) and power Doppler imaging (PDI) modes in pregnant and nonpregnant Nili-Ravi buffaloes. Lactating, cyclic, and healthy Nili-Ravi buffaloes (n = 09) without any reproductive abnormality were selected in present study. Buffaloes were synchronized using Ov-Synch, and fixed-time artificially insemination was performed (day = 0). Pregnancy was diagnosed on 30-day post-AI using B-mode ultrasonography based on presence or absence of embryonic heartbeat. Ovaries of all animals were scanned from day 5 till 21 post-AI using both B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography to measure LS and LBF. After each ovarian ultrasound examination, blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture to determine plasma P4 concentration. According to results, LBF using CDI and PDI was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) in pregnant buffaloes on days 13 and 15 post-AI, respectively. The mean LS and plasma P4 concentration did not differ (P ≥ 0.05) between pregnant and nonpregnant animals until day 15 post-AI. However, a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) was noticed for both on day 17 and onwards. It is concluded that LBF is a more sensitive luteal character as compared to LS and P4 for earlier pregnancy diagnosis in Nili-Ravi buffaloes when ascertained through CDI.
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13
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Fontes PLP, Oosthuizen N. Applied Use of Doppler Ultrasonography in Bovine Reproduction. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.912854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of Doppler ultrasonography to quantify blood vascularization in reproductive organs has increased over the past decade. Doppler technology has predominantly been explored in research settings to evaluate uterine blood flow and to assess follicular and luteal blood perfusion. Recent research has also explored the use of Doppler technology in applied reproductive management for both the beef and dairy industries and has focused on the use of luteal color Doppler ultrasonography to evaluate embryo transfer recipients and perform early pregnancy diagnosis. Although significant progress has been made and current literature indicates a strong potential for the applied use of Doppler ultrasonography to increase reproductive efficiency in the cattle industry, uptake of this technology is still currently limited. This review summarizes the recent developments in the applied use of color Doppler ultrasonography for reproductive management in both beef and dairy cattle herds.
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14
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Zabitler F, Aslan S, Darbaz I, Ergene O, Schäfer-Somi S. Computerized histogram analysis of the canine placenta during normal pregnancy. Theriogenology 2022; 182:96-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Economics of Rebreeding Nonpregnant Dairy Cows Diagnosed by Transrectal Ultrasonography on Day 25 after Artificial Insemination. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060761. [PMID: 35327157 PMCID: PMC8944808 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy rates of Holstein cows showed a substantial decline in the past years, which caused intensive TAI programs for nonpregnant cows to shorten the period between unsuccessful insemination and the next attempt on the same cow. Although many studies examined the improvement in pregnancy rates following TAI, only a few examined the economic impact of such programs. In this study, we look at the feasibility of reproductive programs that included early pregnancy diagnosis performed by transrectal ultrasonography 25 days after artificial insemination (AI) and TAI of nonpregnant cows. This resulted in the following two TAI programs: a modified OvSynch program with a second PGF2α treatment at 24 h interval (GPPG, n = 100) and a modified OvSynch program with an intravaginal progesterone-release device inserted between days 0−7 (PRID + GPPG, n = 100). Cows included in the TAI programs recorded an improvement in the cumulative pregnancy rate (67% vs. 53%; 69% vs. 53%) compared to those in which this strategy was not applied (p < 0.05). An economic analysis was performed using a decision-support tool to estimate the net present value (NPV; USD/cow/year). The analysis revealed a difference in NPV of 89.6 USD/cow/year between the programs (rebreeding the nonpregnant cows following the TAI program vs. AI at detected estrus). In summary, rebreeding the nonpregnant cows after early negative pregnancy diagnosis (25 days after AI) using this strategy can improve the cumulative pregnancy rate and profitability of dairy farms.
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16
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Yuan H, Liu C, Wang H, Wang L, Dai L. Early pregnancy diagnosis of rabbits: A non-invasive approach using Vis-NIR spatially resolved spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 264:120251. [PMID: 34455387 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy diagnosis is essential for rabbit's reproductive management. The early identification of non-pregnant rabbits allows for earlier re-insemination, increases the service rate, and reduces the laboring interval in commercial operations. The objective of this study was to establish the feasibility of using a Vis-NIR spatially resolved spectroscopy for diagnosing pregnancy in female rabbits. A total of 141 female rabbits, including 67 pregnant female rabbits (PRs) and 74 non-pregnant female rabbits (NPRs), were measured spectrally between 350 and 1000 nm with different source-detector distances (SDD). Different preprocessing methods were used to transform and enhance the spectral signal. A partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) classification model of the original and preprocessed spectra was established. The highest accuracy of the calibration set and prediction set was 91.75% and 86.05%, respectively. Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and successive projection algorithm (SPA) were used to select characteristic wavelengths from the variables of VIP > 1 (Variable importance in projection),and four classification models were established based on selected wavelengths, including PLS-DA, support vector machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Naïve Bayes. SPA-SVM was the optimal classification model, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the validation set and prediction set were 93.18%, 94.44%, 93.88%, 86.96%, 90.00%, 90.69% respectively. The results showed that Vis-NIR spatially resolved spectroscopy combined with classification models could discriminate the PRs and NPRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yuan
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Cailing Liu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Hongying Wang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Liangju Wang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lei Dai
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100085, China
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17
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Abouelela YS, Yasin NAE, El Karmoty AF, Khattab MA, El-Shahat KH, Abdelnaby EA. Ovarian, uterine and luteal hemodynamic variations between pregnant and non-pregnant pluriparous Egyptian buffalos with special reference to their anatomical and histological features. Theriogenology 2021; 173:173-182. [PMID: 34392170 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the ovarian, uterine, and luteal hemodynamic variations using Doppler between pregnant and non-pregnant pluriparous buffalos in relation to their anatomical and histological basics during the first 31 days after natural mating. Adult healthy cyclic Egyptian buffalo (n = 10) were selected and categorized into two groups; group 1 (n = 5) was mated naturally by a fertile bull during the late estrus phase, and group 2 (n = 5) was not mated. Animals were subjected to Doppler ultrasonography to evaluate luteal, ovarian, and uterine blood flows from day 7 until day 31 post-mating. Besides, three pregnant (one month) and other non-pregnant uterus (n = 6) were obtained from a local abattoir to study the anatomical and histological features. Our results revealed that the luteal, ovarian, and uterine arteries cross-sectional diameters/mm increased (P < 0.05) from day 7 till day 31. Resistance (RI) and pulsatility indices (PI) decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in pregnant buffalos till day 31, but the peak systolic, end diastolic velocities and flow volume of those arteries were increased. Additionally, luteal colored areas away and toward CL were increased (P < 0.05) in the pregnant group compared to non-pregnant ones. There was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the lumen diameter of luteal, ovarian, and uterine artery sections in pregnant buffalos compared to those of non-pregnant ones. While the mean value of tunica media's thickness of both luteal and uterine artery was significantly higher in non-pregnant buffalos than pregnant ones, except for that of the ovarian artery. Additionally, the ovarian and uterine artery tunica muscularis relative area % was (P < 0.05) higher in pregnant buffalos than in non-pregnant ones, except for that of the luteal artery. It was concluded that in pregnant buffalos, ovarian, uterine, and luteal blood flows were improved from the first week until 31 days post-mating via a decline in both Doppler indices with an increase in Doppler velocities and blood flow volume in relation to their histological changes based on their anatomical architecture in comparison to non-pregnant one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara S Abouelela
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noha A E Yasin
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amr F El Karmoty
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Khattab
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - K H El-Shahat
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Elshymaa A Abdelnaby
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
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18
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Nanas I, Barbagianni M, Dadouli K, Dovolou E, Amiridis GS. Ultrasonographic findings of the corpus luteum and the gravid uterus during heat stress in dairy cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1329-1341. [PMID: 34324738 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess alterations in, echogenic appearance, size and blood flow in the corpus luteum, the placentomes and the blood flow in umbilical and uterine arteries that heat stress can cause in cooled pregnant dairy cows. Pregnant cows were allocated in two groups and the gravid uteri, along with the ipsilateral corpora lutea were examined during the winter (group W, n = 9) or the summer (group S, n = 10). The grey-scale ultrasound and colour flow imaging of the corpus luteum and placentome were performed. In addition, the umbilical and uterine artery diameters and haemodynamic parameters in the vessels were calculated. At the time of ultrasonographic examination, cortisol concentrations were higher, and progesterone levels tended to be lower in group S compared to group W. The grey-scale ultrasound evaluation of corpora lutea and placentomes was lower in group S compared to group W. The diameter of umbilical artery and the blood volume in the vessel were less in group S than in group W. We infer that heat stress affects foetal blood supply and possibly the structure of placentomes and corpora lutea, but it differently affects the blood flow characteristics in the umbilical and uterine arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Nanas
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Mariana Barbagianni
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Katerina Dadouli
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece.,Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eleni Dovolou
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece.,Department of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgios S Amiridis
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
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19
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Pohler KG, Reese ST, Franco GA, Oliveira RV, Paiva R, Fernandez L, de Melo G, Vasconcelos JLM, Cooke R, Poole RK. New approaches to diagnose and target reproductive failure in cattle. Anim Reprod 2020; 17:e20200057. [PMID: 33029221 PMCID: PMC7534570 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2020-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive failure and pregnancy loss in cattle are some of the largest economic burdens to cattle producers and one of most perplexing factors influencing management decisions. Pregnancy loss may occur at any point during gestation with the largest percentage of loss occurring in the first 30 days and, subsequently, decreasing as the pregnancy progresses. Losses may be attributed to numerous factors, predisposed issues or environmental conditions such as nutritional stressors or disease. From a research perspective, determining the exact causes of pregnancy loss or embryonic mortality in cattle have been difficult, due to limitations of accurately determining early gestation pregnancy status. Until methods that precisely determine embryo success early in gestation are available, our understanding of in vivo pregnancy loss will lack clarity necessary to develop management strategies to decrease such loss. In this review, we will briefly discuss the pivotal periods of pregnancy loss affecting beef and dairy cattle, methods and technologies to determine pregnancy status and embryo viability and potential opportunities to decrease reproductive failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ky Garrett Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Sydney Taylor Reese
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Gessica Araujo Franco
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ramiro Vander Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Rafael Paiva
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Lohana Fernandez
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Gabriela de Melo
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | | | - Reinaldo Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Rebecca Kyle Poole
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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20
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Hong NT, Minh Duc N, Hoang L, Duyet PT, Thien DH, Mai NTT, Tram HTN, Xuan NM, Huy HQ. Reference values for ductus venosus doppler indices of normal gestation at 22-37 weeks: A Vietnamese cohort study. Pediatr Rep 2020; 12:8535. [PMID: 32922711 PMCID: PMC7461642 DOI: 10.4081/pr.2020.8535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal doppler ultrasound of the ductus venosus plays an important role in the evaluation of fetal circulation and fetal heart function. We aimed to establish the percentile of Resistivity Index (RI) and Pulsatility Index (PI) of the Ductus Venosus (DV) among normal Vietnamese fetuses with a gestation from 22 to 37 weeks in a cohort study. Normal Vietnamese fetuses with a gestation ranging from 22 to 37 weeks were examined in a cohort study. The PI and RI were recorded from the DV. We analyzed 640 participants who all fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria of our study. Results: There was a significant correlation between RI, PI and gestational age as shown with the equations y = 0.077x - 0.003x2 + 3.493e - 5x3 (r=0.97) and y = 0.106x - 0.004x2 + 4.5e - 5x3 (r=0.94), respectively. A centile module was constructed for the DV RI and PI indices among normal Vietnamese fetuses with gestation from 22 to 37 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Hong
- Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen
| | | | - Le Hoang
- National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | | | - Dang Hong Thien
- National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Ngo Minh Xuan
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City
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21
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Wahid MR, Prawira AY, Nisa' C, Agungpriyono S, Fakhrul Ulum M. Sonoanatomy of female reproductive organ of Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica). Anat Histol Embryol 2020; 49:779-787. [PMID: 32537746 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The conventional anatomical study of specimens requires cutting processes which destruct the limited specimens. A non-destructive method, namely an ultrasonography, can be used to assess the anatomical organ information of those specimens. The aim of this research is to analyse the macroanatomy of the female reproductive organ in the Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica), using ultrasonographical imaging. In this study, four formaldehyde-fixed reproductive organ specimens of the Sunda porcupine were used. A 10-12 MHz linear ultrasound transducer was utilized to provide an imaging format of both longitudinal and transversal views. Photographic images were then used as comparison with a sonographic image. The results show that the ultrasound image of the Sunda porcupine reproductive organ soft tissue was hypoechoic, the lumen and antrum follicles were anechoic, while atretic follicles and the mons pubis were hyperechoic. Generally, the size of the organ was not significantly different between photographical and ultrasonographical imaging (p > .05). In conclusion, ultrasound images can be utilized for anatomical studies of the Sunda porcupine reproductive organs without destructing the specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Risman Wahid
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Andhika Yudha Prawira
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Chairun Nisa'
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Srihadi Agungpriyono
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Mokhamad Fakhrul Ulum
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Reproduction, and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
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22
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Mateo-Otero Y, Sánchez JM, Recuero S, Bagés-Arnal S, McDonald M, Kenny DA, Yeste M, Lonergan P, Fernandez-Fuertes B. Effect of Exposure to Seminal Plasma Through Natural Mating in Cattle on Conceptus Length and Gene Expression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:341. [PMID: 32478076 PMCID: PMC7235327 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that paternal factors have an impact on offspring development. These studies have been mainly carried out in mice, where seminal plasma (SP) has been shown to regulate endometrial gene expression and impact embryo development and subsequent offspring health. In cattle, infusion of SP into the uterus also induces changes in endometrial gene expression, however, evidence for an effect of SP on early embryo development is lacking. In addition, during natural mating, the bull ejaculates in the vagina; hence, it is not clear whether any SP reaches the uterus in this species. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine whether SP exposure leads to improved early embryo survival and developmental rates in cattle. To this end, Day 7 in vitro produced blastocysts were transferred to heifers (12-15 per heifer) previously mated to vasectomized bulls (n = 13 heifers) or left unmated (n = 12 heifers; control). At Day 14, heifers were slaughtered, and conceptuses were recovered to assess size, morphology and expression of candidate genes involved in different developmental pathways. Additionally, CL volume at Day 7, and weight and volume of CL at Day 14 were recorded. No effect of SP on CL volume and weight not on conceptus recovery rate was observed. However, filamentous conceptuses recovered from SP-exposed heifers were longer in comparison to the control group and differed in expression of CALM1, CITED1, DLD, HNRNPDL, PTGS2, and TGFB3. In conclusion, data indicate that female exposure to SP during natural mating can affect conceptus development in cattle. This is probably achieved through modulation of the female reproductive environment at the time of mating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yentel Mateo-Otero
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - José María Sánchez
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sandra Recuero
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Sandra Bagés-Arnal
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael McDonald
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David A. Kenny
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, Ireland
| | - Marc Yeste
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Pat Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Beatriz Fernandez-Fuertes
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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Fiore E, Fabbri G, Gallo L, Morgante M, Muraro M, Boso M, Gianesella M. Application of texture analysis of b-mode ultrasound images for the quantification and prediction of intramuscular fat in living beef cattle: A methodological study. Res Vet Sci 2020; 131:254-258. [PMID: 32438068 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) contributes significantly to the aroma and tenderness of the meat, therefore playing a key role in quality determination. Yet, IMF determination methods rely on visual inspection or on fat extraction from meat samples after animals' slaughter. The aim of this methodological study was the elaboration of a process capable of predicting IMF% using real-time ultrasound (RTU) images in live beef cattle. The longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of 26 Charolaise heifers was investigated. In vivo ultrasound images were taken and texture analysis was performed. One week after the animals' slaughter, the whole twelfth rib cut was collected, and IMF% was determined by extraction with petrol ether (Randall) method. Animals were divided in 3 groups depending on their mean lipid content percentage in 100 g meat (Group 1: IMF ≤ 4.24%; Group 2: 4.25% ≤ IMF ≤ 5.75%; Group 3: IMF ≥ 5.76%). Texture parameters were selected by a stepwise linear discriminant analysis using IMF% measured by chemical extraction (IMFqa) as the dependent variable, and the results of the texture analysis as explanatory variables. 6 variables were found predictive and molded into a multiple regression equation, this equation was then validated using IMFqa as ground truth. A high linear correlation between IMFqa and IMFpred was evident (r2 = 0.8504), ROC analysis perfomed on IMFpred comparing it to IMFqa showed a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 93.7%, while results from the Bland-Altman plot were ± 1.96 (±1.11SD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Fiore
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Giorgia Fabbri
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Luigi Gallo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Massimo Morgante
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Michele Muraro
- Veterinary Service of Consorzio Agrario del NORD-EST, Verona (VR), Italy
| | - Matteo Boso
- Veterinary Service of Società Agricola Vio, Eraclea (VE), Italy
| | - Matteo Gianesella
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
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24
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Ealy AD, Seekford ZK. Symposium review: Predicting pregnancy loss in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:11798-11804. [PMID: 31587904 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Several tools exist to diagnose pregnancy in dairy cattle. However, substantial pregnancy loss occurs within the first 60 d of gestation in cattle, and these losses have a profound adverse economic impact on the dairy and beef cattle industries. Detecting these impending pregnancy losses could offer producers an opportunity to reduce costs associated with this source of reproductive inefficiency. Several of the pregnancy diagnostic tools currently available and new technologies are being examined for their ability to predict pregnancies at risk for failing in early pregnancy. This review provides a synopsis of work undertaken recently to predict pregnancy losses in cattle. Currently, opportunities to predict pregnancy loss include (1) using transrectal ultrasonography to detect loss of the fetal heartbeat, floating debris within the placental fluids, and reductions in fetal size; (2) observing reductions in circulating progesterone concentrations; (3) detecting reductions in concentrations of circulating placental products; namely, pregnancy-associated glycoproteins and microRNAs; and (4) detecting reductions in the early pregnancy-dependent increase in interferon-stimulatory gene expression in peripheral blood leukocytes. An achievable goal may be to identify markers of embryo mortality so that researchers and clinicians can focus their efforts on developing intervention strategies for cows identified to be at risk for pregnancy failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Ealy
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061.
| | - Zachary K Seekford
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061
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25
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Early pregnancy diagnosis at 21 days post artificial insemination using corpus luteum vascular perfusion compared to corpus luteum diameter and/or echogenicity in Nelore heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 209:106144. [PMID: 31514923 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to compare the use of corpus luteum (CL) vascular perfusion to CL diameter and/or echogenicity to diagnose pregnancy at 21 d after timed-AI. Ovaries of Nelore heifers were assessed using ultrasonography in B-mode and color Doppler simultaneously 21 d after timed-AI (n = 113). Objective evaluations were performed using an image processing software to extract the number of colored pixels (ColorPix), diameter (mm) and echogenicity/mm² (EchoPix) of the CL. Subjective evaluations of the CL were performed by five evaluators using scores of estimated vascular perfusion area of color Doppler scan videos and estimated CL size and qualitative echogenicity of B-mode scan videos. The reference pregnancy diagnosis was performed 33 d after timed-AI using an ultrasonic device. Corpus luteum ColorPix, diameter and EchoPix were highly correlated (P < 0.001) with pregnancy. Pregnancy diagnosis accuracy, sensitivity, and negative predictive value were not different for CL ColorPix and diameter and was less with use of EchoPix compared to the other parameters. Size and vascular perfusion scores were correlated to the greatest extent (0.88-0.94) with the respective objective values within evaluator. The results from the ROC curve analysis indicated a smaller area under the curve for qualitative echogenicity compared to CL size and vascular perfusion. Corpus luteum vascular perfusion was the only subjective evaluation that when assessed there were no false negative pregnancy diagnoses. In conclusion, the use of the objective CL diameter resulted in the same efficacy as CL vascular perfusion evaluations for early pregnancy diagnosis in Nelore heifers.
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26
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Samir H, Kandiel MMM. Accuracy of subjective evaluation of luteal blood flow by color Doppler ultrasonography for early diagnosis of pregnancy in Egyptian buffalo. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 208:106129. [PMID: 31405479 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to evaluate the accuracy of trans-rectal color Doppler ultrasonography for early diagnosis of pregnancy in Egyptian buffalo based on subjective assessment of luteal blood flow (LBF). After timed artificial insemination (TAI), a total of 112 pluriparous buffalo were subjectively evaluated for LBF and there were score scales or grades (I-IV) determined at different times (Days 6, 14, 17, 21) post-TAI. Another trans-rectal B-mode ultrasonography of the uterus was performed at Day 35 to confirm pregnancy diagnosis based on recognition of the positive signs of pregnancy. Retrospectively, the results of B-mode ultrasonography were compared to that of the subjective evaluations of LBF for determining accuracy values. Furthermore, serum progesterone (P4) concentrations were determined as an indicator of corpora lutea (CL) function. Results indicate 68 of 112 buffalo (60.7%) were diagnosed as pregnant. The accuracy value of the LBF subjective evaluation was significant (80.4%; P < 0.05) at Day 17, and there was the maximum accuracy (96.4%) at Day 21 post-TAI. The percentage of false diagnoses was less at Days 17 and 21 compared with Day 6 and 14 post-TAI. There was a significant matching value between P4 concentrations and scores for LBF on and after Day 17 post-insemination. In conclusion, subjective evaluation of LBF using color Doppler ultrasonography is considered an accurate technique for early detection of pregnancy in Egyptian buffalo especially the non-pregnant animals as early as Day 17, with maximum accuracy at Day 21 post-TAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haney Samir
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M M Kandiel
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
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Siqueira LG, Arashiro EK, Ghetti AM, Souza ED, Feres LF, Pfeifer LF, Fonseca JF, Viana JH. Vascular and morphological features of the corpus luteum 12 to 20 days after timed artificial insemination in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:5612-5622. [PMID: 30954257 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to retrospectively compare pregnant versus nonpregnant cattle in terms of vascular and morphometric changes in corpora lutea between d 12 and 20 following timed artificial insemination (TAI). Crossbred (Gir × Holstein) lactating dairy cows (n = 136) and heifers (n = 111) were bred after synchronizing ovulations using an estradiol plus progesterone (P4)-based protocol. Corpus luteum (CL) characteristics (area, echotexture, blood flow) were recorded at 48-h intervals from d 12 to 20 following TAI using an ultrasound equipped with color Doppler. Blood samples were collected to determine CL function (plasma P4). Pregnancy diagnosis was performed at d 30. Quantitative assessment of colored pixels within the CL was performed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) and echotexture was quantified using custom software. Continuous variables such as luteal tissue area (LTA), CL blood flow (CLBF), adjusted CLBF (ratio LTA:CLBF), mean pixel value (MPV), pixel heterogeneity (HETER), and plasma P4 were analyzed retrospectively as repeated measures (d 12 to 20) in pregnant versus nonpregnant females using PROC MIXED (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Main effects were pregnancy status, day of cycle, and their interaction. Further analyses used only data from d 16, because this was the earliest time point of deviation between CLBF of pregnant and nonpregnant animals. We created quartiles for each variable and calculated the risk of pregnancy within quartile. Differences were determined using the chi-squared test. Plasma P4 was significantly higher in prospective pregnant versus nonpregnant cattle on d 18 and 20, whereas LTA differed only on d 20. On d 16, CLBF and adjusted CLBF diverged between pregnant and nonpregnant, followed by a progressive reduction in the latter until d 20. Mean pixel value was not affected by pregnancy status, but HETER was lower on d 20 in pregnant than in nonpregnant cattle. Likelihood of pregnancy increased from quartile (Q)1 (lowest values) to Q4 (highest) of CLBF (Q4 vs. Q1, odds ratio = 32.8, 95% confidence interval: 9.6 to 112.1) and adjusted CLBF [Q4 vs. Q1, odds ratio = 25.4, 95% confidence interval: 8.1 to 80.4), whereas a lower risk of pregnancy was observed only for animals within Q1 of plasma P4 [Q4 vs. Q1, odds ratio = 3.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.3 to 7.2). Day 16 quartiles of LTA, MPV, and HETER did not affect odds of pregnancy. In conclusion, we identified distinct CLBF patterns as early as 16 d after TAI and confirmed that CL function is lost by a reduction in blood flow, which precedes physical regression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eliza D Souza
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil 36038-330
| | - Luiz F Feres
- Universidade Jose do Rosario Vellano, Alfenas, MG, Brazil 37130-000
| | | | | | - João H Viana
- Universidade Jose do Rosario Vellano, Alfenas, MG, Brazil 37130-000; Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil 70770-917.
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Hassan M, Arshad U, Bilal M, Sattar A, Avais M, Bollwein H, Ahmad N. Luteal blood flow measured by Doppler ultrasonography during the first three weeks after artificial insemination in pregnant and non-pregnant Bos indicus dairy cows. J Reprod Dev 2018; 65:29-36. [PMID: 30393273 PMCID: PMC6379759 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2018-084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if there are differences in luteal size (LS), progesterone (P4), and luteal blood flow (LBF) between pregnant and non-pregnant Bos
indicus dairy cows during the first three weeks after insemination, and whether these parameters are related to each other. Lactating cows (n = 13) of mixed parity with a body
weight of 430 ± 18 kg (mean ± SD), showing regular estrous cycle were used in the study. All cows were artificially inseminated and were classified as pregnant (embryonic heartbeat on day
30; n = 8) or non-pregnant (inter-estrus interval 17 to 21 days, n = 5). In order to compare the LS and LBF after artificial insemination, B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonography of ovaries
were performed on days 4, 5, 6, 7 (first week), 8, 10, 12, 14, (second week), and 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 (third week) in pregnant and non-pregnant cows. Results revealed that the mean LBF
was consistently higher (P < 0.05) during days 7 through 21 in pregnant cows than in non-pregnant cows. The mean LS was higher (P < 0.05) on days 6 and 7, and from day 17 onwards, and
the mean concentration of P4 was higher (P < 0.05) on days 19, 20, and 21 in pregnant cows. In conclusion, LBF is a more sensitive parameter than LS and P4 for detection of differences in
luteal function between pregnant and non-pregnant Bos indicus dairy cows during the first three weeks after AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubbashar Hassan
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.,Present: Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Usman Arshad
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Statistics and Computer Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Business Management, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sattar
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Avais
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Heinrich Bollwein
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Nasim Ahmad
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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29
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Accuracy of assessment of luteal morphology and luteal blood flow for prediction of early pregnancy in goats. Theriogenology 2018; 121:104-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Pugliesi G, de Melo GD, Ataíde GA, Pellegrino CAG, Silva JB, Rocha CC, Motta IG, Vasconcelos JLM, Binelli M. Use of Doppler ultrasonography in embryo transfer programs: feasibility and field results. Anim Reprod 2018; 15:239-246. [PMID: 34178147 PMCID: PMC8202456 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2018-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intensive use of Doppler ultrasonography in several studies in the last decade allowed
the characterization of vascular perfusion and the estimation of function of the reproductive
organs and tissues along the estrous cycle and pregnancy in cattle. We aim to discuss the possibility
of using Doppler imaging and to explore the potential of its inclusion in reproductive programs
in cattle industry. Recent studies in dairy and beef cows indicated a high accuracy and sensitivity
when Doppler ultrasonography is used to evaluate corpus luteum function and to diagnosis
pregnancy between days 20 and 22. Moreover, resynchronization programs starting 5 to 7 days
after timed embryo transfer (FTET) coupled with early pregnancy diagnosis were developed
for beef cattle, and have been implemented in commercial embryo transfer programs. These
strategies allow a reduction in the interval between two FTET from ≈ 40 to 24 days and
may improve the gains in reproductive efficiency when compared to traditional programs than
begin resynchronization after the pregnancy diagnosis at 30 days. A second alternative to
use Doppler imaging is the evaluation of luteal blood perfusion at the time of embryo transfer
for selection of recipients with greater receptivity potential. This may increases fertility
in FTET, as embryos would not be transferred to females with non-functional CL, and in cases
with recipients surplus, females with higher receptivity would be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Pugliesi
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Dalmaso de Melo
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilmar Arantes Ataíde
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cecília Constantino Rocha
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Garcia Motta
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mario Binelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, USA
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Smith MF, Geisert RD, Parrish JJ. Reproduction in domestic ruminants during the past 50 yr: discovery to application. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:2952-2970. [PMID: 29684167 PMCID: PMC6095338 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of reproductive physiology in domestic ruminants has progressed from the whole animal to the molecular level in an amazingly short period of time. The volume of information on this subject is enormous; therefore, we have focused on domestic ruminants, with an emphasis on cattle. To date, artificial insemination (AI) is perhaps the most powerful technique that reproductive physiologists and geneticists have provided the livestock industry for genetic improvement. Early efforts to establish AI as a tool were initiated in Russia around 1899 and since that time major advances in methods of semen collection, evaluation of male fertility, cryopreservation of sperm, sex-sorted semen, and estrous cycle control have occurred. The preceding advances not only led to the widespread use of AI, but also contributed to our fundamental understanding of ovulation control, timing of insemination, gamete biology, and cryopreservation. In regards to anestrus, our understanding of the concept of neuroendocrine control of the pituitary gland and the role of steroid feedback led to the Gonadostat Theory, which proposes that onset of puberty is due to a decrease in the negative feedback of gonadal steroids over time. Subsequent studies in prepuberal and postpartum sheep and cattle established that a short luteal phase frequently precedes the first normal length cycle that is accompanied by estrous expression. This observation led to the common practice of treating prepuberal heifers and anestrous postpartum cows with a short-term progestin treatment (e.g., Controlled Internal Drug Release) to induce normal estrous cycles. In domestic ruminants, fertilization rate is high (85% to 95%); however, significant embryonic mortality before or around the time of maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP) reduces the pregnancy rate to a single breeding. Significant effort has been directed at determining the time of MRP, the signal for MRP, as well as elucidating the physiological, cellular, and molecular dialogue between the conceptus and uterine environment. Advancements have now led us to the ability to edit the genome to alleviate disease and possibly improve production traits. In summary, major advancements in our understanding of reproductive biology have stemmed from efforts to establish the AI and embryo transfer technique and reduce the negative impact of anestrus and embryonic mortality in domestic ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Smith
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Rodney D Geisert
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - John J Parrish
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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Vrisman DP, Bastos NM, Rossi GF, Rodrigues NN, Borges LPB, Taira AR, de Paz CCP, Nogueira GDP, Teixeira PPM, Monteiro FM, Oliveira MEF. Corpus luteum dynamics after ovulation induction with or without previous exposure to progesterone in prepubertal Nellore heifers. Theriogenology 2018; 106:60-68. [PMID: 29040877 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were 1) to monitor corpus luteum (CL) dynamics after two different protocols of ovulation induction in prepubertal Nellore heifers, and 2) to determine differences in luteal function. Fifty-seven heifers (weight 289.61 ± 32.28 kg, BCS 5.66 ± 0.65, age 17.47 ± 0.81 months) were divided into two groups: GP4+GnRH received a progesterone (P4) device of 3rd use for 10 days, followed by the administration of 0.02 mg buserelin acetate (GnRH) 48 h after removal of the device, and GGnRH received only GnRH. The CLs formed were monitored by ultrasonography every 2 days until their functional regression (decrease in the color Doppler signal and serum P4 concentration < 1 ng/mL), determining their diameter and area, numerical pixel value (NPV), pixel heterogeneity, and vascularization percentage. The peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, resistivity index and pulsatility index (PI) of the ovarian artery and serum P4 concentration were also measured. A lifespan of the CL of more than 16 days was classified as normal-function and of less than 16 days as premature regression. The variables were compared between treatments, CL categories (normal-functional, prematurely regressed or non-functional), days of evaluation, and their interactions using the MIXED procedure of the SAS program (p ≤ 0.05). Three animals of each group (6/57 = 11%) did not respond to treatment, corresponding to an ovulation rate of 89%. There was a higher percentage of normal-function CLs in GP4+GnRH (81%) and a higher percentage of non-functional CLs in GGnRH (52%; P4 concentration < 1 ng/mL in all assessments). Normal-function CLs exhibited a greater area, vascularization percentage and P4 concentration than prematurely regressed and non-functional CLs. Lower diameter, area, NPV and P4 concentration were observed for non-functional CLs, but there was no difference in vascularization percentage compared to prematurely regressed CLs. Progesterone concentration was efficient in diagnosing CL function and was positively correlated with CL area (r = 0.62; p < 0.001) and vascularization percentage (r = 0.38; p < 0.001). Diameter and PI were important for the early diagnosis of non-functional and prematurely regressed CLs, respectively. In conclusion, luteal function differed for the first CL that develops after ovulation induction in prepubertal heifers. Ultrasonographic parameters (diameter, area, NPV, vascularization percentage, and PI) can be used to predict CL function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayane Priscila Vrisman
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Natália Marins Bastos
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Fazan Rossi
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Naiara Nantes Rodrigues
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | | | - Augusto Ryonosuke Taira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme de Paula Nogueira
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária de Araçatuba (FMVA/UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Morato Monteiro
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Centro APTA Bovinos de Corte, Sertãozinho, São Paulo, 14160-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Emília Franco Oliveira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
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Reese ST, Pereira MHC, Edwards JL, Vasconcelos JLM, Pohler KG. Pregnancy diagnosis in cattle using pregnancy associated glycoprotein concentration in circulation at day 24 of gestation. Theriogenology 2017; 106:178-185. [PMID: 29073542 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cattle producers are limited to day 28-30 of gestation as the earliest time point for accurate pregnancy diagnosis due to the effectiveness of ultrasound and chemical based methods, including commercially available pregnancy associated glycoproteins (PAG) tests. The objective of the current studies were to determine if early gestation circulating PAG concentrations at day 24 could be used to diagnose pregnancy in dairy cattle undergoing embryo transfer. In vitro produced embryos were transferred into Holstein x Gir cows and heifers on day 7 following ovulation. Study 1 utilized only cows (n = 101) determined to be pregnant on day 24 of gestation by progesterone concentration, as well as CL and PAG presence. In study 2, animals were not predetermined to be pregnant and both heifers (n = 111) and cows (n = 242) were used. In both studies, blood was collected at day 24 for PAG analysis as well as day 31. Final pregnancy confirmation occurred on day 60 via transrectal ultrasonography. Serum PAG concentrations were quantified using an in house PAG ELISA. Following timed embryo transfer (TET) in study 1, of the 101 cows diagnosed as pregnant on day 24, 80 cows were identified as still pregnant on day 31 of gestation (77%). Study 2 had a pregnancy rate at day 31 of 33.7% of total embryos transferred. Mean circulating PAG concentration at day 24 differed (P < 0.001) between animals diagnosed pregnant and non-pregnant at day 31 in both studies (study 1, 2.964 ± 0.262 ng/mL vs 0.946 ± 0.168 ng/mL and study 2, 1.962 ± 0.261 ng/mL vs 0.731 ± 0.109 ng/mL). Concentration of PAG between pregnant and non-pregnant cows in study 1 and 2 was significant, however, pregnant heifers in study 2 (1.562 ± 0.266 ng/mL) had concentration of PAGs that only had a tendency to differ compared to non-pregnant heifers (non-pregnant, 0.799 ± 0.290 ng/mL; P = 0.0669). Only animals that were pregnant at day 31 were analyzed in late embryo mortality analysis (heifers, n = 54; cows, n = 159), defined as pregnancy loss between day 31 and 60. Between day 31 and 60, 39 (12 in study 1 and 28 in study 2) animals experienced late embryo mortality. Circulating concentrations of PAG were not significantly different (P > 0.05), in either study, at day 24 of gestation in animals that maintained pregnancy until day 60 compared to animals that lost pregnancy between day 31 and 60 (late embryo mortality, LEM). In summary, early gestation circulating PAG concentration may have application in diagnosing pregnancy at day 24 of gestation and more work is needed to determine the potential of early gestation PAGs in predicting embryo loss in dairy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Reese
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, 2506 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - M H C Pereira
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - J L Edwards
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, 2506 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - J L M Vasconcelos
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - K G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, 2506 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, United States.
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Pinaffi F, Araujo E, Silva L, Ginther O. Color-Doppler signals of blood flow in the corpus luteum and vascular perfusion index for ovarian and uterine arteries during expansion of the allantochorion in Bos taurus heifers. Theriogenology 2017; 102:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Banzato T, Bernardini M, Cherubini GB, Zotti A. Texture analysis of magnetic resonance images to predict histologic grade of meningiomas in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2017; 78:1156-1162. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.10.1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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Lasheen ME, Badr HM, Kandiel MMM, Abo El-Maaty AM, Samir H, Farouk M, Eldawy MH. Predicting early pregnancy in Egyptian buffalo cows via measuring uterine and luteal blood flows, and serum and saliva progesterone. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 50:137-142. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1413-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hassan M, Sattar A, Bilal M, Avais M, Ahmad N. Evaluation of changes in blood flow of the uterine artery by Doppler ultrasonography during the estrous cycle in lactating Bos indicus cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 184:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gómez-Seco C, Alegre B, Martínez-Pastor F, Prieto JG, González-Montaña JR, Alonso ME, Domínguez JC. Evolution of the corpus luteum volume determined ultrasonographically and its relation to the plasma progesterone concentration after artificial insemination in pregnant and non-pregnant dairy cows. Vet Res Commun 2017; 41:183-188. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-017-9685-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Banzato T, Fiore E, Morgante M, Manuali E, Zotti A. Texture analysis of B-mode ultrasound images to stage hepatic lipidosis in the dairy cow: A methodological study. Res Vet Sci 2016; 108:71-5. [PMID: 27663373 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic lipidosis is the most diffused hepatic disease in the lactating cow. A new methodology to estimate the degree of fatty infiltration of the liver in lactating cows by means of texture analysis of B-mode ultrasound images is proposed. B-mode ultrasonography of the liver was performed in 48 Holstein Friesian cows using standardized ultrasound parameters. Liver biopsies to determine the triacylglycerol content of the liver (TAGqa) were obtained from each animal. A large number of texture parameters were calculated on the ultrasound images by means of a free software. Based on the TAGqa content of the liver, 29 samples were classified as mild (TAGqa<50mg/g), 6 as moderate (50mg/g<TAGqa>100mg/g) and 13 as severe (TAG>100mg/g) in steatosis. Stepwise linear regression analysis was performed to predict the TAGqa content of the liver (TAGpred) from the texture parameters calculated on the ultrasound images. A five-variable model was used to predict the TAG content from the ultrasound images. The regression model explained 83.4% of the variance. An area under the curve (AUC) of 0.949 was calculated for <50mg/g vs >50mg/g of TAGqa; using an optimal cut-off value of 72mg/g TAGpred had a sensitivity of 86.2% and a specificity of 84.2%. An AUC of 0.978 for <100mg/g vs >100mg/g of TAGqa was calculated; using an optimal cut-off value of 89mg/g, TAGpred sensitivity was 92.3% and specificity was 88.6%. Texture analysis of B-mode ultrasound images may therefore be used to accurately predict the TAG content of the liver in lactating cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Banzato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Enrico Fiore
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Massimo Morgante
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Manuali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Via G. Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Zotti
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
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Pandey AK, Ghuman S, Dhaliwal GS, Agarwal SK, Phogat JB. Impact of Buserelin Acetate or hCG Administration on the Day of First Artificial Insemination on Subsequent Luteal Profile and Conception Rate in Murrah Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:478-84. [PMID: 27170495 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the impact of buserelin acetate (BA) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration on the day of first artificial insemination (AI) on subsequent luteal profile (diameter of corpus luteum (CL) and plasma progesterone) and conception rate in Murrah buffalo. The present experiment was carried out at two locations in 117 buffalo that were oestrus-synchronized using cloprostenol (500 μg) administered (i.m.) 11 days apart followed by AI during standing oestrus. Based on treatment (i.m.) at the time of AI, buffalo were randomly categorized (n = 39 in each group) into control (isotonic saline solution, 5 ml), dAI-BA (buserelin acetate, 20 μg) and dAI-hCG (hCG, 3000 IU) group. Out of these, 14 buffalo of each group were subjected to ovarian ultrasonography on the day of oestrus to monitor the preovulatory follicle and on days 5, 12, 16 and 21 post-ovulation to monitor CL diameter. On the day of each sonography, jugular vein blood samples were collected for the estimation of progesterone concentrations. All the buffalo (n = 117) were confirmed for pregnancy on day 40 post-ovulation. The conception rate was better (p < 0.05) in dAI-BA (51.3%) and dAI-hCG (66.7%) groups as compared to their control counterparts (30.8%). Furthermore, the buffalo of dAI-hCG group had improved (p < 0.05) luteal profile, whereas the buffalo of dAI-BA group failed (p > 0.05) to exhibit stimulatory impact of treatment on luteal profile when compared to control group. In brief, buserelin acetate or hCG treatment on the day of first AI leads to an increase in conception rate; however, an appreciable impact on post-ovulation luteal profile was observed only in hCG-treated Murrah buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Pandey
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Sps Ghuman
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - G S Dhaliwal
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - S K Agarwal
- Central Institute for Research on Goat, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - J B Phogat
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
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Racewicz P, Sickinger M, Włodarek J, Jaśkowski JM. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of early pregnancy in cattle using different ultrasound systems. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2016; 44:151-6. [PMID: 27090352 DOI: 10.15653/tpg-150816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficiency of different ultrasound devices in achieving an early diagnosis of pregnancy in dairy herds. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 1976 Holstein Friesian cows and heifers were artificially inseminated (AI) according to the herd manager's regime. Pregnancy diagnostics were performed between day 26 and 35 after AI using six different types of ultrasound systems (linear vs. sector scanners). Manual rectal palpation between day 45 and 60 after AI was used as the gold standard for pregnancy diagnostics. Sensitivity (SENS), specificity (SPEC), positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy (ACC) of the diagnostic measures were determined. RESULTS Average SENS was 82% (range 67.7-95.2%) with a mean SPEC of 73% (range 50.0-81.0%). ACC was 78.2% with a minimum of 64.6% and a maximum of 89.4%, depending on the ultrasound system. The PPV (ratio of the number of pregnant cows with a positive examination result to the number of cows actually pregnant) was 80.8% (range 59.1-88.1%), whereas the NPV (defined as the ratio of the number of cows correctly diagnosed negative to the number of cows actually open) was 74.4% (72.3-91.9%). Significant differences for these parameters were found depending on the ultrasound system used (p ≤ 0.01; Cramer's V. = 0.14). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Regardless of the ultrasound device used, early pregnancy diagnostics between day 26 and 35 show a moderate diagnostic efficiency. Comparing the accuracy of the different devices, there may be a significant influence of type and technical parameters. Even though ultrasound systems with mechanical sector probes are not as convenient to use as systems with linear probes, according to this study, sector scanners are a reasonable alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Racewicz
- Dr. Przemysław Racewicz, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, ul. Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland,
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Pandey A, Dhaliwal G, Ghuman S, Agarwal S. Impact of buserelin acetate or hCG administration on day 5 post-ovulation on subsequent luteal profile and conception rate in Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 162:80-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pohler KG, Green JA, Geary TW, Peres RFG, Pereira MHC, Vasconcelos JLM, Smith MF. Predicting Embryo Presence and Viability. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2015; 216:253-70. [PMID: 26450503 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15856-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy establishment, followed by birth of live offspring, is essential to all mammals. The biological processes leading up to pregnancy establishment, maintenance, and birth are complex and dependent on the coordinated timing of a series of events at the molecular, cellular, and physiological level. The ability to ovulate a competent oocyte, which is capable of undergoing fertilization, is only the initial step in achieving a successful pregnancy. Once fertilization has occurred and early embryonic development is initiated, early pregnancy detection is critical to provide proper prenatal care (humans) or appropriate management (domestic livestock). However, the simple presence of an embryo, early in gestation, does not guarantee the birth of a live offspring. Pregnancy loss (embryonic mortality, spontaneous abortions, etc.) has been well documented in all mammals, especially in humans and domestic livestock species, and is a major cause of reproductive loss. It has been estimated that only about 25-30% of all fertilized oocytes in humans result in birth of a live offspring; however, identifying the embryos that will not survive to parturition has not been an easy task. Therefore, investigators have focused the identification of products in maternal circulation that permit the detection of an embryo and assessment of its well-being. This review will focus on the advances in predicting embryonic presence and viability, in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
| | - J A Green
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - T W Geary
- USDA-ARS, Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, Miles City, MT, USA
| | - R F G Peres
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de MedicinaVeterinária e Zootecnia-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M H C Pereira
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de MedicinaVeterinária e Zootecnia-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J L M Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de MedicinaVeterinária e Zootecnia-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M F Smith
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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