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Mair B, Tomic J, Masud SN, Tonge P, Weiss A, Usaj M, Tong AHY, Kwan JJ, Brown KR, Titus E, Atkins M, Chan KSK, Munsie L, Habsid A, Han H, Kennedy M, Cohen B, Keller G, Moffat J. Essential Gene Profiles for Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Identify Uncharacterized Genes and Substrate Dependencies. Cell Rep 2020; 27:599-615.e12. [PMID: 30970261 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provide an invaluable tool for modeling diseases and hold promise for regenerative medicine. For understanding pluripotency and lineage differentiation mechanisms, a critical first step involves systematically cataloging essential genes (EGs) that are indispensable for hPSC fitness, defined as cell reproduction in this study. To map essential genetic determinants of hPSC fitness, we performed genome-scale loss-of-function screens in an inducible Cas9 H1 hPSC line cultured on feeder cells and laminin to identify EGs. Among these, we found FOXH1 and VENTX, genes that encode transcription factors previously implicated in stem cell biology, as well as an uncharacterized gene, C22orf43/DRICH1. hPSC EGs are substantially different from other human model cell lines, and EGs in hPSCs are highly context dependent with respect to different growth substrates. Our CRISPR screens establish parameters for genome-wide screens in hPSCs, which will facilitate the characterization of unappreciated genetic regulators of hPSC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mair
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jelena Tomic
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sanna N Masud
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Tonge
- Centre for Commercialization of Regenerative Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Matej Usaj
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jamie J Kwan
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin R Brown
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Titus
- Centre for Commercialization of Regenerative Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Atkins
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Lise Munsie
- Centre for Commercialization of Regenerative Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Habsid
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hong Han
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marion Kennedy
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brenda Cohen
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gordon Keller
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Biomaterials and BioMedical Engineering, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Jeong Y, Olson OP, Lian C, Lee ES, Jeong YW, Hwang WS. Dog cloning from post-mortem tissue frozen without cryoprotectant. Cryobiology 2020; 97:226-230. [PMID: 32268132 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Successful reproductive cloning depends on obtaining intact donor nuclei from viable cells, ideally isolated by tissue biopsy of a living donor. However, owners and veterinarians often freeze deceased animals, which eventually causes damage to cellular micro-organelles due to the formation of intracellular water crystals. In the present study, we have reported the production of viable cloned puppies using donor nuclei of cells obtained from frozen carcasses. Five cases of deceased and frozen canine specimens were presented to be cloned. Skin fibroblast cell lines were successfully established for four specimens. Significant longer time was needed for the cell growth from frozen tissues (4 days) to reach 80% confluency compared to fresh tissue and frozen tissues frozen for 1- or 2-days. Similarly, SA-βgal positive cells (death cells) were significantly higher in frozen cells for 2- or 4- days compared to samples from fresh or frozen (1 day) sources. The cloning efficiency (CE) and the pregnancy rates (PR) of frozen cells were lower than those obtained from fresh or living donors (CE 2.4 ± 1.8% vs. 0.6 ± 0.3%, PR 21.7 ± 16.1% vs. 7.7 ± 5.3% for fresh vs. frozen, respectively). Here we demonstrate is the possibility to produce healthy offspring from cell lines obtained from frozen tissue collected post-mortem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonik Jeong
- Sooam Biotech Research Foundation, 64 Kyunginro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08359, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Olof P Olson
- Sooam Biotech Research Foundation, 64 Kyunginro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08359, Republic of Korea
| | - Cai Lian
- Sooam Biotech Research Foundation, 64 Kyunginro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08359, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Song Lee
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Woo Jeong
- Sooam Biotech Research Foundation, 64 Kyunginro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08359, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo Suk Hwang
- Sooam Biotech Research Foundation, 64 Kyunginro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08359, Republic of Korea
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Determining Influence of Culture Media and Dose-Dependent Supplementation with Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor on the Ex Vivo Proliferative Activity of Domestic Cat Dermal Fibroblasts in Terms of Their Suitability for Cell Banking and Somatic Cell Cloning of Felids. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2018-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Dermal fibroblasts are commonly used as donors of genetic material for somatic cell nuclear transfer in mammals. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a cytokine that regulates proliferation and differentiation of different cell types. The study was aimed at optimizing the cell culture protocol for cat dermal fibroblasts by assessing the influence of culture media and different doses of bFGF on proliferation of fibroblasts and their viability in terms of cell banking and somatic cloning of felids. In Experiment I, skin biopsies of domestic cats were cultured in DMEM (D) and/or DMEM/F12 (F), both supplemented with 5 ng bFGF/ml (D-5, F-5, respectively). After the primary culture reached ~80% of confluency, the cells were passaged (3–4 times) and cultured in media with (D-5, F-5) or without (D-0, F-0) bFGF. To determine the optimal doses of bFGF, in Experiment II, secondary fibroblasts were cultured in DMEM with 0 (D-0), 2.5 (D-2.5), 5 (D-5) or 10 (D-10) ng bFGF/ml. The results showed that in D-5 the cells proliferated faster than in D-0, F-5 and F-0. Due to their poor proliferation, passages IV were not performed for cells cultured in F-0. In experiment II, a dose-dependent effect of bFGF on proliferation of cat dermal fibroblasts was found. In D-5 and D-10, the cells exhibited higher (P<0.05) proliferation compared with D-0. In D-2.5 the cells showed a tendency to proliferate slower than in D-5 and D-10 and at the same faster than in D-0. In conclusion. DMEM supplemented with bFGF provides better proliferation of domestic cat dermal fibroblasts culture than DMEM/F12. Supplementation of culture medium with bFGF has a beneficial effect on cat dermal fibroblast proliferation and could be recommended for addition to culture media.
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Kim MJ, Oh HJ, Hwang SY, Hur TY, Lee BC. Health and temperaments of cloned working dogs. J Vet Sci 2018; 19:585-591. [PMID: 29929355 PMCID: PMC6167335 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.5.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs serve human society in various ways by working at tasks that are based on their superior olfactory sensitivity. However, it has been reported that only about half of all trained dogs may qualify as working dogs through conventional breeding management because proper temperament and health are needed in addition to their innate scent detection ability. To overcome this low efficiency of breeding qualified working dogs, and to reduce the enormous costs of maintaining unqualified dogs, somatic cell nuclear transfer has been applied in the propagation of working dogs. Herein, we review the history of cloning working dogs and evaluate the health development, temperaments, and behavioral similarities among the cloned dogs. We also discuss concerns about dog cloning including those related to birth defects, lifespan, and cloning efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Oh
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sun Young Hwang
- Haemaru Referral Animal Hospital and Small Animal Clinical Research Institute, Seongnam 13590, Korea
| | - Tai Young Hur
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54875, Korea
| | - Byeong Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Kim MJ, Oh HJ, Choi YB, Lee S, Setyawan EMN, Lee SH, Lee SH, Hur TY, Lee BC. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid during in vitro culture improves development of dog-pig interspecies cloned embryos but not dog cloned embryos. J Reprod Dev 2018; 64:277-282. [PMID: 29695650 PMCID: PMC6021613 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2017-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate whether the treatment of dog to pig interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) embryos with a histone deacetylase inhibitor, to improve nuclear reprogramming, can be applied to dog SCNT embryos. The dog to pig iSCNT embryos were cultured in fresh porcine zygote medium-5 (PZM-5) with 0, 1, or 10 µM suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) for 6 h, then transferred to PZM-5 without SAHA. Although there were no significant differences in cleavage rates, the rates of 5-8-cell stage embryo development were significantly higher in the 10 µM group (19.5 ± 0.8%) compared to the 0 µM groups (13.4 ± 0.8%). Acetylation of H3K9 was also significantly higher in embryos beyond the 4-cell stage in the 10 µM group compared to the 0 or 1 µM groups. Treatment with 10 µM SAHA for 6 h was chosen for application to dog SCNT. Dog cloned embryos with 0 or 10 µM SAHA were transferred to recipients. However, there were no significant differences in pregnancy and delivery rates between the two groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that although porcine oocytes support nuclear reprogramming of dog fibroblasts, treatment with a histone deacetylase inhibitor that supports nuclear reprogramming in dog to pig iSCNT embryos was not sufficient for reprogramming in dog SCNT embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Oh
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Bin Choi
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Erif Maha Nugraha Setyawan
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hee Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Young Hur
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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