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Bradford BJ, Contreras GA. Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Linking Physiological Stressors to Disease Susceptibility. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2024; 12:261-281. [PMID: 38064480 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021122-113212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The study of adipose tissue (AT) is enjoying a renaissance. White, brown, and beige adipocytes are being investigated in adult animals, and the critical roles of small depots like perivascular AT are becoming clear. But the most profound revision of the AT dogma has been its cellular composition and regulation. Single-cell transcriptomic studies revealed that adipocytes comprise well under 50% of the cells in white AT, and a substantial portion of the rest are immune cells. Altering the function of AT resident leukocytes can induce or correct metabolic syndrome and, more surprisingly, alter adaptive immune responses to infection. Although the field is dominated by obesity research, conditions such as rapid lipolysis, infection, and heat stress impact AT immune dynamics as well. Recent findings in rodents lead to critical questions that should be explored in domestic livestock as potential avenues for improved animal resilience to stressors, particularly as animals age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J Bradford
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA;
| | - G Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA;
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2
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Constantin NT, Bercea-Strugariu CM, Bîrțoiu D, Posastiuc FP, Iordache F, Bilteanu L, Serban AI. Predicting Pregnancy Outcome in Dairy Cows: The Role of IGF-1 and Progesterone. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101579. [PMID: 37238009 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the link between insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), progesterone (PROG), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and glucose (GLU) and pregnancy probability after the first artificial insemination (AI) and during the first 100 days in milk (DIM), during the critical transition period. We determined levels of serum IGF-1, PROG, NEFA, BHB, and GLU in Holstein dairy cows via ELISA, using blood samples collected 7 days before parturition (DAP) until 21 days postparturition (DPP). The group was split into cows diagnosed pregnant at 100 DIM (PREG) and those that did not conceive at 100 and 150 DIM (NPREG). Serum IGF-1 and PROG median levels at 7 DAP were significantly higher in PREG vs. NPREG (p = 0.029), the only statistically significant differences across the subgroups. At 7 DAP, IGF-1 levels within the initial group showed a strong negative correlation with PROG (r = -0.693; p = 0.006), while for the PREG subgroup, the IGF-1 levels exhibited a very strong positive correlation with GLU (r = 0.860; p = 0.011) and NEFA (r = 0.872; p = 0.013). IGF-1 and PROG levels detected at 7 DAP may be useful to predict pregnancy at 100 DIM. The positive correlation of NEFA and GLU levels during the transition period demonstrates that the initial group is not in NEB; thus, the NEFA level was not a decisive factor for reproduction success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolae Tiberiu Constantin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Blvd. Splaiul Independentei, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
- Research and Development Institute for Bovine, 077015 Balotesti, Romania
| | - Cezar Mihai Bercea-Strugariu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Blvd. Splaiul Independentei, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragoș Bîrțoiu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Blvd. Splaiul Independentei, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Petrișor Posastiuc
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Blvd. Splaiul Independentei, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Iordache
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Blvd. Splaiul Independentei, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liviu Bilteanu
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Blvd. Splaiul Independentei, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanotechnologies, National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae, 077190 Voluntari, Romania
| | - Andreea Iren Serban
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Blvd. Splaiul Independentei, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Blvd. Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
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3
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Martin AAA, de Oliveira G, Madureira AML, Miglior F, LeBlanc SJ, Cerri RLA, Baes CF, Schenkel FS. Reproductive tract size and position score: Estimation of genetic parameters for a novel fertility trait in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:8189-8198. [PMID: 35965120 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The dairy industry is moving toward selecting animals with better fertility to decrease the economic losses linked to reproductive issues. The reproductive tract size and position score (SPS) was recently developed in physiological studies as an indicator of pregnancy rate and the number of services to conception. Cows are scored as SPS 1, 2, or 3 based on the size of their reproductive tract and its position in the pelvis, as determined by transrectal palpation. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for SPS to assess its potential as a novel fertility trait. Phenotypes were collected at the University of British Columbia's research herd from 2017 to 2020, consisting of 3,247 within- and across-lactation SPS records from 490 Holstein cows. A univariate animal model was used to estimate the variance components for SPS. Both threshold and linear models were fit under a Bayesian approach and the results were compared using the Spearman rank correlation (r) between the estimated breeding values. The 2 models ranked the animals very similarly (r = 0.99), and the linear model was selected for further analysis. Genetic correlations with other currently evaluated traits were estimated using a bivariate animal model. The posterior means (± posterior standard deviation) for heritability and repeatability within- and across-lactation were 0.113 (± 0.013), 0.242 (± 0.012), and 0.134 (± 0.014), respectively. The SPS showed null correlations with production traits and favorable correlations with traditional fertility traits, varying from -0.730 (nonreturn rate) to 0.931 (number of services). Although preliminary, these results are encouraging because SPS seems to be more heritable than and strongly genetically correlated with number of services, nonreturn rate, and first service to conception, indicating potential for effective indirect selection response on these traits from SPS genetic selection. Therefore, further studies with larger data sets to validate these findings are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey A A Martin
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, ON, Canada.
| | - Gerson de Oliveira
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, ON, Canada
| | - Augusto M L Madureira
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
| | - Filippo Miglior
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen J LeBlanc
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, ON, Canada
| | - Ronaldo L A Cerri
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
| | - Christine F Baes
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, ON, Canada; Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Flavio S Schenkel
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, ON, Canada
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Resveratrol ameliorates diabetic kidney injury by reducing lipotoxicity and modulates expression of components of the junctional adhesion molecule-like/sirtuin 1 lipid metabolism pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 918:174776. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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5
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Funeshima N, Miura R, Katoh T, Yaginuma H, Kitou T, Yoshimura I, Konda K, Hamano S, Shirasuna K. Metabolomic profiles of plasma and uterine luminal fluids from healthy and repeat breeder Holstein cows. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:54. [PMID: 33509174 PMCID: PMC7842029 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Repeat breeding is a critical reproductive disorder in cattle. The problem of repeat breeder cattle remains largely unmanageable due to a lack of informative biomarkers. Here, we utilized metabolomic profiling in an attempt to identify metabolites in the blood plasma and uterine luminal fluids. We collected blood and uterine fluid from repeat breeder and healthy cows on day 7 of the estrous cycle. Results Metabolomic analysis identified 17 plasma metabolites detected at concentrations that distinguished between the two groups, including decreased various bile acids among the repeat breeders. However, no metabolites that varied significantly were detected in the uterine luminal fluids between two groups. Among the plasma samples, kynurenine was identified as undergoing the most significant variation. Kynurenine is a metabolite produced from tryptophan via the actions of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). As IDO is key for maternal immune tolerance and induced in response to interferon tau (IFNT, ruminant maternal recognition of pregnancy factor), we examined the responsiveness to IFNT on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from healthy and repeat breeder cows. The mRNA expression of IFNT-response makers (ISG15 and MX2) were significantly increased by IFNT treatment in a dose-dependent manner in both groups. Although treatment with IFNT promoted the expression of IDO in PBMCs from both groups, it did so at a substantially reduced rate among the repeat breeder cows, suggesting that decreased levels of kynurenine may relate to the reduced IDO expression in repeat breeder cows. Conclusions These findings provide valuable information towards the identification of critical biomarkers for repeat breeding syndrome in cattle. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-02755-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Funeshima
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0034, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Miura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Taiga Katoh
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0034, Japan
| | - Hikari Yaginuma
- Animal Bio-Technology Center, Livestock Improvement Association of Japan Inc., Shinagawa, Tokyo, 135-0041, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kitou
- Animal Bio-Technology Center, Livestock Improvement Association of Japan Inc., Shinagawa, Tokyo, 135-0041, Japan
| | - Itaru Yoshimura
- Fuji Animal Research Farm, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Kawaguchiko, Yamanashi, 401-3338, Japan
| | - Kunitoshi Konda
- Kanagawa Prefectural Livestock Industry Technology Center, Ebina, Kanagawa, 243-0417, Japan
| | - Seizo Hamano
- Maebashi Institute of Animal Science, Livestock Improvement Association of Japan Inc., Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0121, Japan
| | - Koumei Shirasuna
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0034, Japan.
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Bianchetti G, Spirito MD, Maulucci G. Unsupervised clustering of multiparametric fluorescent images extends the spectrum of detectable cell membrane phases with sub-micrometric resolution. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:5728-5744. [PMID: 33149982 PMCID: PMC7587257 DOI: 10.1364/boe.399655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Solvatochromic probes undergo an emission shift when the hydration level of the membrane environment increases and are commonly used to distinguish between solid-ordered and liquid-disordered phases in artificial membrane bilayers. This emission shift is currently limited in unraveling the broad spectrum of membrane phases of natural cell membranes and their spatial organization. Spectrally resolved fluorescence lifetime imaging can provide pixel-resolved multiparametric information about the biophysical state of the membranes, like membrane hydration, microviscosity and the partition coefficient of the probe. Here, we introduce a clustering based analysis that, leveraging the multiparametric content of spectrally resolved lifetime images, allows us to classify through an unsupervised learning approach multiple membrane phases with sub-micrometric resolution. This method extends the spectrum of detectable membrane phases allowing to dissect and characterize up to six different phases, and to study real-time phase transitions in cultured cells and tissues undergoing different treatments. We applied this method to investigate membrane remodeling induced by high glucose on PC-12 neuronal cells, associated with the development of diabetic neuropathy. Due to its wide applicability, this method provides a new paradigm in the analysis of environmentally sensitive fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Bianchetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCSS, 00168
Rome, Italy
- Neuroscience Department, Biophysics
Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCSS, 00168
Rome, Italy
- Neuroscience Department, Biophysics
Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maulucci
- Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCSS, 00168
Rome, Italy
- Neuroscience Department, Biophysics
Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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7
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Bianchetti G, Di Giacinto F, De Spirito M, Maulucci G. Machine-learning assisted confocal imaging of intracellular sites of triglycerides and cholesteryl esters formation and storage. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1121:57-66. [PMID: 32493590 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
All living systems are maintained by a constant flux of metabolic energy and, among the different reactions, the process of lipids storage and lipolysis is of fundamental importance. Current research has focused on the investigation of lipid droplets (LD) as a powerful biomarker for the early detection of metabolic and neurological disorders. Efforts in this field aim at increasing selectivity for LD detection by exploiting existing or newly synthesized probes. However, LD constitute only the final product of a complex series of reactions during which fatty acids are transformed into triglycerides and cholesterol is transformed in cholesteryl esters. These final products can be accumulated in intracellular organelles or deposits other than LD. A complete spatial mapping of the intracellular sites of triglycerides and cholesteryl esters formation and storage is, therefore, crucial to highlight any potential metabolic imbalance, thus predicting and counteracting its progression. Here, we present a machine learning assisted, polarity-driven segmentation which enables to localize and quantify triglycerides and cholesteryl esters biosynthesis sites in all intracellular organelles, thus allowing to monitor in real-time the overall process of the turnover of these non-polar lipids in living cells. This technique is applied to normal and differentiated PC12 cells to test how the level of activation of biosynthetic pathways changes in response to the differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Bianchetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Di Giacinto
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maulucci
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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8
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Di Giacinto F, De Angelis C, De Spirito M, Maulucci G. Quantitative imaging of membrane micropolarity in living cells and tissues by spectral phasors analysis. MethodsX 2018; 5:1399-1412. [PMID: 30456174 PMCID: PMC6232651 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular micropolarity is essential in several metabolic processes, as it controls membrane permeability, regulating the fluxes of molecules and energy. Here we describe a method for the determination of the micropolarity in living cells using spectral confocal microscopy. The method is based on a phasor analysis of spectrally resolved images of live cells, labelled with the solvatochromic probe Nile Red. An application is provided to extract a polarity profile from the acquired Spectral datasets, which represent the contribution of hyperpolar, polar and non-polar lipids, and to generate a micropolarity map at submicrometric spatial resolution. A metabolic parameter, representing a quantitative index of the fatty acid-triacylglycerol turnover, is also furnished. This method allows a functional profiling of cells and tissues and the detection of metabolic imbalances between lipid storage and usage. •Use of spectral resolved confocal microscopy of Nile Red labelled cells for pixel resolved determination of the membranes micropolarity.•Spectral acquisition increases the specificity and sensitivity of the detection to provide a polarity profile and a metabolic index for fatty acid-TG turnover.•Use of spectral resolved confocal microscopy of Nile Red labelled cells for pixel resolved determination of the membranes micropolarity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Maulucci
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
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