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Dos Santos-Neto PC, Cuadro F, Souza-Neves M, Crispo M, Menchaca A. Refinements in embryo manipulation applied to CRISPR technology in livestock. Theriogenology 2023; 208:142-148. [PMID: 37329588 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of CRISPR technology in large animals requires further improvements in embryo manipulation and transfer to be applied with commercial purposes. In this study we report (a) developmental competence of CRISPR/Cas microinjected zygotes subjected to in vitro culture in large scale programs in sheep; (b) pregnancy outcomes after early-stage (2-8-cell) embryo transfer into the oviduct or the uterine horn; and (c) embryo survival and birth rate after vitrification/warming of CRISPR/Cas microinjected zygotes. Experiment 1 consisted of a retrospective analysis to evaluate embryo developmental rate of in vitro produced zygotes subjected to CRISPR/Cas microinjection (n = 7,819) compared with a subset of non-microinjected zygotes (n = 701). Development rates to blastocyst on Day 6 were 20.0% for microinjected zygotes and 44.9% for non-injected zygotes (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, CRISPR/Cas microinjected zygotes were transferred on Day 2 after in vitro fertilization (2-8 cell embryos) into the oviductal ampulla (n = 262) or into the uterine horn (n = 276) in synchronized recipient ewes at prefixed time (i.e., approximately two days after ovulation). Pregnant/transferred recipients (24.0% vs. 25.0%), embryo survival/transferred embryos (6.9% vs. 6.2%), and born lambs/pregnant embryos (72.2% vs. 100.0%) did not differ significantly in the two groups. In Experiment 3, CRISPR/Cas microinjected zygotes were maintained under in vitro culture until blastocyst stage (Day 6), and subjected to vitrification/warming via the Cryotop method (n = 474), while a subset of embryos were left fresh as control group (n = 75). Embryos were transferred into the uterine horn of recipient females at prefixed time 8.5 days after the estrous synchronization treatment (i.e., approximately six days after ovulation). Pregnancy rate (30.8% vs. 48.0%), embryo survival rate (14.8% vs. 21.3%), and birth rate (85.7% vs. 75.0%) were not different (PNS) between vitrified and fresh embryos, respectively. In conclusion, the current study in sheep embryos reports (a) suitable developmental rate after CRISPR/Cas microinjection (i.e., 20%), even though it was lower than non-microinjected zygotes; (b) similar outcomes when Day 2-embryos were placed into the uterine horn instead of the oviduct, avoiding both time-consuming and invasive oviduct manipulation, and extended in vitro culture during one week; (c) promising pregnancy and birth rates obtained with vitrification of CRISPR/Cas microinjected embryos. This knowledge on in vitro embryo development, timing of embryo transfer, and cryopreservation of CRISPR/Cas microinjected zygotes have practical implications for the implementation of genome editing technology in large animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Dos Santos-Neto
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - F Cuadro
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Souza-Neves
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay; Unidad de Biotecnología en Animales de Laboratorio, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Crispo
- Unidad de Biotecnología en Animales de Laboratorio, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A Menchaca
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay; Plataforma de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Montevideo, Uruguay.
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2
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Li Y, Lian D, Wang J, Zhao Y, Li Y, Liu G, Wu S, Deng S, Du X, Lian Z. MDM2 antagonists promote CRISPR/Cas9-mediated precise genome editing in sheep primary cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 31:309-323. [PMID: 36726409 PMCID: PMC9883270 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing in sheep is of great use in both agricultural and biomedical applications. While targeted gene knockout by CRISPR-Cas9 through non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) has worked efficiently, the knockin efficiency via homology-directed repair (HDR) remains lower, which severely hampers the application of precise genome editing in sheep. Here, in sheep fetal fibroblasts (SFFs), we optimized several key parameters that affect HDR, including homology arm (HA) length and the amount of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) repair template; we also observed synchronization of SFFs in G2/M phase could increase HDR efficiency. Besides, we identified three potent small molecules, RITA, Nutlin3, and CTX1, inhibitors of p53-MDM2 interaction, that caused activation of the p53 pathway, resulting in distinct G2/M cell-cycle arrest in response to DNA damage and improved CRISPR-Cas9-mediated HDR efficiency by 1.43- to 4.28-fold in SFFs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that genetic knockout of p53 could inhibit HDR in SFFs by suppressing the expression of several key factors involved in the HDR pathway, such as BRCA1 and RAD51. Overall, this study offers an optimized strategy for the usage of dsDNA repair template, more importantly, the application of MDM2 antagonists provides a simple and efficient strategy to promote CRISPR/Cas9-mediated precise genome editing in sheep primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China,State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China,Laboratory Animal Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China,These authors contributed equally
| | - Di Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China,These authors contributed equally
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China,These authors contributed equally
| | - Yue Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoshi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shoulong Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China,Corresponding author: Shoulong Deng, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Panjiayuannanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Xuguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China,Corresponding author: Xuguang Du, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China,Corresponding author: Zhengxing Lian, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 2 Mingyuanxilu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China. .
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3
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Crispo M, Chenouard V, Dos Santos-Neto P, Tesson L, Souza-Neves M, Heslan JM, Cuadro F, Anegón I, Menchaca A. Generation of a Human Deafness Sheep Model Using the CRISPR/Cas System. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2495:233-244. [PMID: 35696036 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2301-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 system is a promising method for the generation of human disease models by genome editing in non-conventional experimental animals. Medium/large-sized animals like sheep have several advantages to study human diseases and medicine. Here, we present a protocol that describes the generation of an otoferlin edited sheep model via CRISPR-assisted single-stranded oligodinucleotide-mediated Homology-Directed Repair (HDR), through direct cytoplasmic microinjection in in vitro produced zygotes.Otoferlin is a protein expressed in the cochlear inner hair cells, with different mutations at the OTOF gene being the major cause of nonsyndromic recessive auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder in humans. By using this protocol, we reported for the first time an OTOF KI model in sheep with 17.8% edited lambs showing indel mutations, and 61.5% of them bearing knock-in mutations by HDR . The reported method establishes the bases to produce a deafness model to test novel therapies in human disorders related to OTOF mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Crispo
- Laboratory Animal Biotechnology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Vanessa Chenouard
- INSERM Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, Transgenesis Rat ImmunoPhenomic Facility (TRIP), Nantes, France
| | | | - Laurent Tesson
- INSERM Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, Transgenesis Rat ImmunoPhenomic Facility (TRIP), Nantes, France
| | - Marcela Souza-Neves
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jean-Marie Heslan
- INSERM Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, Transgenesis Rat ImmunoPhenomic Facility (TRIP), Nantes, France
| | - Federico Cuadro
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio Anegón
- INSERM Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, Transgenesis Rat ImmunoPhenomic Facility (TRIP), Nantes, France
| | - Alejo Menchaca
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Kalds P, Crispo M, Li C, Tesson L, Anegón I, Chen Y, Wang X, Menchaca A. Generation of Double-Muscled Sheep and Goats by CRISPR /Cas9-Mediated Knockout of the Myostatin Gene. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2495:295-323. [PMID: 35696040 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2301-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The myostatin (MSTN) gene has shown to play a critical role in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass, and the translational inhibition of this gene has shown increased muscle mass, generating what is known as "double-muscling phenotype." Disruption of the MSTN gene expression using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing system has shown improved muscle development and growth rates in livestock species, including sheep and goats. Here, we describe procedures for the generation of MSTN knockout sheep and goats using the microinjection approach of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, including the selection of targeting sgRNAs, the construction of CRISPR/Cas9 targeting vector, the in vitro examination of system efficiency, the in vivo targeting to generate MSTN knockout founders, the genomic and phenotypic characterization of the generated offspring, and the assessment of off-target effects in gene-edited founders through targeted validation of predicted off-target sites, as well as genome-wide off-target analysis by whole-genome sequencing. Editing the MSTN gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 system might be a rapid and promising alternative to promote meat production in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kalds
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish, Egypt
| | - Martina Crispo
- Unidad de Biotecnología en Animales de Laboratorio (UBAL), Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Laurent Tesson
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, Transgenesis Rat ImmunoPhenomic Facility (TRIP), Nantes, France
| | - Ignacio Anegón
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- Transgenesis Rat ImmunoPhenomic Facility (TRIP), Nantes, France
- GenoCellEdit Facility, Nantes, France
| | - Yulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Alejo Menchaca
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Montevideo, Uruguay.
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5
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Sustainable Food Production: The Contribution of Genome Editing in Livestock. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13126788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The growing demand for animal source foods to feed people has been pushing the livestock industry to increase productivity, a tendency that will continue throughout this century. The challenge for the coming years is to increase the food supply to ensure equity in access to high quality food, while maintaining global sustainability including combating climate change, avoiding deforestation, and conserving biodiversity, as well as ensuring animal health and welfare. The question is, how do we produce more with less? Classical methods to enhance livestock productivity based on the improvement of animal health, nutrition, genetics, reproductive technologies and management have made important contributions; however, this is not going to be enough and thus disruptive approaches are required. Genome editing with CRISPR may be a powerful contributor to global livestock transformation. This article is focused on the scope and perspectives for the application of this technology, which includes improving production traits, enhancing animal welfare through adaptation and resilience, conferring resistance to infectious diseases, and suppressing pests and invasive species that threaten livestock. The main advantages and concerns that should be overcome by science, policy and people are discussed with the aim that this technology can make a real contribution to our collective future. This review is part of the special issue “Genome Editing in Animal Systems to Support Sustainable Farming and Pest Control”.
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Jabbar A, Zulfiqar F, Mahnoor M, Mushtaq N, Zaman MH, Din ASU, Khan MA, Ahmad HI. Advances and Perspectives in the Application of CRISPR-Cas9 in Livestock. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:757-767. [PMID: 34041717 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The sophistication and revolution in genome editing and manipulation have revolutionized livestock by harvesting essential biotechnological products such as drugs, proteins, and serum. It laid down areas for the large production of transgenic food, resistance against certain diseases such as mastitis, and large production of milk and leaner meat. Nowadays, the increasing demand for animal food and protein is fulfilled using genome-editing technologies. The recent genome-editing techniques have overcome the earlier methods of animal reproduction, such as cloning and artificial embryo transfer. The genome of animals now is modified using the recent alteration techniques such as ZFNs, TALENS technique, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 (CRISPR-Cas9) system. The literature was illustrated for identifying the researchers to address the advances and perspectives in the application of Cas9 in Livestock. Cas9 is considered better than the previously identified techniques in livestock because of the production of resilience against diseases, improvement of reproductive traits, and animal production to act as a model biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Farheen Zulfiqar
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Bio Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mahnoor Mahnoor
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Bio Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Mushtaq
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamza Zaman
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Anum Salah Ud Din
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Musarrat Abbas Khan
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, Punjab, Pakistan.
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Li Y, Sun J, Ling Y, Ming H, Chen Z, Fang F, Liu Y, Cao H, Ding J, Cao Z, Zhang X, Bondioli K, Jiang Z, Zhang Y. Transcription profiles of oocytes during maturation and embryos during preimplantation development in vivo in the goat. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:714-725. [PMID: 32317096 DOI: 10.1071/rd19391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA sequencing performed on goat matured oocytes and preimplantation embryos generated invivo enabled us to define the transcriptome for goat preimplantation embryo development. The largest proportion of changes in gene expression in goat was found at the 16-cell stage, not as previously defined at the 8-cell stage, and is later than in other mammalian species. In all, 6482 genes were identified to be significantly differentially expressed across all consecutive developmental stage comparisons, and the important signalling pathways involved in each development transition were determined. In addition, we identified genes that appear to be transcribed only at a specific stage of development. Using weighted gene coexpression network analysis, we found nine stage-specific modules of coexpressed genes that represent the corresponding stage of development. Furthermore, we identified conserved key members (or hub genes) of the goat transcriptional networks. Their association with other embryo genes suggests that they may have important regulatory roles in embryo development. Our cross-mammalian species transcriptomic comparisons demonstrate both conserved and goat-specific features of preimplantation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jiangwen Sun
- Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Yinghui Ling
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hao Ming
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Zhen Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Fugui Fang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hongguo Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jianping Ding
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zubing Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Kenneth Bondioli
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Zongliang Jiang
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; and Corresponding authors. Emails: ;
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; and Corresponding authors. Emails: ;
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Baldassarre H. Laparoscopic Ovum Pick-Up Followed by In Vitro Embryo Production and Transfer in Assisted Breeding Programs for Ruminants. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:216. [PMID: 33477298 PMCID: PMC7830735 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of laparoscopic ovum pick-up (LOPU) followed by in vitro embryo production (IVEP) as a tool for accelerated genetic programs in ruminants is reviewed in this article. In sheep and goats, the LOPU-IVEP platform offers the possibility of producing more offspring from elite females, as the procedure is minimally invasive and can be repeated more times and more frequently in the same animals compared with conventional surgical embryo recovery. On average, ~10 and ~14 viable oocytes are recovered by LOPU from sheep and goats, respectively, which results in 3-5 transferable embryos and >50% pregnancy rate after transfer. LOPU-IVEP has also been applied to prepubertal ruminants of 2-6 months of age, including bovine and buffalo calves. In dairy cattle, the technology has gained momentum in the past few years stemming from the development of genetic marker selection that has allowed predicting the production phenotype of dairy females from shortly after birth. In Holstein calves, we obtained an average of ~22 viable oocytes and ~20% transferable blastocyst rate, followed by >50% pregnancy rate after transfer, declaring the platform ready for commercial application. The present and future of this technology are discussed with a focus on improvements and research needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan Baldassarre
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
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9
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Menchaca A, Dos Santos-Neto PC, Mulet AP, Crispo M. CRISPR in livestock: From editing to printing. Theriogenology 2020; 150:247-254. [PMID: 32088034 PMCID: PMC7102594 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Precise genome editing of large animals applied to livestock and biomedicine is nowadays possible since the CRISPR revolution. This review summarizes the latest advances and the main technical issues that determine the success of this technology. The pathway from editing to printing, from engineering the genome to achieving the desired animals, does not always imply an easy, fast and safe journey. When applied in large animals, CRISPR involves time- and cost-consuming projects, and it is mandatory not only to choose the best approach for genome editing, but also for embryo production, zygote microinjection or electroporation, cryopreservation and embryo transfer. The main technical refinements and most frequent questions to improve this disruptive biotechnology in large animals are presented. In addition, we discuss some CRISPR applications to enhance livestock production in the context of a growing global demand of food, in terms of increasing efficiency, reducing the impact of farming on the environment, enhancing pest control, animal welfare and health. The challenge is no longer technical. Controversies and consensus, opportunities and threats, benefits and risks, ethics and science should be reconsidered to enter into the CRISPR era.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Menchaca
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Cruz del Sur 2350, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - P C Dos Santos-Neto
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Cruz del Sur 2350, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A P Mulet
- Unidad de Animales Transgénicos y de Experimentación (UATE), Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo, 2020, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Crispo
- Unidad de Animales Transgénicos y de Experimentación (UATE), Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo, 2020, Montevideo, Uruguay
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10
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The study and manipulation of spermatogonial stem cells using animal models. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 380:393-414. [PMID: 32337615 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are a rare group of cells in the testis that undergo self-renewal and complex sequences of differentiation to initiate and sustain spermatogenesis, to ensure the continuity of sperm production throughout adulthood. The difficulty of unequivocal identification of SSCs and complexity of replicating their differentiation properties in vitro have prompted the introduction of novel in vivo models such as germ cell transplantation (GCT), testis tissue xenografting (TTX), and testis cell aggregate implantation (TCAI). Owing to these unique animal models, our ability to study and manipulate SSCs has dramatically increased, which complements the availability of other advanced assisted reproductive technologies and various genome editing tools. These animal models can advance our knowledge of SSCs, testis tissue morphogenesis and development, germ-somatic cell interactions, and mechanisms that control spermatogenesis. Equally important, these animal models can have a wide range of experimental and potential clinical applications in fertility preservation of prepubertal cancer patients, and genetic conservation of endangered species. Moreover, these models allow experimentations that are otherwise difficult or impossible to be performed directly in the target species. Examples include proof-of-principle manipulation of germ cells for correction of genetic disorders or investigation of potential toxicants or new drugs on human testis formation or function. The primary focus of this review is to highlight the importance, methodology, current and potential future applications, as well as limitations of using these novel animal models in the study and manipulation of male germline stem cells.
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11
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Menchaca A, Dos Santos-Neto PC, Souza-Neves M, Cuadro F, Mulet AP, Tesson L, Chenouard V, Guiffès A, Heslan JM, Gantier M, Anegón I, Crispo M. Otoferlin gene editing in sheep via CRISPR-assisted ssODN-mediated Homology Directed Repair. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5995. [PMID: 32265471 PMCID: PMC7138848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Different mutations of the OTOF gene, encoding for otoferlin protein expressed in the cochlear inner hair cells, induces a form of deafness that is the major cause of nonsyndromic recessive auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder in humans. We report the generation of the first large animal model of OTOF mutations using the CRISPR system associated with different Cas9 components (mRNA or protein) assisted by single strand oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODN) to induce homology-directed repair (HDR). Zygote microinjection was performed with two sgRNA targeting exon 5 and 6 associated to Cas9 mRNA or protein (RNP) at different concentrations in a mix with an ssODN template targeting HDR in exon 5 containing two STOP sequences. A total of 73 lambs were born, 13 showing indel mutations (17.8%), 8 of which (61.5%) had knock-in mutations by HDR. Higher concentrations of Cas9-RNP induced targeted mutations more effectively, but negatively affected embryo survival and pregnancy rate. This study reports by the first time the generation of OTOF disrupted sheep, which may allow better understanding and development of new therapies for human deafness related to genetic disorders. These results support the use of CRISPR/Cas system assisted by ssODN as an effective tool for gene editing in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Menchaca
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - P C Dos Santos-Neto
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Souza-Neves
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - F Cuadro
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A P Mulet
- Unidad de Animales Transgénicos y de Experimentación (UATE), Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - L Tesson
- Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, F-44000, Nantes, France.,Transgenesis Rat ImmunoPhenomic facility (TRIP), F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - V Chenouard
- Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, F-44000, Nantes, France.,Transgenesis Rat ImmunoPhenomic facility (TRIP), F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - A Guiffès
- Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, F-44000, Nantes, France.,Transgenesis Rat ImmunoPhenomic facility (TRIP), F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - J M Heslan
- Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, F-44000, Nantes, France.,GenoCellEdit facility, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - M Gantier
- Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, F-44000, Nantes, France.,GenoCellEdit facility, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - I Anegón
- Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, F-44000, Nantes, France. .,Transgenesis Rat ImmunoPhenomic facility (TRIP), F-44000, Nantes, France. .,GenoCellEdit facility, F-44000, Nantes, France.
| | - M Crispo
- Unidad de Animales Transgénicos y de Experimentación (UATE), Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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12
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Singh B, Mal G, Kues WA, Yadav PS. The domesticated buffalo - An emerging model for experimental and therapeutic use of extraembryonic tissues. Theriogenology 2020; 151:95-102. [PMID: 32320839 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Large animals play important roles as model animals for biomedical sciences and translational research. The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is an economically important, multipurpose livestock species. Important assisted reproduction techniques, such as in vitro fertilization, cryo-conservation of sperm and embryos, embryo transfer, somatic cell nuclear transfer, genetic engineering, and genome editing have been successfully applied to buffaloes. Recently, detailed whole genome data and transcriptome maps have been generated. In addition, rapid progress has been made in stem cell biology of the buffalo. Apart from embryonic stem cells, bubaline extra-embryonic stem cells have gained particular interest. The multipotency of non-embryonic stem cells has been revealed, and their utility in basic and applied research is currently investigated. In particular, success achieved in bubaline extra-embryonic stem cells may have important roles in experimental biology and therapeutic regenerative medicine. Progress in other farm animals in assisted reproduction techniques, stem cell biology and genetic engineering, which could be of importance for buffalo, will also be briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birbal Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station Palampur, 176 061, India
| | - Gorakh Mal
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station Palampur, 176 061, India
| | | | - Prem S Yadav
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, India.
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13
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Redesigning small ruminant genomes with CRISPR toolkit: Overview and perspectives. Theriogenology 2020; 147:25-33. [PMID: 32086048 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genetic modification is a rapidly developing field in which numerous significant breakthroughs have been achieved. Over the last few decades, genetic modification has evolved from insertional transgenesis to gene targeting and editing and, more recently, to base and prime editing using CRISPR-derived systems. Currently, CRISPR-based genome editing systems are showing great potential for generating gene-edited offspring with defined genetic characteristics. Domestic small ruminants (sheep and goats) have shown great potential as large animal models for genome engineering. Ovine and caprine genomes have been engineered using CRISPR-based systems for numerous purposes. These include generating superior agricultural breeds, expression of therapeutic agents in mammary glands, and developing animal models to be used in the study of human genetic disorders and regenerative medicine. The creation of these models has been facilitated by the continuous emergence and development of genetic modification tools. In this review, we provide an overview on how CRISPR-based systems have been used in the generation of gene-edited small ruminants through the two main pathways (embryonic microinjection and somatic cell nuclear transfer) and highlight the ovine and caprine genes that have been targeted via knockout, knockin, HDR-mediated point mutation, and base editing approaches, as well as the aims of these specific manipulations.
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14
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Kalds P, Zhou S, Cai B, Liu J, Wang Y, Petersen B, Sonstegard T, Wang X, Chen Y. Sheep and Goat Genome Engineering: From Random Transgenesis to the CRISPR Era. Front Genet 2019; 10:750. [PMID: 31552084 PMCID: PMC6735269 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheep and goats are valuable livestock species that have been raised for their production of meat, milk, fiber, and other by-products. Due to their suitable size, short gestation period, and abundant secretion of milk, sheep and goats have become important model animals in agricultural, pharmaceutical, and biomedical research. Genome engineering has been widely applied to sheep and goat research. Pronuclear injection and somatic cell nuclear transfer represent the two primary procedures for the generation of genetically modified sheep and goats. Further assisted tools have emerged to enhance the efficiency of genetic modification and to simplify the generation of genetically modified founders. These tools include sperm-mediated gene transfer, viral vectors, RNA interference, recombinases, transposons, and endonucleases. Of these tools, the four classes of site-specific endonucleases (meganucleases, ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPRs) have attracted wide attention due to their DNA double-strand break-inducing role, which enable desired DNA modifications based on the stimulation of native cellular DNA repair mechanisms. Currently, CRISPR systems dominate the field of genome editing. Gene-edited sheep and goats, generated using these tools, provide valuable models for investigations on gene functions, improving animal breeding, producing pharmaceuticals in milk, improving animal disease resistance, recapitulating human diseases, and providing hosts for the growth of human organs. In addition, more promising derivative tools of CRISPR systems have emerged such as base editors which enable the induction of single-base alterations without any requirements for homology-directed repair or DNA donor. These precise editors are helpful for revealing desirable phenotypes and correcting genetic diseases controlled by single bases. This review highlights the advances of genome engineering in sheep and goats over the past four decades with particular emphasis on the application of CRISPR/Cas9 systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kalds
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish, Egypt
| | - Shiwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bjoern Petersen
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt, Germany
| | | | - Xiaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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15
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Zhang J, Cui ML, Nie YW, Dai B, Li FR, Liu DJ, Liang H, Cang M. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated specific integration of fat-1 at the goat MSTN locus. FEBS J 2018; 285:2828-2839. [PMID: 29802684 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in understanding the CRISPR/Cas9 system have provided a precise and versatile approach for genome editing in various species. However, no study has reported simultaneous knockout of endogenous genes and site-specific knockin of exogenous genes in large animal models. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, this study specifically inserted the fat-1 gene into the goat MSTN locus, thereby achieving simultaneous fat-1 insertion and MSTN mutation. We introduced the Cas9, MSTN knockout small guide RNA and fat-1 knockin vectors into goat fetal fibroblasts by electroporation, and obtained a total of 156 positive clonal cell lines. PCR and sequencing were performed for identification. Of the 156 clonal strains, 40 (25.6%) had simultaneous MSTN knockout and fat-1 insertion at the MSTN locus without drug selection, and 55 (35.25%) and 101 (67.3%) had MSTN mutations and fat-1 insertions, respectively. We generated a site-specific knockin Arbas cashmere goat model using a combination of CRISPR/Cas9 and somatic cell nuclear transfer for the first time. For biosafety, we mainly focused on unmarked and non-resistant gene screening, and point-specific gene editing. The results showed that simultaneous editing of the two genes (simultaneous knockout and knockin) was achieved in large animals, demonstrating that the CRISPR/Cas9 system has the potential to become an important and applicable gene engineering tool in safe animal breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Meng-Lan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yong-Wei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fei-Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Dong-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ming Cang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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16
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Menchaca A, Cuadro F, Dos Santos-Neto PC, Bosolasco D, Barrera N, de Brun V, Crispo M. Oocyte developmental competence is improved by relatively greater circulating progesterone concentrations during preovulatory follicular growth. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 195:321-328. [PMID: 31262405 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of progesterone priming during follicular growth on oocyte competence to undergo oocyte cleavage and embryo development in sheep. Two experiments were performed on a total of 195 females that either received or did not receive a progesterone treatment (CIDR-type device) during the first follicular wave, beginning soon after ovulation (i.e., Day 0 of the experiment). On Day 3, the follicular population and oocyte quality (Experiment 1 and 2) and the competence of oocytes for cleavage and embryo development (Experiment 2) were evaluated after laparoscopic ovum pickup (LOPU) and in vitro fertilization. In Experiment 1, in a 2 × 2 factorial study the progesterone priming treatment (treated or not) was or was not associated with a single dose of FSH in a slow-release hyaluronic acid preparation given on Day 0. The follicular population on Day 3 and the number and morphology of recovered cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were not affected by the progesterone treatment (P = NS) but were improved by the FSH administration (P < 0.05). An interaction between both treatments was observed (P < 0.05), with more desirable outcome with the females that received both the progesterone and the FSH treatments. In Experiment 2, half of the females received the exogenous progesterone priming, and all females received FSH on Day 0. After follicular aspiration on Day 3, the cleavage rate and the embryo development rate following in vitro fertilization and culture were greater in those females that received the progesterone treatment (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these studies provide evidence that progesterone treatment during follicular growth affects oocyte competence, with the greater progesterone concentrations enhancing the oocyte's capacity to undergo cleavage and embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Menchaca
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundacion IRAUy, Cruz del Sur 2250, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - F Cuadro
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundacion IRAUy, Cruz del Sur 2250, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - P C Dos Santos-Neto
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundacion IRAUy, Cruz del Sur 2250, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - D Bosolasco
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundacion IRAUy, Cruz del Sur 2250, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - N Barrera
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundacion IRAUy, Cruz del Sur 2250, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - V de Brun
- Laboratorio de Técnicas Nucleares, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Av. Lasplaces, 1550, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Crispo
- Unidad de Animales Transgénicos y de Experimentación, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo, 2020, Montevideo, Uruguay
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17
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Effect of melatonin supplementation in the long-term preservation of the sheep ovaries at different temperatures and subsequent in vitro embryo production. Theriogenology 2018; 106:265-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Ikeda M, Matsuyama S, Akagi S, Ohkoshi K, Nakamura S, Minabe S, Kimura K, Hosoe M. Correction of a Disease Mutation using CRISPR/Cas9-assisted Genome Editing in Japanese Black Cattle. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17827. [PMID: 29259316 PMCID: PMC5736618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17968-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (IARS) syndrome is a recessive disease of Japanese Black cattle caused by a single nucleotide substitution. To repair the mutated IARS gene, we designed clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) to create a double-strand break near the mutation site. CRISPR/Cas9 and donor DNA that contained a synonymous codon for the correct amino acid and an Aequorea coerulescens Green Fluorescent Protein (AcGFP) cassette with a piggyBac transposase recognition site at both ends were introduced into bovine fetal fibroblast (BFF) cells isolated from a homozygous mutant calf. Recombinant cells were enriched on the basis of expression of AcGFP, and two cell lines that contained the repaired allele were subcloned. We generated somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos from the repaired cells and transferred 22 blastocysts to recipient cows. In total, five viable fetuses were retrieved at Days 34 and 36. PiggyBac transposase mRNA was introduced into BFF cells isolated from cloned foetuses and AcGFP-negative cells were used for second round of cloning. We transferred nine SCNT embryos to recipient cows and retrieved two fetuses at Day 34. Fetal genomic DNA analysis showed correct repair of the IARS mutation without any additional DNA footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsumi Ikeda
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Ikenodai 2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuyama
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Senbonmatsu 768, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, 329-2793, Japan
| | - Satoshi Akagi
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Ikenodai 2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0901, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Ohkoshi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Ikenodai 2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Sho Nakamura
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Senbonmatsu 768, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, 329-2793, Japan
| | - Shiori Minabe
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Senbonmatsu 768, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, 329-2793, Japan
| | - Koji Kimura
- Okayama University Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Tsushima-Naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Misa Hosoe
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Ikenodai 2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan.
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19
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Generation of transgenic goats by pronuclear microinjection: a retrospective analysis of a commercial operation (1995-2012). Transgenic Res 2017; 27:115-122. [PMID: 29249046 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-017-0050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Production of transgenic founder goats involves introducing and stably integrating an engineered piece of DNA into the genome of the animal. At LFB USA, the ultimate use of these transgenic goats is for the production of recombinant human protein therapeutics in the milk of these dairy animals. The transgene or construct typically links a milk protein specific promoter sequence, the coding sequence for the gene of interest, and the necessary downstream regulatory sequences thereby directing expression of the recombinant protein in the milk during the lactation period. Over the time period indicated (1995-2012), pronuclear microinjection was used in a number of programs to insert transgenes into 18,120, 1- or 2- cell stage fertilized embryos. These embryos were transferred into 4180 synchronized recipient females with 1934 (47%) recipients becoming pregnant, 2594 offspring generated, and a 109 (4.2%) of those offspring determined to be transgenic. Even with new and improving genome editing tools now available, pronuclear microinjection is still the predominant and proven technology used in this commercial setting supporting regulatory filings and market authorizations when producing founder transgenic animals with large transgenes (> 10 kb) such as those necessary for directing monoclonal antibody production in milk.
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20
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Tibary A. Grand Challenge Animal Reproduction-Theriogenology: From the Bench to Application to Animal Production and Reproductive Medicine. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:114. [PMID: 28770218 PMCID: PMC5511824 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Tibary
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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21
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Knowlton MN, Smith CL. Naming CRISPR alleles: endonuclease-mediated mutation nomenclature across species. Mamm Genome 2017; 28:367-376. [PMID: 28589392 PMCID: PMC5569137 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-017-9698-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The widespread use of CRISPR/Cas and other targeted endonuclease technologies in many species has led to an explosion in the generation of new mutations and alleles. The ability to generate many different mutations from the same target sequence either by homology-directed repair with a donor sequence or non-homologous end joining-induced insertions and deletions necessitates a means for representing these mutations in literature and databases. Standardized nomenclature can be used to generate unambiguous, concise, and specific symbols to represent mutations and alleles. The research communities of a variety of species using CRISPR/Cas and other endonuclease-mediated mutation technologies have developed different approaches to naming and identifying such alleles and mutations. While some organism-specific research communities have developed allele nomenclature that incorporates the method of generation within the official allele or mutant symbol, others use metadata tags that include method of generation or mutagen. Organism-specific research community databases together with organism-specific nomenclature committees are leading the way in providing standardized nomenclature and metadata to facilitate the integration of data from alleles and mutations generated using CRISPR/Cas and other targeted endonucleases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cynthia L Smith
- Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, 04609, USA
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22
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Yao YC, Han HB, Song XT, Deng SL, Liu YF, Lu MH, Zhang YH, Qi MY, He HJ, Wang SM, Liu GS, Li W, Lian ZX. Growth performance, reproductive traits and offspring survivability of genetically modified rams overexpressing toll-like receptor 4. Theriogenology 2017; 96:103-110. [PMID: 28532825 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Genetic modification provides a means to enhancing disease resistance in animals. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of the TLR family, is critical for the recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/endotoxin from Gram-negative bacteria by host immune cells, which initiates cell activation and subsequently triggers a proinflammatory response to the invading pathogens. In this study, the first generation of genetically modified (GM) sheep overexpressing TLR4 was produced by microinjection for better disease resistance. Compared with wild-type (WT) rams, the GM rams have similar growth performance, basic semen quality and spermatozoon ultrastructure. The offspring birth rates after cervical artificial insemination were also similar between GM (90.32%) and WT (92.38%) rams. Overall, the presence and expression of the TLR4 transgene in the genome did not appear to interfere with normal semen production, reproductive traits and the ability of transgene transmission to offspring. The expression levels of TLR4, tumor necrosis factor and interferon gamma genes in monocyte/macrophages from GM sheep were significantly higher than that from WT sheep at early stages after LPS stimulation. The GM offspring born from the founder transgenic ram inseminated ewes had similar survival rate with WT offspring (88.89% vs 84.86%) at weaning. The TLR4 transgene showed no deleterious effects on growth performance, reproductive traits and offspring survivability of GM rams. Therefore, the GM sheep overexpressing TLR4 provide a powerful experimental model for analyzing function of TLR4 in vivo during infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chang Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, PR China
| | - Hong-Bing Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xu-Ting Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, PR China
| | - Shou-Long Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yu-Feng Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Ming-Hai Lu
- Department of Animal Science, Heilongjiang State Farms Science Technology Vocational College, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yun-Hai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Mei-Yu Qi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Hai-Juan He
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Su-Mei Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Heilongjiang Polytechnic, Harbin, PR China
| | - Guo-Shi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China.
| | - Zheng-Xing Lian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China.
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